thrift基本用法总结

第一篇：thrift基本用法总结

Thirft

一：Thrift构建简要说明

二：与其他的一些远程数据交换的比较

三：利用Thrift实现server和client远程数据交换实例：首先需要编写thrift脚本，如下：

第二步，生成接口代码，Thrift提供各种语言的接口，如python，c/c++,java，erlang，php等。这里以c++为例子：

输入命令：thrift--gen cpptcpp.thrift

接着将生成如下几个文件：更改服务端代码，实现服务端的具体实现：编写客户端代码编写makefile使一切顺利工作起来。

四：Thirft实现多线程

总结：1，下次研究一下其他的远程数据交换。

第二篇：There be句型基本用法

-----------.------名--姓--封---级--班---学--中--五密十--九--第--市--津--天----------

七年级英语兴趣班讲义

（三）There be句型基本用法

一.基本句型：

There be 句型最基本的用法是用来表示某地有某物, 表示一种存在现象。肯定式：

There + be + 主语 + 地点(时间)状语

例：There is a picture of her family on the wall.在墙上有一张她家的全家福。

There are five lamps in the room.屋子里有五盏台灯。

There are forty students in our class this year.今年我们班一共有四十名学生。

否定式：

There be not(any, much)+ 主语+地点

例: There isn’t any money left in my pocket.我口袋里一分钱都没有了。

There aren’t many books in the library of our school.我们学校的图书馆里没有太多藏书。

There is not much water in my cup.Would you fill it up?

我杯子里没有多少水了, 你能帮我加点么?

一般疑问句：

Be + there +(any)+ 主语„?

例: Are there any pictures on the wall in your room?

你屋子里墙上挂照片了么?

Is there a lamp on your table?

你桌子上有台灯么?

Is there anything I can do for you?

我可以为你做点什么?

特殊疑问句：

疑问词(+名词)+ be + there + 状语?

例: How many months are there in a year?

一年有多少个月?

What’s there in your pocket?

你口袋里有什么?

反意疑问句：

反意疑问句应与there be对应，而不是依据句子主语。

例: There is a red book on your desk, isn’t there?

你桌子上有一本红色的书, 不是么?

There isn’t anyone in the classroom, is there?

教室里已经没有人了, 不是么?

二.There be句型应该注意的一些问题： 就近一致。

There be 句型中的be动词用单数或是复数应该遵循就近原则，即be动词与距离其后最近的名词数保持一致。

例: There is a teacher and many students on the playground.There are many students and a teacher on the playground.操场上有一名老师和很多学生。

如上面的两句话, 第一句话距离there be 最近的是a teacher, 因此be 动词要用单数形式;而第二句话中距离there be 最近的是复数形式的 many students, 因此我们相应地用be 动词的复数形式are。

再如: There is a blue pen, two red pencils and three black ball pens there.There are two red pencils, three black ball pens and a blue pen there.那儿有一个蓝色钢笔, 两个红色铅笔和三根黑色圆珠笔。

there be 与have 的区别。

“There be„”句式和have均可表示“有”的意思，但用法有别。“There be„”表示“在某处有„„”，表示“存在”；而have却表示“某人/某物有„„”，表示“拥有”。

例: There is going to be a concert this evening.今晚这里有场音乐会。

We have nothing to do this evening.我们今晚无事可做。三。的用法方位词 1.at

at表示地点：

（1）：用于门牌号码前。如： He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.at指时间表示：

（1）时间的一点、时刻等。如：

They come home at noon（at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn）.（2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如： He goes home at Christmas（at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night）.2.in in 在（某范围或空间）内；在（某段时间）内；穿戴着；用（某种语言、工具等）

a country in Africa 非洲的一个国家

They often have sports in the afternoon.他们常在下午进行体育活动。in the 21st century 在二十一世纪 the man in the hat 戴帽子的男子

She is always in black． 她总是穿着一身黑。Say it in English． 用英语说吧。3.on on（某物体）上；在（某运输工具）上；在（某一天）There is a picture on the wall． 墙上有幅画。Put it down on the table． 把它放在桌子上。

She is coming on the plane／ bus ／ train ／ tube．她将乘飞机公共汽车火车地铁来。

We meet on Sundays． 我们每星期日见面。on May the first 在五月一日 4.to to 向，朝，往（某方向或某处）；到达（某处）；离，差 He's going to Paris． 他要去巴黎。the way to the station 通往车站的路

