第一篇：7A英语期末复习资料翻译句子
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翻译句子
1.我们的数学老师戴着眼镜。她非常有礼貌而且乐于助人。
Our ________ teacher ________________.She is ________ and ________very much..2.西蒙今天穿了一件白色衬衫。white shirt today.3.爸爸有时不在家，但很了解我。，4.他们讲故事讲得好。这些故事听上去都很棒。
They are ______ _____5.我们当中许多人喜欢玩电脑游戏。
enjoy.6.周末的时候我也喜欢和朋友们在电话里聊天。
At the on the phone my 7.进入泳池前请穿好泳衣。
Please a swimsuit before you into the8.我希望你和家人一切安好。
I you andare all.9.我叔叔通常在早上跑步半小时。
My uncle goesforin the
morning.10.他的爸爸妈妈同一天出生。
________ on the same day.11.A: 那个牌子上说什么？
? B: 会员专用。B: For
12.我最喜欢的运动是打排球。我每个星期四下午打排球。
Myisvolleyball.I play it every _____________
afternoon.13.Daniel每周去两次电脑俱乐部。
Danielto thea week.14.Amy和我喜欢坐在大树下一起闲聊。
Amy and Ibig tree andwith.15.A: 今天的报纸上有什么滑稽的消息吗？B: 没什么。
A: there anyin today’s ? B: Nothing really.16.许多澳大利亚人正在学习中文，因为他们想要更多地了解中国。
12999英语网 en.12999.com
Many Australians are nowChinese because they want to
about China.17.现在是十二点，该吃午饭了。It’s twelve o’clock.It’s __________________ lunch..18.他很忙没有时间和约见朋友。
He’s very___________ and ___________ have time to ___________his friends.19.医生要求我们离开。The doctor____________ us to ________________.20.谢谢你参加我的生日聚会。__________ you for ___________ to my birthday party.21．你有小刀吗？ 抱歉，我没有。You have any?
Sorry,I have any.22.我想要一条新牛仔裤。Ia newjeans.23.香港是个特殊的地方，它有着许多源于不同国家的节日。
Hong Kong is a _________ place.It _________ many __________ from __________
countries.24.在中秋节，人们用月饼招待客人。
At __________ Festival, people give guests mooncakes __________ __________
__________.25.不要敲门，没人在家。Don’t __________ __________ the door.Nobody is at home.26.让我们来做盏小桔灯吧。Let’s _______ a little lantern _________________an orange.27.阳光透过窗子照射进来，房间开始变得暖和起来。
The sunlight _________ __________ the window and the room __________ to be
__________.28.从晚上9:00到午夜，唐人街将有舞狮表演。
There will be __________ __________ in Chinatown from 9:00p.m.to __________.29.他们通过吃粽子来庆祝端午节。
They celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival ___________________ rice dumplings.30.中国人用许多方式来庆祝春节。
The Chinese celebrate Chinese new year ________________________.31在万圣节，Wendy喜欢装扮成鬼去作弄人。
At Halloween, Wendy loves ______ _____________ a ghost to _____________
______others.32.明天将有一场足球比赛。There __________________ a football match tomorrow.33.柠檬尝起来味道一点也不好，但很多人喜欢在茶中加一点柠檬汁。
Lemons taste _________ _________ many people like to
have some lemon in their tea.34.吃点巧克力吧！它能给我们呆会儿锻炼提供能量。
Have some chocolate!It can give for later.35.我改变了我的生活方式。我现在不再去网吧打游戏了。
.I don’t go to the net bars and play computer
games36.这蛋糕太甜了，我再不吃了，因为我不想变胖。
The cake is.I ____________want to eat it __________
___________because I don’t want to
37.我很少吃水果和蔬菜,妈妈说吃水果和蔬菜对我们的身体健康有好处。
I________ ________fruits or vegetables.Mother saysgood
_______ our
38.早晨朗读英语非常重要。________ ________to read English in the morning.39.在八佰伴的顶楼有一个电脑游戏中心。
There a computeron theof YAOHAN.40.看！王先生正跟在王太太后面，手里还提着许多购物袋。
Look!Mr.Wangafter Mrs.Wang and helots of.41.A: 你现在能付这双鞋的钱了吗？B: 对不起。我的钱不够，我得等我妈妈来。
A: Can you the shoes now?
B: Sorry.I don’t have42.我认为那个购物中心需要更多一些中餐馆。
I think the mallsome Chinese 43.那盘DVD你是向谁借来的？Who do youthe DVD 44.他经常向父母要零花钱。
He oftenhis parentsmoney.45.去年的服装打折扣。
There is alast clothes.46.我妈妈花了100 yuan买了这个足球。
My mother 100 yuanthis football.47.在今天的报纸上我看见了一则广告。
I sawintoday’snewspaper.48.导游正领着参观者参观长城。
The guide the visitors the Great Wall.49.我还想喝些牛奶。
I wantmilk.50.这个学校的学生每年为希望工程捐一些钱。
The students in this schooltoevery
year.51.不同国家的人们穿不同的服装。
Peoplewear.52.那个戴着太阳镜的模特儿看上去很酷,他的鞋子很配他的裤子。
The modelsun-glasses very.His shoes
well.53.那双红靴子看上去既神气又时髦，但穿起来不太舒服。
The red look and , butnot
very 54.那是我第一次在T型台上表演。
It theIthe show on the catwalk.55.今天她梳着二十世纪八十年代的发型。
She has a ________________.56.我们还需要两名女医生。
We needdoctors.57.请试戴一下这顶帽子，它可能很适合你。
58.他以全家的名义向贫困学生捐款1000元。
Hethe whole family.59.我不知道怎样使用这台电脑。
I don’60.巧克力里糖分太多，注意你的牙齿。
There is sugar in chocolate,Please be61.镇江确实是一个旅游的好地方。
Zhenjiang is a62.他想买一辆和我的自行车一样的自行车。
bikemine.
