高中英语教学论文 高考英语作文的考前冲刺训练

第一篇：高中英语教学论文 高考英语作文的考前冲刺训练

高考英语作文的考前冲刺训练

[摘要]本文分析高三学生高考前的英语学习状况和英语作文存在的问题，重点论述教师指导考生备战高考英语的教学策略。通过背记英语范文、限时训练、教师面批的方法，有效地提高考生高考英语作文的卷面分数和写作水平。

[关键词]背诵范文、限时训练、教师面批、学生写作能力的提高

一、调整学生考前的训练策略 新课标指出，英语教学的总体目标是培养学生的语言综合运用能力。写作是语言表达的最高形式，提高写作能力是语言教学追求的最高目标和境界。然而，在听、说、读、写四大技能中，写作一直是最容易被忽略的环节。在高考英语备考中，学生普遍存在这样一个误区：大部分学生的英语学习时间多花在语法单项选择题。因为单选题是客观题，只有唯一的答案，做对了有成功感。做错了费时不多，请教老师或同学，很容易得到满意的答复。但客观题注重考查考生的某个知识点在真实语境中的具体运用，尤其是语法知识点，讲究答案的唯一性，比较机械，无法体会语言的活的灵魂。再讲，高考单选题的分值占全卷的15%，而书面表达却占25%。因此，考生考前的复习一定要调整学习策略，备战好英语书面表达，使该题目完全可能成为学生全卷分数的一个增值点。

二、分析学生习作存在的问题，探索写作前的引导过程

高三毕业班的学生经过第一第二轮的语法专项和综合训练，学生积累了一定量的英语词汇，按理英语写作应该不成问题。然而，教师遇到的现象是‘听到写作学生畏难，改到作文教师犯难。”主要原因是学生的英语习作病句多，汉语式表达，表达不到位，复合句使用不当，个别学生依赖或借助电子辞典，文章全篇使用不常见、不通俗、修辞手法不妥的生词或词组，结尾段不够精悍和达意。结果学生的卷面分值只能大打节扣。因此，指导学生开篇布局十分重要。方法如下：（1）.依据不同的文章体裁，启发提问学生应该采用何种主要时态。例如202_年广东高考作文看图写画，介绍中国经典成语故事守株待兔，其主要的时态是一般过去时。（2）.引导提问学生采用何种人称。例如写日记务必用第一人称。（3）.启发提问学生写作中应该使用哪些关键词、词组、复合句，筛选出学生认为合理的较喜欢的承上启下的词语，例如因果类：because, thanks to,时序类：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, 递进类：what’s more, to make the matters worse,并列类：and, as well as, 强调类：especially, 总结类：in short, in a word。该部分的词语，老师编写印发给学生背诵备用。（4）.无论什么体裁的文章，尽量做到分段作文。以写三段文为好。文章的开首句要开门见山，层次分明，说理清楚。文章的结尾段要求考生会写出个人的观点和感悟。

三、强化背诵和听写范文，提高书面语的表达能力。背诵英语范文能培养学生的语感，以形成对英语正确表达方式的认同感，对写作形成潜意识是有益的。中国人常讲：“读书破万卷，下笔如有神。”学习范文的益处可以帮助考生学习文中的用词造句，布局谋篇。为了不占用学生课余太多的时间，教师可以利用早读，每次30分钟。教师预先选印好各种体裁的文章印发给学生。每次早读课，先由教师点拨范文中的难词难句，妙词妙句，亮点和采分点。例如：范文中的中文句子“由于鱼不知饥饱，致使好多鱼因过度进食而死亡。”英文范文译它为“Some of the fish have been killed because they have no sense of being full.”句中“have no sense of”就是亮点和采分点。再如，有篇看图文章要求学生描写市民怎样清除街招，护花，修路等来美化城市。范文用这段话：Our citizens picked up waste paper，took off unsightly posters and weeded the garden.Some workers were busy fixing streetlamps，mending roads，pruning bushes and painting fences aside.句中unsightly posters，prune bushes，weed the garden。均是课外知识，语言是“约定俗成” 1 的。我们写作就需要“入乡随俗”，多积累语言材料，做到厚积而薄发。再如，议论文的结尾，最好能呈现作者的观点和建议。例如，写反对浪费的文章，结尾可用这么一句：“In my opinion，we should call on more and more people to fight against waste.Only through these measures can we reduce waste.一个倒装句足以令评卷老师眼前一亮而留下良好的印象，点评完毕，教师组织全班学生大声地朗读文章，然后各自背诵文章的范文。背诵强化了正确的语言文字的输入，对学生高考写出规范的英语很有效。最后教师给学生听写范文，这一符合认知规律的教学活动环节，帮助学生把已存在脑海里的东西有机地取出，适当地调整，为我所用，使学生有话可说，有东西可写。