They will get to Sydney tonight．

今晚他们到达悉尼。It's five to ten．

现在是9点55分。四.in front of 和in the front of区别

前者是在一个物体的前面，而后者是在一个物体的前部。

in front of classroom（在教室这个建筑的前面（教室的外面））in the front of classroom(在这个教室的前面（里面））

(1)in front of 表示“在„„的前面”（有一定距离的前面，也可以理解在物体范围外的前面），其反义词是behind，表示“在„„的后面”。例如：

There is a river in front of the house.=There is a house behind the river.(2)二者的区别：

in the front of与in front of具有不同的含义。前者表示在某一范围之内的前部，后者表示在某一范围之外的前面。例如：

There is a big desk in the front of the classroom.在教室的前部有一张大桌子。

There is a tree in front of the classroom.在教室的前面有一棵树。

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第三篇：虚拟语气的基本用法

虚拟语气的基本用法。

一、虚拟语气的使用范围：

虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。

二、虚拟语气的判断：

1.if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种：

(1)与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should(would, could, might)+ have + 过去分词”。例如：

If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。

(2)与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should(would, could, might)+ 动词原形”。例如：

If I were in your position, I would marry her.如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。

(3)与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should(were to)+ 动词原形”，主句用“should

(would, could, might)+ 动词原形”。例如：

If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it.如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。

2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

(1)wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。

A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如：

I wish they were not so late.要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。

B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如：

I wished he hadn't done that.我真希望那件事不是他做的。

(2)表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如：

I insisted that he(should)go with us.我坚持让他和我们一起去。

注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：

He insisted that she was honest.他坚持认为她是诚实的。

3.主语从句中的虚拟语气。

(1)It be + 形容词 + that...(should)...。用于该句型的形容词有：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如：

It's natural that he should feel hurt.他感到疼是很正常的。

(2)It be + 过去分词 ＋ that...(should)...。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如： desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如：

It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month.真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。

(3)It is time(about time / high time)that...+(过去时或should + 动词原形)...。例如：

It is high time I went home now.= It is high time I should go home.我该回家了。

(4)表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词为：should + 动词原形，连接从句的that不能省略。例如： My suggestion is that we should go there at once.我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。

4． 省略形式。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。这时，如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。例如：

If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend.→ Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend.如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。

（3）虚拟语气 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如 If I were you, I should study English.一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下：

从句（条件句）

主句（结果句）

与现在事实相反的假设

动词过去式

Be一般用were Should Would +动词原形

Could Might

与过去事实相反的假设

Had +分词 Should Would + have+ 过去分词

Could Might

与将来事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小 1）should+ 动词原形

2）were to+动词原形 Should Would + 动词原形

Could Might

例如：If he were here, everything would be all right.If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：

Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二.错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。

If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive.If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.三．含蓄条件句

1.有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。

如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.But for your help(If it hadn’t been for your help), I couldn’t have done it.2.假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。

I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.I was ill that day.Otherwise I would have taken part in the party.3.表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

（1）省去条件从句 You could have washed your clothes yourself.（你本可以自己洗衣服的。）省去了If you had wanted to。（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）

（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）If my grandmother were with me!(如果我的祖母和我在一起多好啊！)事实是：祖母已不在世。

四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

① “wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……、悔不该……、但愿……”。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；

表示将来不可能实现的愿望用“would/could+动词原形”；

表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”。如：

I wish I were better-looking.要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。

I wish I had met the film star just now.我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！

I wish I would be a solider.我想当一名军人。

【考例】

How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden!(上海 202_春)A.has B.had

C.will have D.had had 【答案】B。

② 在表示建议、要求、愿望、命令、坚持、想法(advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest)等动词后面的宾语从句，或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中在美国英语中，should常省略。如：

The young man insisted that I(should)go with his fellows.这个年轻人坚持要我同他的同伴们一起去。

The doctor advised that he change his job.医生建议他换工作。

【考例】Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(福建 202_)A.not allow B.do not allow C.mustn’t allow D.couldn’t allow 【答案】A。

③ 在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常常用过去时来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。如：

— Shall I open the window? 我可以把窗户打开吗? — I’d rather you didn’t.我觉得还是不要。

【考例】

George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he more on its culture.(江苏202_)A.focus B.focused

