英语翻译

第一篇：英语翻译

机械化英语翻译法

————钟平老师听课笔记

简介：本方法主要是运用数学的逻辑思维，将长难句进行划分层次，然后运用所总结的公式进行翻译。如果真正掌握后可以让语法近乎白痴的人在以后不会碰到翻译不了的句子，但切记：词汇是一切的根本。

一、英语之基本规则

主干先行(主、谓、宾)，废话后置(定、状)

二、主干的确定

构成一句话的主要条件是：主语+谓语

1> 谓语：a.划出所有动词；b.排除具有下列条件的动词：从句中的、句首状语层次中的动词、前面无助动词（be/have）的分词、to do形式（谓语+to do除外，因为它整体作谓语）、活用的动词（如动词当名词用）

* 单词的活用能通过运用简单词，让写出来的句子收到意想不到的效果。例：Chinese economy is bettering!(中国的经济越来越好）

You were,are and will be in my heart.(你永远在我心中）

2> 主语：a.句首的第一个名词性结构；

b.第一个谓语前的第一个名词性结构。

名词性结构：名词、代词、动名词(v+ing)、动词不定式(to do)、从句、It+……+从句/to do;

非名词性结构：介词短语中的名词性结构、从句中的名词性结构。

3> 宾语：每个谓语后面的第一个名词性结构。

三、复杂英文模式之计算公式：

[状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]+宾语+{定语或状语}

例：[Although not so world widely accepted],people(who are emotionally weak in daily business)are [often] losers(who are not able to fulfil any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure).子公式(无宾语模式)： [状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]

*宾语后一般都是定语，除非一开始就有表示状语的概念（如程度、方式、目的、结果、原因、条件、举例等）

*‚—‛‚，‛‚；‛后的结构一般为插入语，处理方法：插入语=状语

四、定状的汉化（核心）

1> 前提：分别划出各定状层次，包括：a.分词结构（过分-ed、现分-ing）b.从句c.介词短语。

2> 状语的处理

规则1汉化位置：句子首尾或最近的谓语前面

规则2倒序If ①②③④⑤ 则汉化结果为 ⑤④③②①

规则3并列不变序原则If ①②③④⑤

如果②、③之间的关系为并列(and)、转折(but)或选择(or)，则②、③的顺序不变。即汉化结果为 ⑤④②③①；

成串并列模型：如果②③、④⑤直接存在上述关系，则汉化结果为 ③②⑤④①

即将 ②③、④⑤分别看成两个整体，不变序，但内部依旧变序。

规则4If ①②③④⑤

如果②、③之间的关系为 动词+从句的形式，则②、③的顺序也不变。汉

化结果为 ⑤④②③①。

3> 定语的处理

规则1位置：定语在主语或宾语后。

英语表达 n.+①②③

汉语表达 ③②①+n.(倒序然后放在名词前)

规则2句中有 并列和v.+从句形式的处理 与状语的处理 的规则3、4相同。

规则3逗号+定语从句形式：分开翻译，用逗号隔开，重复先行词，剩下的部分重新排序。

* 通常 which翻译成‚这‛，who翻译成‚其‛。

规则4 介词+从句（如in which结构）分开翻译

规则5 如果有大于等于四个的层次，则可以分开，如下例中根据汉语习惯整理过程。（仅仅用于翻译）四六开，厚重原则。

根据以上四个步骤，对下句作如下分析：

例：The boy ①who has been elected ②in the meeting③last week ④held ⑤by teachers ⑥who are working ⑦in that school ⑧which located ⑨in the center ⑩of our city has announced a statement ①saying that he will never give up searching ②for new materials ③to replace the present one.1>找句子主干：The boy has announced a statement ；

2>句子中无状语，故分析句子中的定语层次，标记如上句。

The boy后有10个定语，且没有连接词，故按状语——规则2进行排序翻译： 在我们市中心的坐落的那个学校工作地教师所举行的上周的会议中被选举的男孩；a statement后面有3个定语，以同样的方式翻译：为了代替当前材料的新材料的研究他将永远不会放弃。