四、限时训练，全收全改，点评鼓励。

越临近高考，教师越注意每周一次的堂上作文练习，增加学生的实践经验。教师让学生在规定的20～25分钟内模拟写一篇120～150字间的高考英语作文。这样做的好处是，学生在写作中体会诸如句式结构，词语搭配，提醒学生多留意谓语动词的构成形式。包括其使用的时态，语态，语气等。另外，误用关系代词和成份欠缺也是学生在写作中易犯的一个通病，需时时提防。学生只有通过堂上限时训练，应用范文例句，学会使用过渡词，连接词或其他一些衔接成份，注意首尾呼应，才能用好语言，真正提高英语写作水平。

学生作文完毕，教师要全收全改，改完要给学生一个明确的指示。诸如，文章时态用得对不对，那一句好，那一句欠什么，正确的应怎样表达，鼓励学生尽可能多地运用复杂的语法结构和词汇知识。如：非谓语动词形式，感叹句，介词短语，动词短语，以降低文章的枯燥乏味，增强文章的采分点。文章拥有灵活多样的表达手法，已成为高分作文的一道看点和亮点。最后，教师给每个考生写一两句鼓励的话，以便使师生距离拉近，师生并肩作战。这一做法往往收到非常好的效果，使学生由厌写变得爱写，渴望成功。

综上所述，教师应按照新课程标准的要求，坚持有目的、有计划、有步骤地对学生进行系统的写作训练，让学生进行多种形式和多方面的书面表达练习，以达到学生真正地掌握书面表达的技巧，能用英语表达思想的目的。

经过我的指导教学，学生的写作能力在最后的冲刺阶段明显地呈现出来，许多同学份份刷新，一次次地打破自己原有的记录。我通过探索实践，获得丰富和宝贵的教学经验，我感激我自己的努力，我感恩我的学生给予我欢欣的汇报！