第二篇：英语复习资料--翻译
Unit 1-1 1.史密斯太太对我报怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。
Mrs.Smith Complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.2.我坚信，阅读简写的（simplified）英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.3.我认为我们在保护环境不受污染（pollution）方面做得还不够。
I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution.4.除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。
Apart from/in addition to writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation.5.我们从可靠消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们的英语口语。
We have learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term.6.经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且会帮助你培养说的技巧。
Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you to build your speaking skills.7.如果你对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我，我将更详细地进行讲解。
If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me.And I’ll explain them in greater detail.8.那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语，这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因
The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese.That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.Unit 2 1.幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了医院。
Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once.2.胜利登上乔治岛后，船长向指挥部发了一份无线电报。
After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to his headquarters.3.他决心继续他的实验，不过这次他将用另一种办法来做。
He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he’ll do it another way.4.她读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。
When she read the novel, she couldn’t help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside.5.玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself.6.我们认为他不能在一刻种内走完那段距离，但他却成功地做到了这一点。
We didn’t think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it.7.甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。
Even after his doctor told him he had lung cancer, Chichester would not give up his old dream of sailing round the world.8.我正忙着做一种新的捕鼠(rats)装置时，马克走来拖着我出去看花展了。
I was busy making a new device for catching rats when Mark came and dragged me out to a flower show.Unit 3 1.那位赏似乎很乐意在剧中扮演一个次要角色。
That famous actor seemed content to play a minor part in the play.2.国庆节要到了，咱们把寝室彻底打扫一下吧。
National days is round the corner.Let’s give our bedroom a thorough clean.3.她非常勉强地同意让一位年青的医生为她作手术。
She agreed, very reluctantly, to be operated on by a young doctor.4.他们已经安排她让我们明天去游览长城，我相信我们在那儿一定会玩得很开心。
They’ve arranged for us to visit the Great Wall tomorrow.I’m sure we’ll have a good time there(we’ll enjoy ourselves there).5.老人读完信后失望之极，竟用颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。
After reading the letter the old man was so disappointed that he tore it into little bits with trembling fingers.6.老两口为他们的孙子感到骄傲，因为他在第二十六届奥运会上获得了两块金牌和一枚铜牌。
The old couple were proud of their grandson, who got/won two gold medals and one bronze medal at the 26rd Olympic Games.7.即使他的祖母不能来参加他的生日宴会，她也会寄给他一件可爱的礼物，对这一点汤姆深信不疑。
Ever if his grandmother could not come to his birthday party, she would send him a lovely present.Tom was sure of that.8.昨天是玛丽的二十岁生日，她父亲寄给她一双靴子，她母亲为她买了一盒巧克力糖，而她的男朋友则给她一束红玫瑰。
It was Mary’s twentieth birthday yesterday.Her father sent her a pair of boots.Her mother bought her a box of chocolates.And her boy friend brought her a bunch of red roses.
第三篇：复习资料翻译句子
翻译部分复习资料：（考试题上没有括号中的提示）
1.背离传统需要极大的勇气。（departure，enormous）
It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.2．很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。（creative，desirable）
Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.3．假设（assume）那幅画确实是名作（masterpiece），你觉得值得购买吗？（worthwhile）
Assuming(that)this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it?
4．如果这些数据统计是站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。（throw light on，investigate，valid）
If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.5．教育是我们家庭最看重的传统，这就是为什么我父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最好的私立学校上学。（cherish）
Education is the most cherished tradition in our family.That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.6．与我们的富裕邻居相比，我们的父母就相当穷了，但是他们总是努力满足我们最起码的需求。（affluent，minimal）
In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.7．科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗？（proof）
Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?
8．计划委员会已经将建核电厂的可能地点缩小到了两个沿海城镇。（location，narrow down）
The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.9．有十二人组成的陪审团（jury）一致表决认为玛丽有罪（guilty）。（consist of，in unison）
A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.10．研究表明，笑能够带来许多健康上的好处。（laughter）
Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits.F
11．互联网连接速度慢真让人心烦。（connection，annoy）
A slow Internet connection speed is really annoying.12．法律规定，帮助他人自杀是犯罪。（suicide，crime）
As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime.13．玛丽在她的报告中试图从一个完全不同的角度来解释这些数据。（interpret，angle，data）
In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle.14．苏是一个很有天份的女孩，她那惊人的记忆力使她在同班同学中显得格外突出。（of great talent，set apart）
Sue is a girl of great talent.Her amazing memory sets her apart from her classmates.15．是工人和主管人员的创造力和敬业精神将这个公司变成了一个盈利的企业。（it is … that，dedication）
It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turned the company into a profitable business.16．食品和医药的价格在过去三个月里急剧增长。（soar）
The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months.17．他的成功标明流行与艺术价值有时候是一致的。（coincide）
His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide.18．如果猎人没有看到一群象朝他的营地（campsite）走来，他就不会开枪。（a herd of）
The hunter would not have fired the shots if he had not seen a herd of elephants coming towards his campsite.19．自从新政策生效之后，很多小企业在这个城市涌现出来。（spring up）
Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.20．学校新添的音乐厅可以帮助它培养年轻的音乐天才（addition，nourish）
The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.21．这是一个繁荣的小镇，但是在财富和充裕之中仍然存在着贫困。（prosperous，in the midst，abundance）
This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst of wealth and abundance.22．布朗一家遭受了一个接一个的不幸，但是他们家的孩子们从来没有抱怨。（misfortune，complain）
The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but their children never complained.23．这个博物馆的设计让它与周围的环境完全和谐。（in harmony with，surrounding）
The museum is designed in such a way that it stands in perfect harmony with its surroundings.24．这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for)
How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week?