C.would focus D.had focused 【答案】B。

④ 在It is +形容词(important, necessary, good, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising)+that从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。如：

It is natural that she(should)do so.很自然她应该这样做。

【考例】

— Don’t you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York? — I agree, but the problem is he has refused to.(江苏202_)A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that

C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what 【答案】B。

五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用 1.if only的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气

if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所接虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同。如：

If only the player had had more courage!这位选手再多有一些勇气就好了。

If only Daisy would go with me!黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了!【考例】

Look at the trouble I am in!If only I your advice.(上海 202_春)A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 【答案】C。

2.as if(as though)方式状语从句中的虚拟语气

as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。

(1)as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。

当说话者所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：

It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。

(2)as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。

当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：

① 从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：

He talks as if he knew where she was.他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。

② 从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。如：

He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。

③ 从句表示将来发生的可能性不大，谓语动词用“would(could, might)＋动词原形”。如：

It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。

3.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气（1）以in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语多用could/might+动词原形，在口语中常用can/could+动词原形

She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.(2)以lest, for fear that和in case 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用（should）+动词原形。

She took an umbrella with her lest/for fear that/in case it should rain.六．其他形式的虚拟语气

1.It’ s time that句型中的虚拟语气

在It’ s time that句型中，从句谓语通常用一般过去时或should+动词原形(should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该做某事了”。如：

It’s high time that we were off.是我们该走的时候了。

2.在would/had rather, would(just)as soon, would sooner和 would prefer结构中，也用虚拟语气。共同特点是：从句中动词用一般过去时，表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时，则表示过去的情况。

I’d rather you left tomorrow.I would just as soon you had told me the truth yesterday.I would rather have bought the dictionary.3.表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它”。如：

May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风！

May your youth last forever!祝你青春永驻！

■强化训练■

1._______ more careful, his bus would not have knocked into the tree.A.If the driver were

B.Had the driver been

C.Should the driver be

D.If the driver would have been 2._______the football competition, I would have gone to the concert yesterday.A.In spite of

B.But for

C.Because of D.As for

3.Look at the terrible situation you are in!If only you_______ my advice!

A.listen to

B.would listen to C.had listened to

D.have listened to

4.Had Henry received two more votes in the last election, he _______our monitor now.A.must have been B.would have been C.were

D.would be 5.If the athlete won today, he_______ eight races in a game.A.would have won B.won

C.must have won

D.did have won

6.It is time that our mayor _______ measures to protect the poor in the street.A.takes

B.took

C.has taken

D.taking 7.If I had read the report, I _______ you all about it now.A.would tell

B.will tell

C.have told

D.would have told 8.— It’s a pity you didn’t won the competition.—_______I had had more practice.A.If only B.As if C.If not D.As with Key: 1-5 BBCDA

6-8 BAA

第四篇：There be句型的基本用法

There be句型的基本用法

There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地（或某时）有某人（或某物）”，其形式为“Therebe＋代词或名词（短语）＋地点／时间状语”。这里there是引导词，没有词义，be是谓语动词，代词或名词（短语）是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。例如：1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room．（紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk，是单数，故be的形式要用is）2.There are two chairs and a desk in the room．（紧挨着be动词的主语是two chairs，是复数故be的形式要用are）否定句是在be后加not

1.There______ some milk some eggs and a few apples on the table.2.There

books on the shelf.3.There ______

many elephants in Africa.4.There

a book and three pens.5.There ______

two books and one pen on the table.6.There ______ one apple and seven oranges and nine bananas.7.There ______ two films this week in our school.8.There ______many changes in the village recently.9.There ____________nobody else at hand, I hace to do it by myself.10、There ______a lot of rubbers and one pen in the box.11、There ______some milk in the glass.

12、There ______one girl and ten little boys under the the big tree.13There ______a box of rubbers and two bags of books.14There ______a tin of chicken behind the fridge.15There ______four cups of coffee on the table.There be与have所表示的意义。There be句型表示“存在”关系，have表示“所属”关系，两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如，要说“明天有一个班会。”（1）There will have a class meeting tomorrow．（×）（2）There is going to／will be a class meeting tomorrow．（√）有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时两种都可以用。例如：Class Three have a map of China on the wall．（“地图”为三班学生所有）There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three．（“地图”存在于三班）由此看来，There will have是错误的。

Fill in the blank with“have, has” or “there is , there are” ：1.I________a good father and a good mother.2.________a telescope on the desk.3.He_________a tape-recorder.4._____________a basketball in the playground.5.She__________some dresses.6.They___________a nice garden.7.What do you_________?