3>根据汉语习惯整理句子：

坐落于我们市中心的那所学校的一位男孩宣布了一项声明声称，他将永远不会放弃用来替代当前材料的新材料的研究，该男孩由在那个学校工作地老师们在上周举行的会议中选举产生。

例：Social science is that branch ①of intellectual enquiry ②which seeks to study humans and their endeavors ③in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner ④that natural scientists use ⑤for the study ⑥of natuarl phenomena.(202_年翻译）

1>找主干：Social science is that branch；

2>句子中无状语，分析句子中的定语层次，标记如上句。

the branch 后有6个定语，且相互之间无连接词，做如下翻译:为有关自然现象的研究而被那些自然科学家所使用的同样充满逻辑性、道理性、系统性和中立性的方式来寻找研究人类及其行为的智力探寻的分支。

3>根据汉语习惯整理句子：

社会科学是研究人类及其行为的智力探寻的分支，它同自然科学家研究自然现象的方法一样，充满逻辑性、道理性、系统性和中立性。

五、复杂英文模式之基本分类

英文中经常会出现整个句子由一个或几个连接词连接而成并列、转折或选择结构，在一句话出现表示并列、转折或选择的连接词时，就要考虑它是不是双重或

者多重并列，然后着手翻译。这种情况下将各个分句用公式单独进行分析即可。并列的判断：①形式相同②含义相关③语法功能相同

大致步骤概括：1.分析句子是不是双重或多重并列；

And+从句（主语+谓语），即为双重并列

And+部分：分两种情况①定状内部成分，不变序②主干并列，不涉及排序，只需要标明

2.找主干；

3.划层次；（熟练后可以目划）

4.汉化翻译。

附：例句练习：

1.These comments, whether accepted,clarified the norms and requirements of the covenant which was already in power in practice and enable the committee to make a significant contribution to the justice promotion in a particular right or issue, while other article has failed to function as has been expected in those meetings which was held with great hope.（1）句子主干：These comments clarified the norms and requirements…

（2）译文：这些评论，不论是否被接受，都澄清了已经在实践当中生效的公约的标准 和要求，并且使得委员会对具体权利和事项的正义的促进做出了重大贡献。而其他的条款没有起到那些带着重大的期望所召开的会议当中所期待的作用。

2.Under a system deployed on thewhitehouse website for thefirst time last time,those who want to send a message to PresidentBush must now navigate as many as nine web pages and fill out adetailedformthatstarts by asking whether the sender of themessage supports the white house policy or differs with it.（1）句子主干：those navigatewebpages and fill outa detailed form

（2）译文：在上次第一次被使用到白宫网站上的一个体系下，那些想给布什总统发送 消息的人现在必须浏览多达九个网页，并且填写一个详细的询问是否支持白宫政策开头的表格。

3.Great attention may be given to women's health issues in theninth session,at which the committee devotedgeneraldiscussionto the right to health and emphasized the principle of non-discriminationand of the concept that there is a minimum corecontent of each right which constitutes a ‘floor’below which theconditions shouldnotbe permitted tofall in any StateParty ofthis Pact.（1）句子主干：Great attention maybe giventowomen’shealthissues

（2）译文：在第九次会议上，人们强烈关注女性的健康问题。在这次会议上，委员会 对于健康权做出了基本的讨论，并且强调了无歧视原则以及每个权利都有一个构成核心内容 的底线的概念；低于这个底线的情况，不能在公约的成员国家当中发生。

4.This continuum begins on a‘micro’level,that is,the norms and laws governing relationships and resourcesallocation within thefamily and the need to reform personal laws,and extends to a‘macro’level, such as

the structureprograms（SP）designed by developingstateswith the advice and support of international financialinstitutions that endeavor to sustain the process of the ongoing reforms.（1）句子主干： Thiscontinuum beginson a ‘micro’level and extends toa‘macro’level.（2）译文：这个过程开始于一个微观的层面，也就是有关家庭当中的资源分配和关系的标准和法律，以及改革个人法律的需求；并且扩展到一个宏观的层面，比如说在那些一直 致力于支持不断进行的改革程序的国际财经机构的支持和建议之下，由发展中国家所设计的 结构型计划。