25．他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to)
The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.26．我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into)
We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on.27． 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite)
Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents.28． 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor)
Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation.29． 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to;by no means)
The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer.30． 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on)
The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.31． 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.)
This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.32．你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too...to...)
You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.33.由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with)
Their relationship did meet with some difficulties at the beginning because of cultural differences.34.虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs;all along)
Though he has had ups and downs, I believed all along that he would succeed someday.35．有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？(Use “it” as the formal subject)
It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.36． 不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as)
It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.37． 我十分感激你给我的帮助。(be grateful for)
I'm very grateful to you for all the help you have given me.38． 由于缺乏资金，他们不得不取消了创业计划。(starve of)
Being starved of funds, they had to cancel their plan to start a business.39． 就像机器需要经常运转一样，身体也需要经常锻炼。(as...so...)
(Just)as a machine needs regular running, so does the body need regular exercise.40． 真实情况是，不管是好是坏，随着新科技的进步，世界发生了变化。(for
better or worse)
The reality is that, for better or worse, the world has changed with the advance of new technologies.41． 当地政府负责运动会的安全。(take charge of)
The local government took charge of the security for the sports meeting.42.我对大自然了解得越多，就越痴迷于大自然的奥秘。(the more...the more...)
The more I learned about the nature, the more absorbed I became in its mystery.43.医生建议说，有压力的人要学会做一些新鲜有趣、富有挑战性的事情，好让自己的负面情绪有发泄的渠道。(recommend that...should...)
The doctor recommends that those stressed people should try something new, interesting and challenging in order to give their negative feelings an outlet.44.相比之下，美国的父母更趋向于把孩子的成功归因于天赋。(attribute to)
By contrast, American parents are more likely to attribute their children's success to natural talent.45.教师首先要考虑的事情之一是唤起学生的兴趣，激发他们的创造性。(priority;stimulate)
One of a teacher's priorities is to stimulate students' interests and their creativity.46.虽然我理解你说的话，但是我不同意你在这个问题上的看法。(Use “while” in the sense of “although”)
While I understand what you say, I don't agree with you on the issue.47.我认为警察的职责就是保护人民。(be meant to do sth.)
I think the police are meant to protect people.48.昨天我去看他，却发现他已于几天前出国了。(only to do sth.)
I went to see him yesterday, only to find that he had gone abroad several days before.49.要是我没说那些愚蠢的话该多好!那时我太年轻，不能明辨是非。(if only;distinguish right from wrong)
If only I hadn't said those silly words!I was too young then to distinguish right from wrong.50．我这么多年来如此努力，我觉得自己应该有个好的前途。(be entitled to)
I have been working hard for so many years;I feel I am entitled to a good future.
第四篇：英语期末复习资料
Cloze answer U2(P50)BCADA CABCA DDABC CACBA U3(P80)CACBD BCDAB CBCBA CDABA U4(P109)BCBAD BDBCA BCACD ACACA
Translation U1 六年前，作者经历了一场惊险的旅程。这次经历让他印象深刻，因为他在这场紧急的事故中找到了真正的英雄。一个周五的早上，航班前往亚特兰大。飞机起飞不久，飞行员向乘客通报紧急情况：一个引擎失控了，液压系统已经失灵了。更糟糕的是，他们都将会坠机。忽然间，机舱里一片恐慌。许多乘客脸色苍白，四周都在哭喊。在混乱中，一把温柔冷静的妇女声音传来，她正在安慰自己的女儿。母亲似乎没有被四周的悲伤和恐惧影响。即使面对死亡，她依然坚定的告诉女儿她有多么爱她，她把女儿包裹在怀里，尽可能的保护她。幸运的是，飞机安全着陆。母亲对女儿的那份爱向人们展示了什么是真正的勇气。
The author went through a breathtaking travel six years ago and the experience impressed him deeply because he found a real hero in that emergency.On one Friday morning, a flight headed for Atlanta.Soon after the plane took off, the pilot announced the urgent crisis that one engine was broken and the hydraulic system had failed.Worse still, they might be about to crash.Suddenly, panic spread all over the crowd.Many passengers lookgrim and pale.All around, people cried and screamed.In the chaos, there was a soft and calm voice from a woman who was trying to comfort her daughter.The mother seemed undisturbed by the sounds of grief and fear around her.Even when facing death, the mother still told her daughter firmly about how much she loved her, and put her body over her daughter, trying to protect her as much as she could.Fortunately, the plane landed safely.No one was hurt in the emergency.However, the mother’s love for her daughter showed people what real courage was.U2 我告诉他，我绊倒在地时听到了撕裂声。然而我的丈夫，不但不理会我说的，而且声称，一定是我的鞋带问题。所以，即便我的脚肿的像个气球，但我们并不知道我的脚崴了，因为他没有送我去看医生。在去机场的12个小时的飞行中，他把我一个人扔在借来的轮椅上，完全没有注意到我要去洗手间的手势。