第二篇：202_年高考语文考前冲刺专题训练

202_年高考语文考前冲刺专题训练（3）

成 语

1.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是

A.荆山之巅的大禹雕像头戴栉风沐雨的斗笠，手握开山挖河的神锸，脚踏兴风作浪的蛟龙，再现了他与洪水搏斗的雄姿。

B.京剧大师梅兰芳先生不仅在舞台上风姿绰约，在日常生活中也气度不凡，无论何时何地，他总能让人为之倾倒。

C.最后几年，由于市场竞争加剧，小家电生产企业加速整合，目前只剩下五六家分庭抗礼，占据了全省60%的市场份额。

D.家庭条件的优越和父母的溺爱，养成了他傲慢狂妄的个性，不管对谁都侧目而视，一副天不怕地不怕的小霸王样子。

2.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是

A.他性格比较内向，平时沉默寡言，但是一到课堂上就变得振振有词，滔滔不绝，所以他的课很受学生欢迎。

B.泰山几千年来都是文人墨客们向往的圣地，在浩如烟海的中华典籍中，留下了众多颂扬泰山的诗词文章。

C.经理语重心长的一席话，如电光火石，让小余心头淤积的阴霾顿时消散，再次燃气争创销售佳绩的激情。

D.迅速崛起的快递行业，经过几年的激烈竞争，大部分企业都已经转行或倒闭了，市场上只剩他们几家平分秋色。

3.在下列句子的空缺处依次填入成语，最恰当的一组是

（1）读者欣赏作品清新的故事，却忽略了蕴藏的热情，欣赏文字的朴实，却忽略了作品隐伏的悲痛，实际上近于_______。

（2）中国古代文化是一座巍峨的高峰，不管我们在儒.释.道哪一条路上行走，________，最终都必然会在山顶上相逢。

（3）多年前，集团首席执行官就感觉自己_______，在集团迅猛发展.国际市场不断拓展的今天，他的危机感丝毫未减。

A.南辕北辙 异曲同工 如临深渊 B.买椟还珠 殊途同归 如履薄冰 C.南辕北辙 殊途同归 如履薄冰 D.买椟还珠 异曲同工 如临深渊 4.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是

A.随着全社会对宏观经济增长目标的深入解读，“幸福感”“幸福指数”毋庸置疑地成为民生改善和文化发展进程中的重要话题，受到公众的普遍关注。

B.《舌尖上的中国》是国内首次使用高清设备拍摄的美食类纪录片，片中由近距离拍摄呈现出的各类食材的纹理构造，带给观众焕然一新的审美感受。

C.如今，视觉文化方兴未艾，在这图像和文本相互转换.相互模仿.共同存在的现实善下，图文关系正在成为中外学者共同关注的跨学科研究热点。

D.完善各级各类学校的心理健康工作者队伍建设，实施有针对性的心理健康教育，可以亡羊补牢，使学生的常见心理问题在萌芽状态及时得到解决。5.下列各句中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是（）

A.初春，乍暖还寒，春寒料峭，身着冬装的他，漫步在广阔的田野中，仍觉得不寒而栗。B.一个国家希望依靠自身实力优势一劳永逸地解决安全问题是不现实的。C.现在，他们不必再冒着风险在船艇穿梭的河中叫卖，航道也更加井然有序了。

D.每次改校门都兴师动众，甚至举行剪彩仪式，连周围的老百姓都戏称：“一任新校长一个新校门。”

6.下列句子中加点成语不正确的一项是（）

A.加入WTO预示着中国融入世界经济一体化的进程将全面提速，中国的市场经济整体机制将面临巨大的考验，甚至是巨大的冲击。首当其冲的必然是人力资源的共享及其面临的考验。B.作为国内最早警示重化工业化道路诸多弊病的经济学家，全国政协常委吴敬琏昨日在接受采访时表示，政府如不釜底抽薪解决之前行政手段对市场造成的扭曲，五年完成节能减排目标，形势“不太乐观”。

C.那卖衣服的姑娘说话了：“妹妹，这件衣服你穿着真是特漂亮，就数你穿着最是样儿！”他一边心里赞美卖衣姑娘巧舌如簧，却又一边赶紧准备再做女儿的工作。

D.“回顾一年来新股的市场表现，应该说是喜忧参半，喜的是在总体市场表现中，新股二级市场的表现仍旧可圈可点，是在弱势行情中不多的亮点之一，忧的是市场低风险套利的品种越来越少。

7.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（）

A.虽然新版《西游记》演员阵容的消息还未得到官方的确认，但聂远出演唐僧的消息甚嚣尘上，似乎最为可靠。

B.经过我国航天科学家旷日持久的科研攻关，负载着国人千年梦想的“嫦娥一号”踏上了三十八公里奔月的漫长之旅。

C.细菌的生命力及其顽强，无论是赤道还是南极.北极都可以发现它们的身影，它们活动范围之广真可谓无所不至。

D.在市农科院的认真指导下，这个贫瘠的山村终于走上了科学种田的穷家富路。8.下列加点成语使用恰当的一项是（）

A.青春版秦腔《杨门女将》减少了旧本中拖沓冗长的回放交代，以几分钟的舞台呈现，对全剧情节做了有力铺垫，收到了以一当十的艺术效果。

B.他的文化基础差，加上急于求成，等到考试成绩出来，果然就出现了阴沟翻船的情况，他叫苦不迭。

C.在希腊古奥林匹克遗址，最高女祭司娜芙普利都点燃了奥运圣火，她神情庄重颐指气使地将火炬传递给了第一火炬手亚历山大。

D.这部电视剧虽然遭到了一些人的尖锐批评和指责，但是批评者认为，作者的创作动机是无可厚非的。

9.下列各句中加点的熟语使用恰当的一句是（）

A.先生虽辞世多年了，但他那些富含哲理的话语，一直如晨钟暮鼓，时时警醒着我。B.整改不光是说在口头上，更要落实到行动上，相信到下一次群众评议的时候，大家对机关作风的变化一定都会有口皆碑。