5.The committee has alsonoted that there is inconsistence between State Parties Reports and other information received from otherresources,such as Panama’s Report on the living conditions of theresidence in ELCHORILLO made homeless by bombing which tookplacelast year,which was not consistent with otherinformation receivedby theCommittee.（1）句子主干：The committee has also noted that there is inconsistence…

（2）译文：委员会已经认识到成员国家的报告和其他来源信息的不同。比如说巴拿马的由于去年所发生的轰炸导致无家可归的 ELCHORILLO 地区居民生活状况的报告，这同委员会收到的其他信息不一致。

虽然这个东西用起来有点复杂，而且也不一定好用，但我们可以取其精华，比如把长难句中名词后面的各个定语分开翻译，然后以汉语习惯连接起来，很有效果的！

第二篇：英语翻译

China’s Territory and Climate

China to be located in the east of Asia and west of Pacific ocean.In addition to a land area of 9.6 billion square kilometers, China has a water coverage of 4.7 billion square kilometers with bohai sea ,yellow sea ,east of China sea and South of China sea connecting together and surrounding the coastline of China’s east and south east part.China has a complex topography, mountains, plateaus and hills account for 65% of the whole country’s land area.Of the 19 mountains which latitude is more than 8 thousands in the world, seven mountains locate in China.China is high in the west.At the same time, China has a great number of lakes and rivers, with the total length of 2.2 hundred thousand square kilometers.Of the 2800 lakes which has a area above 1 square kilometers,13 lakes have a area more than 1 thousand square kilometers.98% of China’s land area locate between the latitude of 20 degree and 50 degree north, thus temperate and subtropical zone account for a large space.Climatic difference feature resulting from the geography location is dominated by obvious monsoonal climate, wind by north is prevailing in the winter ,wind by south is prevailing in the summer, four seasons are distinct , simultaneous heat and moisture, Cold wave, plum rains, typhoons, and other common types of weather

China's climate has another notable feature is the strong continental climate，Mainly for

temperature and rainfall variability, extreme differences between greater.As far as the average temperature in January and July, China winter temperatures are much lower than with a latitude of other countries, while summer temperature is much higher than with latitude of other States, annual precipitation as oceans increases mileage decreasing, Southeast from the year more than 1,000 to 2,000 mm of precipitation gradually decline to below 100 to 200 millimeters in the Northwest region.Accroading to climactic difference in its regiongal climate is pided into 3 natural zones: Ⅰ.The Eastern Monsoon Region,which account for country's land mass of 45%,95% of land is

faramland.The regiong with obvious monsoonal inflence and wet is farming area.Most part is lower than loom above sea level featuring borard plains an numerous rivers.Ⅱ.Arid regions in Northwest China: about the country's total land area of 30%, 10% of the total cultivated land, with a total population of 4%, arid and arid climate, mainly of natural vegetation in desert grasslands and dry grassland, is the main Ranch.Ⅲ.The Qinghai-Tibet High and cold Region,wich account for country’s land mass of 25%,0.8% of farmingland,0.8% of population,average altitude is more than 4000m above sea level,most of them belongs to inland draingage area with obvious cold effect and strong clarier effect.艺术学院

高贇S111033

张瑜珑 S111040

第三篇：英语翻译

“Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move，” said David Belle, the founder of parkour(跑酷)．

Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring.But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale？Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way.It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.Yes, that’s parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body.Parkour is considered an extreme sport.As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy(理念)behind parkour.This is the same as life.You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back from them in your life, to reach the destination successfully.A parkour lover said, “I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.” Another philosophy we’ve learnt from parkour is freedom.It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world.It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself that you earn energy and confidence.()1.Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of ________.A．its founder, David Belle B．the film Casino Royale C．its risks and tricks D．the varieties of participants()2.The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”． A．streets