I told him that I heard a snapping sound when I stumble and fell.But he, my husband, not only dismissed what I said but also contended that it must have been the strap on my shoes snapping.Therefore, we didn’t know my foot was broken because he didn’t send me to a doctor even though my foot was swollen like a balloon.During the 12-hour flight to the airport, he left me alone in the borrowed wheelchair and pretended that he didn’t notice my gestures indicating the need of going to the bathroom.U3 你可以找到缓解压力的方法，并很快重新掌握自己的身体。你也可以学会如何先使身体放松，随之带动精神放松。你也可以学看如何放松精神进而掌控自己的工作状态。一旦压力消退，人们就会很快解决工作中出现的问题。
You can find relief from stress and regain control fairly quickly.You can learn how to relax your body, and then your mind will follow.You can also learn to relax your mind and take control of your work situations.Once the stress is gone they tend to solve their work problems very quickly.U4 当天，我走进教室，听到了一些议论声。议论的是一个来自中国的大一女生，这引起了我的关注。我想见下这位神秘的女孩，我确实见了。助理院长让我带这个女孩去安排下午的事情，我们的旅程开始了。第一站是她的宿舍，房间的一半非常干净，以至于难以说清这是否有人住，房间的另一半则是一片狼藉。当然，干净整洁的这半边是中国女孩的。
This day, as I entered my class, some gossip came into my ears.It was about a new freshmangirl from China, who aroused my curiosity.I wanted to meet the mysterious figure and I did.The Assistant Dean called me over to take the girl to her afternoon activity.So we started our journey.The first stop was her dorm.Half of the room was so tidy that it was hard to tell whether there was existence of human beings.The other half was totally a mess.Of course, the neat half belonged to the Chinese girl.U5 我们所拥有的资产会快速贬值的原因是一旦我们已经拥有了，就会对之失去兴趣。在这种情况下，我们就可以用这些物品进行合作消费。相关研究人员告诉我们传统的分享已经变身为租赁业务，并将在未来十年中蓬勃发展。考虑到人口的快速增长，集体消费将完全符合“资源共享，以物易物，贸易，租赁”这一新的趋势。在进行合作消费时，如何理顺合作关系将成为最具挑战的问题：在同一时间，人们都需要同一件物品怎么办？在这个资源越来越少的世界，我们别无选择，只能与他人，甚至陌生人一起分享财富，这未尝不是一个明智的选择。The reason why the value of the assets we possess depreciates quickly is that we already have the ownership and we may lose interest in them.Under this circumstance, these items can be used for collaborative consumption.The relevant shows us that traditional sharing already transformed into rental business which will thrive in the following decade.Considering the growth of population, collaborative consumption conforms to the trend– sharing, bartering, trading and renting.The biggest challenge of collaborative consumption is streamlining operations because people may need or want the same item at the same time.In this on-going world with resources which are declining in amount, we have no choice but to collaborate with others, even strangers to spread the wealth.
第五篇：英语期末翻译
2）画蛇添足（西汉）刘向
楚有祠者，赐其舍人卮酒。舍人相谓曰：“数人饮之不足，一人饮之有余。请画地为蛇，先成者饮酒。” 一人蛇先成，引酒且饮之，乃左手持卮，右手画蛇曰：“我能为之足！”未成，一人之蛇成夺取卮曰：“蛇固无足，子安能为之足？”遂饮其酒。为蛇足者，终亡其酒。白话译文：
古代楚国有个人祭过祖宗以后，把一壶酒赏给来帮忙祭祀的门客一壶酒。门客们互相商量说：“大家一起喝这壶酒不足够，一个人喝它还有剩余。要求大家在地上画蛇，先画好的人喝这壶酒。”一个人最先完成了，拿起酒壶准备饮酒，却左手拿着酒壶，右手画蛇，说：“我能够为它画脚。”他还没有把脚画完，另一个人的蛇画好了，抢过他的酒壶，说：“蛇本来就没有脚，你怎么能给它画脚呢?”话刚说完，就把那壶酒喝完了。那个给蛇画脚的人，最终失掉了那壶酒。
英译：The Man Who Draws a Snake and Adds Feet to It
By Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty A native of Chu after worshipping his ancestors gave his retainers a pot of wine.One of the retainers said, “It is insufficient for all of us, but too much for one of us.I suggest, therefore, that we draw snakes on the ground, and the one who first finishes drawing the snake will win the pot of wine.” When one retainer had completed his drawing, he took the pot to drink.As he held it in his left hand, he continued to draw the snake with his right hand, saying: “I can add feet to it.” While he was adding feet to his snake, another man who had then drawn his snake snatched the pot from his hand, protesting: “No snake has feet.How can you add feet to it?” Then he took the wine.The man who added feet to the snake lost his prize at last.参考译文： 1）根据传说，伏羲生于中国西部，出生之前在其母腹中孕育了12年。伏羲教会了人类打猎、捕鱼、驯养野兽、饲养家禽。伏羲制定了人类的嫁娶制度，教会人们劈柴取火和烹煮食物；此外，他还通过龟背上的裂纹创立了八卦，这些八卦成为数学、医学、占卜学和风水的基础。伏羲创造了中华民族的图腾龙，被认为是中国历史上第一个真正的统治者。