8.__________a reading-room in the building?9.What does Mike_______? 10.__________any books in the bookcase?11.My father_________a story-book.12._______________a story-book on the table.16._____________some maps on the wall.17.______________a map of the world on the wall.18.David__________a telescope.9.David’s friends___________some tents.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词练习题 1.This is my book.____are over there.A.Your B.Yours C.You D.Mine 2.Whose pen is it It’s ______

.A.her B.hers C.she D.his

3.______bag is new and is new too.A.Our he B.Ours his C.My his D.My her 4.This room is ours and that one is.______ A.they B.them C.theirs D.their 5.Whose pencils are there They’re ______.A.my B.me C.mine D.our

6.Is the new watch Yes it’s ______.A.you me B.yours mine C.your my D.your mine 7.Whose shoes are these They are ______.A.me B.mine C.my D.I 8.She is a student, ______name is Han Mei.A.its B.her C.hers D.his 9.It’s a dog.I don’t know ______ name.A.its’ B.its C.it D.it’s

10.This ruler isn’t mine.I think it is ______.A.he B.him C.his D.her

11.______schoolbag is beautiful.But ______is more beautiful.A.Jims my B.Jim’s mine C.Jim’s me D.Jims’ 12.______ am a boy and ______

is a girl.A.My she B.I her C.I she D.Mine she 13.I like ______new dress.A.She B.her C.hers D.his

14.I often help ______ mother do ______housework家务活。A.me she B.mine her C.my her D.I hers 15.Is that hat No it’s not.It’s.A.your my Toms B.you mine Tom’s C.yours mine Tom D.your mine Tom’s

第五篇：be_going_to的基本用法

be going to 结构用法精讲

一、be going to 的用法点拨 ：be going to 是一种固定结构，它后面要接动词原形。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next week等。

1、用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思。这种主观意图，一般已做过事先安排，故其实现的可能性较大，其主语常是人。

We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们打算开班会。（安排）

2、表示根据现有情况、某种迹象，判断将要或即将发生的动作。此时不含有主观意图，只是表示说话人对客观事态发展的判断或推测，此时主语可以是人，也可以是物。例如：

Look at the black clouds.It's going to rain.看那些乌云，快要下雨了。（推测）

I”m not feeling well, I”m going to be ill.我感觉不是很好，可能要生病了。（表示说话人的感觉而已）

二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式 在肯定句中，be going to模样是：主语+be(am / is / are)+ going to +动词原形+其它。

be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形，be随主语人称和数的变化而变化，它一般有三种形式，am , is , are。而going to 固定不变。即：当主语是 I 时用am ；当主语是第三人称单数时用is；当主语是其他人称时用are。

I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去买些东西。

She is going to see Mr.Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。

三、含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法

由于句子中有助动词be，因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易，即在be(am, is, are)的后面加上not 就构成了否定句；把be(am, is, are)放到句首，在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句，其答语为：Yes, 主语+ am/is/are./ No, 主语+ isn't/aren't./ No, I'm not.不过 I am...在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you....?”。例如：

They are going to see the car factory next week.(肯定句)They are not going to see the car factory next week.(否定句)—Are they going to see the car factory next week?

—Yes, they are.(No, they aren't.)(一般疑问句及其回答)

四、使用be going to 应注意的几点

1．There be 句型的be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be...(注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。)常用来表示将有某事发生。例如：

There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。

2．come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如：

Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。

They are going to the park next Friday.下星期五他们打算去公园。

3.“be going to +动词原形”结构与表示将来的时间状语是否连用，在意思上有所差别。如果其后有明确的时间状语，则表示该动作或状态发生的可能性较大；反之，则表示一种推测，表示未来可能发生的事情。例如：

There is going to be a film in our school this evening.今晚我们学校将有一场电影。（一定会发生）Hurry up!We are going to be late.快点！我们要迟到了。（仅表示一种推测）

4.be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，请问该怎么区分它们？ be going to 与 will 有如下几点区别：

⑴be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.⑵.be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill.He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.⑶.be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.⑷.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.