B．objects

C．barriers

D．roofs()3.Which of the following is TRUE of parkour? A．It challenges human abilities.B．It is a good but boring sport.C．It needs special training.D．It is a team sport.()4.As its participants move around a city, ________.A．they can ask for help B．they may choose to escape C．they should run to extremes D．they must learn to survive()5.Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour? A．Sports and extremes.B．Excitement and popularity.C．Dreams and success.D．Determination and freedom “我们的目标是把我们的艺术走向世界，让人们了解什么是移动的，说：”戴维贝尔，跑酷的创始人（跑酷）。你喜欢跑步吗？这是一个很好的锻炼，但许多人觉得很无聊。但如果你早上慢跑一个具有创造性的人？就像跳围墙和差距，和地面卷吗？就像在电影皇家赌场的杰姆斯邦德？键跳跃从屋顶到窗台上，然后越过障碍的道路上几块。这是因为债券的精彩表演，体育已经成为风靡全球。是的，这是一个极端的街头运动跑酷，旨在从一个点到另一个尽可能快，要在路上的一切障碍，只使用了人体的能力。跑酷是一项极端的运动。为参加短跑在城市周围，他们可能会跳过栅栏，跑上墙，甚至从屋顶。跑酷也一样令人兴奋和迷人的声音，但其参与者看到跑酷多。克服了所有困难的课程和生活哲理的部分（理念）在跑酷。这是一样的生活。你必须确定你的目的地，笔直走，跳过所有的障碍，如在跑酷永不后退从他们在你的生活中，成功地达到目的地。一个跑酷爱好者说，“我爱跑酷因为其哲学已经成为我的生活，我做的一切。”另一种哲学，我们学会了从跑酷是自由的。它可以通过任何人，在任何时间，在世界的任何地方。它是一种信任自己，你获得的能量和自信的表达。（）1.parkour风靡世界因为________。利用其创始人，戴维Belle该电影皇家赌场c.风险和技巧的品种的参与者（）2.下划线的单词“障碍”2段意思相近的“________”。b.objects街头c.barriers d.roofs（）下列内容，是真正的跑酷？A.它挑战人类的能力。这是一个很好的但无聊的运动。它需要特殊的训练。这是一项团队运动。（）4.as参与者将周围的城市，________。他们可以寻求帮助，他们可能会选择逃避他们应该走极端他们必须学会生存（）下列5.which是跑酷的哲学？A.体育和极端。B.兴奋和普及。C.梦想与成功。D.确定和自由

【要点综述】 电影中的邦德让跑酷运动风靡全球，它既是对人体能力极限的挑战，也是对人生意志与自由的追求。1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知跑酷之所以风靡全球是受《皇家赌场中主人公邦德精彩表演的影响。2．C 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中间部分的“jump over all the barriers as if in parkour”可知画线词与C项“障碍”意思最接近。3．A 根据第三段中的“getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body”可知跑酷是对人体能力的挑战。4．C 推理判断题。根据第二、三段最后两句中的内容可推测他们应该跑到极限。5．D 推理判断题。结合倒数第二段中内容以及最后一段第一句中内容可知跑酷的理念是决心和自由