1）Fuxi was born in the west part of China and, according to legend, he was carried in his mother’s womb for twelve years before birth.He taught people how to hunt, fish, domesticate animals and tend their flocks.He instituted marriage and taught people how to devise tools to split wood, kindle fire and cook food.He devised the Trigrams, which evolved from markings on tortoise shells.These trigrams served as the basis for mathematics, medicine, pination and geomancy.Furthermore, he created the Chinese dragon as the totem of the nation and was considered as the first real ruler.1）儒家的创始人是孔子（公元前551—479），他提出了一套道德规范，基于五种美德：仁、义、礼、智、信。其中“仁”被认为是他的哲学理念的基石，代表着忠诚、孝道(filial piety)、宽容和善良。他还提倡人与人之间和谐相处、按照行为规范标准建立生活社区。他的追随者之一孟子(公元前372-289)不断地向统治者们游说，试图说服他们修身养德，为人典范，以仁政赢得人民的尊重。1）Confucius(551—479 BC)was the founder of Confucianism.He advocated a set of moral code on basis of five merits: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and trustworthiness.Among them, benevolence was considered as the cornerstone of his philosophy, which stands for faithfulness, filial piety, tolerance and kindness.He also requested people to keep in good harmony with each other and establish a community ruled by standard manners and behavior.One of his followers, Mencius(372-289BC), repeatedly tried to convince rulers that the ruler should cultivate moral perfection in order to set a good example to the people and the ruler who governed benevolently would earn the respect of the people.2）中国哲学有着几千年的历史，其起源可以追溯到《易经》，其中介绍一些最重要的中国哲学概念。自始至终中国哲学的核心就是对人与社会的现实关注、如何过理想的生活，以及如何去组织社会。伦理（ethics）和政治哲学(political philosophy)常常要超越在形而上学（metaphysics）和现象学（epistemology）理论之上。中国哲学的另一个特征是反映了自然和自我，因而产生了天人合一、人在天地之间的位置，以及对差异（differentiation）和变化的阐释。2）Chinese philosophy has a history of several thousand years;its origins are often traced back to the I Ching(the Book of Changes), which introduced some of the most fundamental terms of Chinese philosophy.The central focus of Chinese philosophy throughout the ages has been a practical concern with man and society, how to live an ideal life, and how best to organize society.Ethics and political philosophy have often taken precedence over metaphysics and epistemology.Another characteristic of Chinese philosophy has been reflections on nature and the self, which has resulted in the development of themes like unity between man and Heaven, the place of man in the cosmic order, and the explanations of differentiation and change.1)“送别”是唐诗里常见的主题。通过赠诗给一个即将离别的友人，诗人常常表达自己的悲伤之情。送别诗里常用的意象(image)有音乐、酒和柳枝。音乐是送别仪式必不可少的部分。音乐通常由琵琶等古典乐器演奏，旋律优美而悲伤。在这种场合，喝酒也是必要的。也许这是因为酒能够让人得到安慰，忘却生活中的烦恼以及与友人离别的愁绪。送别的另一个风俗便是为友人送上柳枝。因为“柳”和“留”同音。通过这种方式，诗人就表达了让友人永远留下来的愿望。
‘Parting’ was a common theme in Tang poetry.By writing a poem to a friend who was leaving, the poet usually showed his sorrow and sadness.Images frequently used in a parting poem included music, liquor and a willow twig.Music was an important section of the parting ceremony.The music, which was often melodious and sorrowful, was played by traditional instruments such as ‘Pipa’.Drinking liquor was also a necessary part on these occasions.Perhaps it was because liquor could console people and help them forget troubles in life and the sadness of parting from a friend.Another custom was giving a willow twig to the leaving friend, since ‘willow’ in Chinese has the same pronunciation of that of ‘stay’.In this way, the poet expressed his wish that his friend stay with him forever.2)《红楼梦》（Dream of the Red Chamber）是中国文学“四大名著”之一。它写于18世纪中叶，并被认为是中国文学中的杰作(masterpiece)以及中国小说史上的顶峰。许多学者都致力于该作品的研究，而这个研究领域也被称作“红学”(Redology)。人们通常认为该小说反映了作者曹雪芹自己的经历以及他家族的兴衰。该书的优秀之处不仅在于它的情节和人物塑造(characterization)，同时也在于它对当时社会生活结构的精确、细节的描写。几个世纪以来，小说中的许多词句已经融入了中国人的日常语言。由此可见该书经久不衰的魅力。
2）Dream of the Red Chamber is one of the ‘Four Great Classical Novels’ of Chinese literature.It was written in the middle of the 18th century and considered as a masterpiece of Chinese literature as well as the peak of Chinese fiction.Many scholars are devoted to the study of this novel and the field of study is known as ‘Redology’.The novel is usually thought to be reflecting the experience of the author Cao Xueqin and the rise and decline of his own family.It is remarkable for not only its plot and characterization, but also its precise and detailed observation of the life and social structures of that time.For centuries, a huge number of words and expressions from the novel have already been incorporated into the daily language of Chinese people, which demonstrates the ever-lasting charm of the book.1）中国古代教育在中国文化中起着举足轻重的作用。中国古代教育最早可以追溯到周朝中后期诸子百家的教育思想。古代中国的教育给人们提供了一个平等的发展机会，即使出身贫寒的人也有可能步入仕途。春秋时期，伟大的教育家孔子打破“学在官府”的陈规。私人学堂盛行。不同的学派通过学堂传播他们的思想主张，出现了百家争鸣的局面。