C.这幅画虽然构思新奇，但是色调太暗，我的态度是不赞一词。

D.对曾经纵横中国五百年的晋商，我们今天只能透过那些纸醉金迷的晋商大院来遥想他们当年踏漠北.下南洋的辉煌。

10.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是（）

A.有的高中学生写作文总是喜欢装出一副老气横秋的姿态，动辄用大话套话官话吓唬人，这种文风必须改变。

B.9月8日，平顶山特大矿难发生后，一些死难矿工家属面对记者表达了自己的黍离之悲和对一些煤矿领导的愤慨。

C.在13届罗马世界游泳锦标赛上，张琳在男子800米自由泳决赛中夺得中国男游历史上第一个男子世界冠军，当人们问他有何感想时，他竟然出言无状，脸憋得通红，只是说：“感谢我的教练，感谢所有支持帮助过我的人。”

D.进入8月，沪指连续四周下跌，很多被套股民备受煎熬，想尽快弥补巨额亏损，因此一度消失的非法“代客理财”又东山再起。

11.下列各句中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是()A.为做好农村危房改造工作，提高预算执行效率，中央财政从长计议，近日提前下达202_年中央农村危房改造补助预算指标150亿元。

B.斯坦利在家私销售中业绩斐然，是因为他别树一帜，以追求自我生活态度的品牌主旨——“开始你的梦想”引领了寝居新风尚。

C.法国思想卢梭视人格的独立自由为生命，他宁肯过贫穷的日子，也决不愿被权贵招安，这与中国古代许多知识分子的追求如出一辙。

D.面对“义而致富，仁而致富”，如果颜渊.原宪依然选择栖于陋巷中，箪食瓢饮，安贫乐道，那就应该没有什么值得称道的地方了。

12.下列句子中，加点的成语使用不正确的一项是()A.在西安嘉天国际公寓爆炸事件后，很多小煤气站依然不按照操作规章工作，干着厝火积薪之事，实在令人担忧。

B.中学生处在人生观形成的重要阶段，给他们创造良好的学习.生活环境刻不容缓，全社会都不可忽视迁兰变鲍的作用。

C.部分网络文学对中学生的作文产生了冲击，学生常不自觉地模仿，写些内容空泛.文体模糊的“异文”，令人不忍卒读。

D.虽然在采访钱学森先生之前经过一番思考，但一开头我们提出的问题还真有点大而无当，那就是请他谈谈如何加快发展科学技术的问题。13.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是()A.在第十一届全运会上，刘翔复出，并在决赛中以13秒34的成绩成功卫冕，整个全运村人声鼎沸，人言啧啧，“翔飞人”再次受到观众和媒体的热捧。

B.《诗经》对我们而言还是一个谜，它有着太多的秘密尚未被揭开；可是它实在太美了，我们研究它，虽殚精竭虑，却仍对它恋恋不舍。

C.漂亮而有个性的新车型越来越多，这对消费者来说无疑是一件大好事，他们有了更多的选择余地，正好可以择善而从。

D.202_年10月16日，第十届西博会在成都召开，这次博览会聚集了各地各种各样的新产品，真可谓浩如烟海，应有尽有。

14.下列各组加点的熟语，使用不正确的一项是（）

A.“唐装热”迅速流行，激活了江南丝绸服装产业，使不少企业逢凶化吉，出现了少有的勃勃生机。

B.有些人虽想靠“题海战术”来提高学习成绩，这有点像沙里淘金，是得不偿失的。C.那时他虽已被撤职罢官，但是“身在江湖，心驰魏阙”，仍心关心国家大事，关注政局的变化。