第四篇：英语翻译

1.As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals.Bonded together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends.As to what friendship is, people have different notions / ideas.Some make friends for mutual utility.Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up.However, a lot more people long for “soul pals”— those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together.Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and encourage us to have the courage of our convictions.Such is what we call “true and perfect friendship”.2.After dinner, we all sat around the hearth.Aunt Susan was still in the grief of losing Uncle Robert.In her soft voice she told us about their past years.Uncle Robert joined the army shortly after they were engaged.Given the critical situation at the time when lots of army men didn’t return alive, you can imagine how much overjoyed Aunt Susan was to see Uncle Robert come back safe and sound from the European battlefield.Then they got married and brought up five children.For all those years, their affection for each other grew stronger in the course of overcoming difficulties and hardships in life.I was fascinated by Aunt Susan’s story, which was totally different from my ideal of love.They practiced giving and sharing in their daily life instead of pursuing passion and romance.Amazingly, such love lasted through their whole life.3.Happiness must have much to do with money.After all, a hard life will wear out one’s sense of joy.However, happiness doesn’t derive from money alone.Today’s society as a whole has seen dramatic improvement in the standard of living, and the majority of people are decently fed and clothed.However, are people happier today? In fact, when the mass media and commercial advertisements are still reinforcing the notion that to be happy is to possess more, people find themselves longing more earnestly than ever for a happy and healthy spiritual life: being loved, respected, feeling safe and proud of realizing their self-value.As a wise man once pointed out, happiness lies in the positive attitude one holds towards life other than how much money one earns.Those millionaires who view life as boring and empty serve as good negative examples.5.Scientific development has brought about global changes in educational thought.It not only generates such a new form of education as “virtual universities” but turns “lifelong learning” into a workable project.In addition, people today seem to be in favor of practical knowledge.But whatever changes there might have been, education must stick to its classic role: to enlighten learners.Confronted with the new problems of this century, we still expect that education should put more emphasis on cultivating learners' competence to think critically and to work collaboratively / with team spirit.Furthermore, we hope that education will take the responsibility of promoting traditional virtues by guiding learners to dispense with negative desires like greed, lust and violence.6.Once transplanted abroad, people will feel anxious and even lose the capacity to deal with daily routines.This problem is attributed to the disappearance of the surroundings we have been used to.Then, what should we do so as to change the life styles and patterns built up in us over so many years? First, we should be more tolerant towards people with cultural backgrounds different from ours.To get over frustrations caused by culture shock, we should try to adapt ourselves to the new environment and get along with our workmates harmoniously.Furthermore, we should never identify a person with the nationality he represents or proceed to hate the person’s culture only because we don’t like him.In fact, to preserve our national culture is not to resist foreign ones.8.In the modern society, how does competition work in combination with cooperation? Firstly, scarcity leads to competition.Players of the same football team compete for slots on the team, and this team competes against other teams for victory.In a work place, colleagues compete for higher positions.And also in business, firms become rivals for more consumers and a bigger market share.But meanwhile competition is inseparable from cooperation.Players have to cooperate efficiently with one another to win the championships for their team.Colleagues have to cooperate to accomplish their shared task.Firms try their best to cooperate to lobby the agencies of business administration for the greatest privileges.All in all, inpiduals as well as teams are subjected to both competition and cooperation.The two together nourish the social development so that we can enjoy a more prosperous and harmonious world.

第五篇：英语翻译

On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no grant pretensions.It catered to large appetites and modest purses.its crockery and atmosphere were thick;its soup and napery were thin.into this place soapy took his accusive and telltale trousers without challenge.at a table he sat and consumed beefsteak ,flapjacks ,doughnuts and pie.and then to the waiter betrayed the fact that the minutest coin and himself were strangers.“now ,get busy and call a cop ,” said soapy.”and do not keep a gentleman waiting.”

“no cop for me ,”said the waiter ,with a voice like butter and an eye like the cherry in a manhattan cocktail.”hey ,con!”

Neatly upon his left ear on the callous pavement two waiters pitched soapy.he arose ,joint by joint ,as a carpenter’s rule opens,and beat the dust from his clothes.Arrest seemed but a rosy dream.the island seemed very far away.A policeman who stood before a drug store two doors away laughed and walked down the street.Five blocks soapy travelled before his courage permitted him to woo capture again.this time the opportunity presented what he fatuously termed to himself a “cinch.” a young woman of a modest and pleasing guise was standing before a show window gazing with sprightly interest at his display of shaving mugs and inkstands,and two yards from the window a large policeman of severe demeanour leaned against a water plug.在街的对面有一家pretension不太好的饭店，他catered大量的appeites和警察就在不远处。现代购买物，他crockery氛围很差劲（thick），味道稀薄。在那个地方吃饭，索比真实地去就好了，不用担心他的衣着，在椅子上坐下来，要了一份·······向侍者陈述事实 现在打电话报警吧，不要像绅士一样等待了

无需报警，侍者答到，黄油一样的声音眼睛提溜提溜的转，hey 骗子 两个侍者提起了索比，扔脏了他的衣服

被逮捕似乎不是简单的梦，小岛似乎很远。一个警察站在离着两扇门远的药店门口对他笑，走向了那一条街。

之前他的勇气使他再试一次。这次机会要好好把握，一个年轻的女子站在商店橱窗凝视商品，两个