1)Education played a vital role in ancient Chinese culture.The origin of ancient Chinese education dates back to the educational ideas of the ―Hundred Schools of Thought‖ in the middle and late Zhou Dynasty.It provided people equal chance for development.Inpiduals from even the humblest backgrounds could rise to higher level.In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, the great educator, broke the rule of learning at the government hall.Private schools prevailed and many scholars of different schools of thought spread their teaching in this way and this led to the flourishing and contending of hundreds of schools.2）孔子既是教育家又是哲学家。他的思想理论规范影响着人们的伦理、道德、生活等方方面面。孔子思想的特征之一是他十分强调教育与学习。在思与学的关系上，他认为学思并重。他认为，“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”对孔子来说，道德教育是最重要的。孔子的目的是培养举止优雅、言谈得体、遇事周全的谦谦君子。
2)Confucius was an educator as well as a philosopher.His thoughts and theories had impact on people in many aspects such as ethics, moral principles and rules of life.One of the features of Confucius’ thoughts is his emphasis on education and learning.In the relationship between learning and thinking, he believed.that learning and thinking were equally important.He believed that, ―Learning without thought is labor lost;thought without learning is perilous.‖ He considered moral education the most important.Confucius’s goal was to create gentlemen who would carry themselves with grace, speak correctly, and demonstrate integrity in all things.1）沈括是宋朝的著名官员、军事将领。他的不朽名著《梦溪笔谈》(Dream Pool Essays)记载了包括地质学、天文学、活字印刷（movable type printing）、植物学和动物学等各种学科。该书是中国历史上最早使用“石油”这一名称的著作，为自然科学做出了卓越贡献。沈括与当时的很多人不同，他以一种客观而思辨的态度观察自然现象。他提出了用阳历代替阴历的主张，立春为岁首，大月31天，小月30天。
1）Shen Kuo was a highly renowned government official and military general of the Song Dynasty.Shen Kuo’s immortal masterpiece Dream Pool Essays records various fields of study including geology, astronomy, movable type printing, botany and zoology etc.In the book, the word ―shiyou‖(petroleum)was used for the first time in the literature of Chinese history, which was his remarkable contribution to science.Unlike most people in his time, Shen Kuo took an objective and speculative viewpoint on natural phenomena.He advocated that the solar calendar be used to replace the lunar calendar, with thirty-one or thirty days a month and ―lichun‖(―Start of Spring‖ according to lunisolar calendar)as the beginning of a year.2）徐光启（1562年～1633年）是中国明朝的数学家和农业科学家。他身为政府高官，最早将西方科技成就引入中国，也是明朝末年最早信奉天主教的文人。天主教早期之所以在中国传播，得力于一些中国政府官员和文人的帮助，特别是徐光启。徐光启撰写了《农政全书》（Complete Treatise on Agriculture）这部农业百科全书。该书基本上囊括了诸如农田灌溉、农具制作、植树放牧及生产养蚕等古代农业生产和人民生活的各个方面。
2)Xu Guangqi(1562-1633)was a Chinese mathematician and agricultural scientist in the Ming Dynasty.As a top official, Xu was perceived as a pioneer introducing Western scientific achievements in China and also the first intellectual believer in Catholicism in the late Ming Dynasty.The spread of Catholicism in China in the early ages owed much to some officials and intellectuals, especially Xu Guangqi.Xu compiled Complete Treatise on Agriculture, an agricultural encyclopedia.The book basically includes all the subjects concerned about various domains in the life and production of ancient Chinese people, such as irrigation, farm tools, planting trees, herding, manufacturing, and silkworm breeding.1）中国龙是吉祥的生灵，象征着力量、智慧、好运和掌控风和水的威力。因此，中国人自豪地称自己是龙的传人（descendants）。龙被尊崇为雨神（the God of Rain）。在干旱或水灾发生时，人们会去当地的龙王庙（dragon-king temple）烧香祈求情况的好转。龙对雨水和海浪的控制也和其在12生肖中的地位密切相关。关于这12种动物为确保能榜上有名所进行的竞赛有各种传说，但顺序是按动物最活跃的时间点确定的。龙对应于7点至9点，此时最有可能会雾气蒙蒙，而龙却能腾云驾雾。
1）The Chinese dragon is an auspicious creature, symbolizing strength, wisdom, good luck and power over the elements of wind and water.As such, Chinese people proudly claim they are the descendants of the dragon.The dragon was worshiped as the God of Rain, and in times of drought or flooding, locals would visit a dragon-king temple and burn incense to pray for more favorable conditions.The dragon's power to control rain and waves is also closely related to its rank in the 12 zodiac animals.Various tales describe the race of these 12 animals to secure their place on the list, but the sequence is determined by the time of day when the animal is most active.The dragon corresponds to 7 am to 9 am, when it is most likely to be foggy, allowing the dragon to ride atop clouds and mist.2）风水，字面意即为―风和水‖，可追溯至中国战国时期（公元前475-221）。在古代，也被称为堪舆。按传统，建造房屋、楼群、定居点和陵墓前都要先咨询风水大师。风水一度是中国传统文化中的重要组成部分，它依据诸如道家和《易经》等中国古代哲学学说，强调了人与环境的和谐共存。看风水的做法从地理、建筑、伦理和预言等方面，提倡了道家的天、地、人合一的理念。风水被赋予神秘感。事实上，古时它是被广泛应用于东方建筑的一种古老艺术。中国的许多著名的文化名胜，包括北京的故宫，都是按照风水原则设计的。风水学对中国社会产生了深远的影响并为大众所接受。