D.如果政府的官员对普通民众的疾苦视而不见，听而不闻，那么这样的官员要他何用？ 15.下列各句中加点成语运用正确的一项（）

A.“人类基因组计划完成之日，就是人类自己所亡之时”虽然太极端，但绝不是骇人听闻，人类至今安全的原因之一，就是它的奥秘还不为人所知。

B.作为文物，它们都被认为毫无价值；作为废铁，它们论吨计价：作为景观，经们往往与现代普通人的审美期望相去甚远，大多不堪入目。

C.高松年直跳起来，假惊异的表情做得栩栩如生，比方鸿渐的真惊惶自然得多；他没演话剧，是话剧的不幸而是演员们的大幸。

D.在庆功会上，两位队员举案齐眉，互相敬酒，祝贺对方在这次全运会上获得金牌。16.下列各项中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是

A.土耳其举重选手穆特鲁身高只有1.50米，多次参加世界男子举重56公斤级比赛，拿金牌如探囊取物，人送绰号“举重神童”。

B.冬天老年人要增加营养，也要适当运动，在户外锻炼时一定要量入为出，以步行为宜，时间最好选在傍晚，还要注意保暖，防止着凉。

C.中国茶艺与日本茶道各有特点，但异曲同工，都强调“和”的精神。中日两国青少年也应以和为贵。为中日睦邻友好多作贡献。

D.北京周边的旅游胜地，笔者去过不少。但六月中下旬的绿树繁花中仍有冰挂高悬在危崖上，这一出人意表的奇景却是第一次见到。17.下面各句中加点的词语，使用恰当的一句是

A.不久前，中国银监会主席刘明康公开呼吁干涉市场。刘明康是中国金融业监管层第一个表态呼吁“救市”的高官，因此吹响了政府“救市”的“集结号”。

B.最令人错愕和震惊的是，和正常的反映相反，西方政府和民间社会组织竭力迎合“藏独”分子的行为。

C.漫长的许霆案已经落下帷幕，但是对许霆案的社会意义窥一斑而知全豹；有人借此看见人性中德性的薄弱，有人欢呼公众舆论的强大，还有人试图用它来惊醒法律的疲惫。D.当下，整个神州大地正在掀起一股公祭大潮，炎帝.黄帝.大禹.孔子.老子……纷纷被抬出来供顶礼膜拜。老祖宗们不再是躺在博物馆里睡大觉的老古董，而是成了人们争相抢夺的香饽饽。

成语答案

1.【答案】B 【解析】本题考查正确使用词语（包括熟语）的能力，能力层级为E级。栉风沐雨：形容人经常在外面不顾风雨地辛苦奔波。显然与句意不符，同时这个词语不能作定语。风姿绰约：形容女子风韵姿态柔美动人。这里形容梅兰芳是可以的，因为她扮演的是旦角。分庭抗礼：原指宾主相见，分站在庭的两边，相对行礼。现比喻平起平坐，彼此对等的关系。与语境不符。侧目而视：斜着眼睛看人。形容憎恨或又怕又愤恨。句意是说其傲慢，显然不当。2.B（振振有词：理直气壮的样子。形容自以为理由很充分，说个不休，强词夺理，贬义词，并不表示理由充分。语义环境不当。浩如烟海：浩：广大；烟海：茫茫大海。形容典籍.图书等极为丰富。电光火石：是指，闪电的光，燧石的火。原为佛家语，比喻事物瞬息即逝。现多形容事物象闪电和石火一样一瞬间就消逝。亦用作比喻行动迅速，出手先制。这里犯了望文生义的错误。平分秋色：秋色，秋天景色。比喻双方各得一半，不分高低，表示平局。这里不止两家，故错。）3.B 4.【答案】A 【解析】毋庸置疑：毋庸，不必。事实明显或理由充分，不必怀疑，根本就没有怀疑的余地。焕然一新：焕然，鲜明光亮的样子，改变旧面貌，出现崭新的气象，用“耳目一新”更恰当。方兴未艾：事物正在发展，还没有停止，多形容新事物正在蓬勃发展。视觉艺术不是新生事物，可用“如火如荼”。亡羊补牢：羊因为羊圈的空缺被狼掉走了，再去修补羊圈，还不算晚。比喻除了问题以后想办法补救，可用防止继续受损失。可用“未雨绸缪”。