2)Feng shui, literally ―wind and water‖, dates from China’s Warring States Period(475-221 BC).In ancient times, the practice was also called kanyu.Traditionally, a feng shui master was consulted before houses, buildings, settlements or tombs were constructed.Based on ancient Chinese philosophies, including Taoism and Yijing, feng shui was once an important part of traditional Chinese culture and emphasizes the harmonious coexistence of humans and their environment.Following the disciplines of geography, architecture, ethics and prophecy, the practice also promotes the Taoist principle that the earth, sky and mankind are part of a single whole.Feng shui is considered mysterious.In fact, it is an ancient art widely used to orient buildings in olden times.Many of China’s well-known cultural monuments, including the Forbidden City in Beijing, were designed using feng shui principles.Feng shui has a profound effect on Chinese society and is widely embraced by the public.1）首都北京是中华人民共和国政治、文化和行政管理的中心，是一个新旧交融、魅力无限的大都市(metropolis)。北京作为人类居住地的历史已超过了3000多年。作为世界上少数未傍主要河道而建的内陆首都之一，北京将自己长期显赫的历史归功于战略性的地理位置。北京位于北纬39o56'，东经116o20', 雄踞于华北平原(the North China Plain)的最北部；西北部是山西省和内蒙古大草原(he Inner Mongolian Steppe)，东向是渤海(the Bohai Sea)。
1）Beijing, as the capital city, is the political, cultural and administrative center of the People’s Republic of China, as well as a fascinating metropolis that mixes the old and new.Beijing as a settlement has a history of more than 3,000 years.It is one of the few inland capitals in the world that is not built beside a major river, which owes its long prominence to its strategic geographical position.Beijing is situated at 39o56' North Latitude and 116o20' East Longitude, majestically reposing on the northmost part of the North China Plain;to the northwest lie Shanxi Province and the Inner Mongolian Steppe, and towards the east is the Bohai Sea.2）胡同即狭窄的街道或巷子，在中国北方的城市很常见，其中又以北京的胡同最为著名。在北京，很多街区是这样形成的：四合院(Chinese quadrangle)彼此相连形成胡同，进而胡同彼此相连形成街区。胡同是北京文化要素的代表。由于北京悠久的历史和六朝古都的地位，几乎每个胡同都有其轶事趣闻(anecdotes)，一些胡同甚至还与历史事件紧密相关。与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和精英文化(elite culture)相比，胡同反应了北京的平民文化。
2）Hutongs are a type of narrow streets or alleys, commonly associated with northern Chinese cities, most prominently Beijing.In Beijing, many neighborhoods were formed by joining one Chinese quadrangle(siheyuan)to another to form a hutong, and then joining one hutong to another.Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing.Thanks to Beijing’s long history and status as capital for six dynasties, almost every hutong has its anecdotes, and some are even associated with historic events.In contrast to the court life and elite culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.1）茶之为物，能引导我们进入一个默想人生的世界。采茶必须天气清明的清早，当山上的空气极为清新，露水的芬芳尚留于叶上时，所采的茶叶方称上品。因此，茶是凡间纯洁的象征，在采制烹煮(infusion)的手续中，都须十分清洁。采摘烘焙(fermenting)，烹煮取饮之时，手上或杯壶中略有油腻不洁，便会使它丧失美味。所以也只有在眼前和心中毫无富丽繁华的景象和念头时，方能真正的享受它。(节选自林语堂《茶与交友》)
1)There is something in the nature of tea that leads us into a world of quiet contemplation of life.Picked at early dawn on a clear day, when the morning air on mountain top was clear and thin, and the fragrance of dews was still upon the leaves, tea is still associated with the fragrance and refinement of the magic dew in its enjoyment.Tea is then symbolic of earthly purity, requiring the most fastidious(严苛的)cleanliness in its preparation.From picking, fermenting and preserving to its final infusion and drinking, easily upset or spoiled by the slightest contamination of oily hands or oily cups.Consequently, its enjoyment is appropriate in an atmosphere where all ostentation(虚饰)or suggestion of luxury is banished from one's eyes and one's thoughts.（Excerpted from ―Tea and Friendship‖ by Lin Yutang）
2)书法作品跟舞蹈艺术一样可以展现肢体和动作的美感。相互之间能吸收灵感。张旭，唐代草书（cursive-script calligraphy）大家，以韵律独特和风格豪放而著称。传说，他观舞蹈名家公孙一舞而悟，书法大有长进。舞者通过独特的节奏和利落的动作展示了诸如活泼、喜悦、悲伤、愤怒、渴望、需求、勇气和灵感等多种魅力和和情感。张旭草书、李白诗歌和裴旻剑舞被当朝皇帝誉为三绝。
2)Calligraphic works can demonstrate the beauty of both the body and movement, like the art of dance.They can absorb inspiration from each other.Zhang Xu, a cursive-script calligraphy master of the Tang Dynasty, was famous for distinctive rhythms and a wild style.Legend says that he made swift progress in his calligraphy after he got inspiration from a dance performed by the famous dancer Gongsun.Through distinctive rhythms and neat movements, the dancer demonstrates various kinds of charms and emotions such as vividness, joy, sadness, anger, aspiration, demand, boldness and inspiration.The cursive-script calligraphic works by Zhang Xu, the poems by Li Bai and the sword dance by Pei Min were praised as the three wonders by the emperor of their time.1）重视教育和尊敬师长是中国悠久的传统美德。中国的第一部教育学专著《学记》(Record of Learning)提出了“教学为先”的思想。三千年前的周代，国家设立了不同规模不同层次的学校，由官员兼任教师。春秋时期，孔子开办了私学，并提出人无论贵贱都有受教育的权利。对教育的重视决定了教师的地位。中国民间有许多尊师的说法，如“一日为师，终生为父”。现在，中国还把每年的9月10日定为“教师节”。