5.A 解析：A项“不寒而栗”，指不是由于冷而发抖，而是形容非常害怕。此句望文生义。6.答案：C。巧舌如簧：舌头灵巧，象簧片一样能发出动听的乐音。形容花言巧语，能说会道。首当其冲，最先受到灾难和冲击。釜底抽薪，比喻从根本上解决问题。可圈可点。原指文章中有精妙的句子,有值得欣赏.值得赞美的意思。现使用范围扩大，常用于文艺体育类的新闻报道，又进而扩大到其他领域，形容或称赞一切出色.精彩.值得称道的事物。7.C【甚嚣尘上】原指形容对传闻之事议论纷纷。现多指某种言论十分嚣张（含贬义）。

【旷日持久】多费时日，拖得很久。

【无所不至】①没有达不到的地方：细菌的活动范围极广，～。②指凡能做的都做到了（用于坏事）：威胁利诱，～

摧残镇压，～。【穷家富路】指居家可以俭省些，而外出最好多带些钱物，以备不时之需。8.D。A.以一当十：一个人抵挡十个人，形容勇敢善战，以少胜多。B.阴沟翻船：阴沟，暗沟，暗沟里翻船，指事情出现意外，这里不是意外。C.颐指气使：颐，颊，腮；不说话而用面部表情或口鼻出气发声来示意，指有权势的人随意支使人的傲慢神气。D 无可厚非：厚，重，过分；非，责难。不能过分责备，表示虽有缺点，但是可以原谅。

9.A【A.晨钟暮鼓：比喻可以使人警觉醒悟的话。B.有口皆碑：比喻人人称赞。C不赞一词：原指文章写得很好，别人不能再添一句话；现也指一言不发。D.纸醉金迷：形容叫人沉迷的奢侈豪华的环境。】

10.A（“老气横秋”可形容人摆老资格，自以为了不起的样子，用在A句中是恰当的。B黍离之悲：表示家国残破之痛。用错对象。C出言无状：说话超越本人的身份.地位，放肆，没有礼貌。句中误作为遇事紧张，不会说话。不合语境。D.东山再起，泛指失势后重新得势。此处应为贬义词“死灰复燃”。）

11.A（A.从长计议：慢慢地多加商量。指慎重考虑而不急于作出决定。不合语境。B.别树一帜：形容与众不同，另成一家。C.如出一辙：形容两件事情非常相像。D.箪食瓢饮：形容读书人安于贫穷的清高生活。）

12.C（不忍卒读：不忍心读完，形容文章的“悲”。不可用于形容文章写得不好，和“不堪卒读”区别；A厝火积薪：把火放到柴堆下面，比喻潜伏着很多的危险；B迁兰变鲍：比喻环境对人的潜移默化； D大而无当：多用来表示大而不切实际的意思）

13.B（A.人言啧啧：人们不满地议论纷纷。用在赞扬不当。B.殚精竭虑：殚，竭尽；虑，思虑。形容用尽心思。C.择善而从：从，追随，引伸为学习。指选择好的学，按照好的做。D.浩如烟海：浩，广大；烟海，茫茫大海。形容典籍.图书等极为丰富。）

14.A(A逢凶化吉: 逢：遭遇；凶：不幸；吉：吉利.吉祥。遇到凶险转化为吉祥.顺利。这是带有迷信的说法。B沙里淘金：淘：用水冲洗，滤除杂质。从沙里淘出黄金。比喻好东西不易得。也比喻做事费力大而收效少。也比喻从大量的材料里选择精华。C身在江湖，心悬魏阙：魏阙：古代宫门外高大的建筑，用作朝廷的代称。旧指解除官职的人，仍惦记着进朝廷的事。后常用以讽刺迷恋功名宝贵的假隐士。)15.B（A中应为“耸人听闻”C 中应为“惟妙惟肖，D中“举案齐眉”只用夫妻之间）