1)It is a long-standing traditional virtue to value education and respect teachers in China.The first monograph about education in China, the Record of Learning, brought up the idea of ―education is the top priority‖.Three thousand years ago, in the Zhou Dynasty, the government set up schools of different scales and levels with officers as teachers.In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius even ran private schools with a slogan that everyone, rich or poor, had the right to receive education.Respect for education determines the status of teachers.There are a lot of sayings that show respect towards teachers, such as ―A teacher for a day is a father for a lifetime‖.Nowadays, September the tenth is designated to be the Teachers’ Day in China.2）孝顺(Filial piety)是中国文化中一个重要的美德，指的是一个人对父母和祖先的尊重。历史上儒家经典作品《孝经》(Classic of Xiao or Filial Piety)一直被认为是该美德的权威(authoritative)来源。该书介绍了如何利用孝顺建立良好的社会。一般而言，孝顺是指善待和照顾父母，尊敬父母、支 持父母、对父母讲礼貌。也指不仅在家对父母在外对他人都要从善，从而为父母带来好名声。虽然中国人一直拥有众多不同宗教信仰，孝顺却几乎是所有人共同的。
1)Filial piety is considered a key virtue in Chinese culture, which is about the respect for one’s parents and ancestors.The Confucian classic, Classic of Xiao or Filial Piety, has historically been the authoritative source on this virtue.The book is about how to set up a good society using the filial piety.In more general terms, filial piety means to be good to and to take care of one's parents, to show respect, support and courtesy to one’s parents.It also means to engage in good conduct not just towards parents but also outside the home so as to bring a good name to one’s parents.Although the Chinese have had a persity of religious beliefs, filial piety has been common to almost all of them.敦煌莫高窟（The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes），也称千佛洞，位于甘肃省敦煌市附近的鸣沙山东路石崖上。它被认为是世界上最大最古老的佛教艺术宝藏。莫高窟的修建始于366年，在唐代达到鼎盛，但到了元朝才竣工。现存492个窟和1045幅壁画(mural)，以及245座彩绘泥塑(clay sculpture)和5个唐宋时期的木质建筑结构。除此之外，莫高窟还存有大量的横跨三国到北宋数个朝代的经文(scripture)、文献和绘画。敦煌莫高窟展示出各类艺术形式的精华，同时也体现了中西方的艺术融合。
1）The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, also known as the One-Thousand-Buddha Grottoes, are located on the eastern, rocky side of Mingsha Mountain, near the city of Dunhuang, Gansu Province.They are regarded as the world's largest and oldest treasure house of Buddhist art.Construction of the Mogao Grottoes began in 366 and reached a peak in the Tang Dynasty, but it was not finished until the Yuan Dynasty.Now, there are 492 grottoes and 1,045 murals in existence.It also features 245 painted clay sculptures, and five wooden architectural structures of the Tang and the Song Dynasties.Besides, there are also a lot of items of scriptures, documents and paintings spanning the period from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Northern Song Dynasty.The Mogao Grottoes show examples of various types of art and demonstrate the integration of Chinese and Western arts.2)《清明上河图》(The Qingming Festival by the Riverside)是由北宋画家张择端(1085–1145)创作完成的。它是一副长528厘米，宽24.8厘米的彩色画卷。该画描述了清明节北宋都城汴京(今河南开封)热闹的街景，整幅画可以分成三部分：郊区景、汴河景以及城市街景。汴河景是该画最为壮观的一部分；而作为政治、经济、文化中心的汴京在北宋的重要地位则在城市街景中得以充分体现。画卷对汴京的建筑、商人和交通的描绘形象地勾勒出北宋的经济繁荣景象。《清明上河图》是一幅伟大的稀世罕见的现实主义画卷。
2)The Qingming Festival by the Riverside（or Along the River during the Qingming Festival）is a painting attributed to Song Dynasty artist Zhang Zeduan(1085–1145).It is a long colored painted scroll with a length of 528cm and a height of 24.8cm.It portrayed the busy street scenes of the capital city Bianjing(now Kaifeng, Henan Province)during the Qingming Festival.The painting can be pided into three parts: scenes of the suburbs, of the Bian River, and of the city streets.The scene of the Bian River is the most magnificent part of the painting.As Bianjing was the political, economic and cultural center of the Northern Song Dynasty, its importance in the empire was fully depicted in the painting's city street scene.The depiction of the architecture, merchants and transportation in Bianjing vividly reflects the economic boom of the Northern Song Dynasty.The Qingming Festival by the Riverside is a great and rare realistic painting.
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