16.【参考答案】B【解析】B项中成语“量入为出”使用不恰当，犯了望文生义的错误。“量入为出”这个成语的意思是“根据收入的多少来定开支的限度”，“入”和“出”是指“收入”和“支出”，不是“在家”和“出门”。其他几项成语使用都是恰当的，A项“探囊取物”意思是“伸手到口袋里拿东西。比喻能够轻而易举地办成某件事情”，C项“异曲同工”的意思是“不同的曲调演得同样好。比喻话的说法不一而用意相同，或一件事情的做法不同而都巧妙地达到目的”，D项“出人意表”意思是“出乎人们意料之外”。

17.【解析】A中分句间不表因果关系，此处应为“从而”，B应为“反应”。C窥一斑而知全豹：比喻看到的只是一部分；或比喻可以从观察的部分推测到全貌。D香饽饽：非常热门.很受欢迎的人或事物。【答案】D

第三篇：202_年广东省高考冲刺英语作文训练

高三英语作文参考范文

一．

Patience Is The Secret of Success

The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from an old man while fishing on the bank of the lake, through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.I have a similar experience.Once I waited for a bus at the stop for 30 minutes, but no bus came.I couldn‟t wait any longer and decided to walk to school.But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived.I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it.If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes.Only then did I realize the importance of patience.Being impatient will waste all the efforts that we have made.Patience also plays an important part in our study and work.With it we can achieve more.Now, whenever I am to lose my patience, I‟ll think of the experience of waiting for a bus.二．To help or not help

The passage mainly tells us that a man was hurt in a car accident, but people around him, including the writer did nothing to help him, which resulted in the injured man‟s death on the street.After reading the passage, I was completely shocked.As far as I‟m concerned，whenever people are in trouble, we should offer them help regardless of the consequences.If I had been on the spot, I would have called an ambulance and the police without hesitation.Once, I was walking in the street when suddenly a man came up to me and robbed me of my watch.Frightened, I called for help loudly.Just then, a young man shouted, “Stop that guy！”.Finally, people around united and caught the robber.To help or not to help shows a man‟s quality.Wherever you are, if you have a chance to show your good qualities, just do it!Remember, your contribution counts!

三．Hold on to one[„s belief

This passage tells us that Monty Roberts, who had such strong belief that he didn't give up his dream all the time even though he was discouraged, and eventually he succeeded in owning a horse ranch.For a person, belief always plays an important role in his/her life.As a saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Anyone who has strong belief can realize his dream and enjoy a colorful life.Otherwise, he will lose himself on his way of life.Belief is so important that it can change one's fate.As a deaf man, Beethoven went on working with his strong belief in the last years of his life, though he was not able to hear his own fine music.Marie Curie, a famous scientist, also set a good example.In 1898, Marie found a new element.In order to improve her discovery, Marie and her husband worked hard.It was because of their great effort that they saw the dim blue light of new element--radium.Her dream came true at last.From my point of view, it can be seen that one with firmly-held belief is likely to make a great achievement and master his own life.202_高考作文

一． Last weekend, I had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, concerning the issue of short-sightedness of school children in China.According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world.He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short-sightedness.He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities.He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness.二．Should tourists take photos with animals?

Koalas in wildlife parks can‟t fall asleep because tourists keep disturbing them.The government is thinking of making the tourists‟ behavior illegal to protect the animals.When people are visiting wildlife parks, they like to take photographs with animals.Reasons for this are varied.Some people may think that taking photos with animals is fun in contrast with taking photos with other persons.Others may think that it will be an interesting experience to take photos with animals during their visit.If I were an animal in the wildlife park, I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me.My life would be greatly affected and I won‟t feel happy at all!I think I should have some private space and time to relax myself.However, I don‟t agree if it is announced illegal to take photos with animals.Tourist pay for tickets to visit the wildlife park and it will be a pity for them if they can‟t have a photo with an animal.Perhaps wildlife parks can set some special time and during this time, tourists can take photos with animals.It can both satisfy tourists and protect the animas.202_年调考英语作文

读写任务高分作文：

Ashamed of his mother‟s scar, a boy was disappointed at first when his mother attended the teacher-parent meeting.However, he became moved and regretful after knowing his mother had got the scar when protecting him in a fire.The story above reminds me of my experience.When I was a child, I was distinguished for telling lies.At first, people around me was cheated by me easily, and they didn‟t trust me any more.One night, I caught a brothers for help.However, neither of them wanted to send me to the hospital.At that moment, my mother, who had been ill for years, sent me to the hospital immediately.Consequently, I became well but my mother had to stay in hospital for weeks.If my mother hadn‟t sent me to the hospital, she wouldn‟t have been in a worse condition.What the love she gave me.From then on, I realized that I shouldn‟t lie to others any more and I always tried to behave myself.Gradually, I am no longer what I used to be and always praised by neighbors as a trustworthy girl.What a profound influence my mother have on me!

From my perspective, we children should devote ourselves to our parents in return for their love.Never should we ignore their feelings whenever they are in trouble.Besides , what we can do to please them is that we should try our best to study well and never give up in the face of difficulty.A little boy was ashamed of his mother‟s scar.When his mother attended the parent-teacher meeting, he was disappointed.After knowing the cause of his mother‟s scar, the boy felt ashamed of himself and cried, hugging his mother.There was a time when I was very naughty and always made my mother angry.As a result, many relatives didn‟t like me and sometimes even scolded me without any reasons.One day, I got a fever and my mother took care of me all the time, taking me to the hospital and cooking healthy and my favorite food.At that time, I asked her whether she didn‟t like me, she just replied, “You are the only son who can‟t be taken place of in my heart.‟ Hearing that, I burst into tears.What my mother has done for me makes me know that no matter who you are, no matter who you will be, you‟re just the person who will always be accepted and valued by your parents, in spite of your faults and difficulties.They will be always there to give you hope and courage when you‟re confronted with misfortune and hardships.Therefore, be good to your parents and take care of them.In my opinion, only by realizing our dreams and making a better life for our parents can we live up to their expectations and repay their devoted love.基础写作高分作文：

There are 62 students in my class, and two thirds of them used to take a part time job or are taking one now, working in a shop or a library as well as in a restaurant as waiters.The reasons why they take a part time job are different.Around half of them are for the purpose of solving the financial problems in poor families, while others regard it as a good way to apply their knowledge to social practice as well as enrich their social experience.However, still some students don‟t take a part time job because they are under great stress as a senior three student and they don‟t have time.Besides, the low pay and no permission from parents are also the main reasons why don‟t take a part time job.

第四篇：高中英语教学论文 高考英语专题讲座-阅读理解

专题讲座 阅读理解

不少同学反映:“老师，做阅读理解题时，我对文章的语句完全能看懂，可是选答案时却总出错，您讲一讲阅读技巧吧!”有些老师在读过一篇文章后发现自己的判断与答案有出入时，也深感技巧方面出了故障，经过归纳，大体有如下说法：要学会抓主旨大意；能够略去不必要的信息；会掠读、跳读、不必回读；能够根据题干及作者的意图在文章中快速搜寻有关信息„„

上述表述，应当说没有错误，但学生们实践后往往收效甚微。为什么?因为这些方法没有抓住中学生英语学习的现实和实质。目前中学生的词汇学习量不足202_词（初中1200、高中750），学生真正掌握并能运用的词汇量则更少。教学大纲规定阅读量至多20万词，然而目前高考英语试卷的词汇要求为3000～3500词左右（含派生、转化及合成）。以不足202_词的词汇量去读3500词为底线的文章，肯定读不深吃不透，在此基础上用什么技巧和思路也只能是一个字----“猜”。自然无准确性可言了。

作为一名英语学习者，要想突破阅读关，在高考中拿高分，要解决“三量”，即词汇量----3500词；阅读量----35万词，也即1000篇300余词的短文；阅读质量----能本着信达雅的原则用中文说出文意。

1．词汇量

词汇量的3500词包括常见词及词组和日常会话中的单词、词组，最常见的涉及文化、科普、政治、经济，甚至军事的词。同时还要会认、会用派生，包括前缀和后缀。比如近年高考中就出现过的inexpensive，unthinkable，computerize。要真正做到会认、会用，就必须多读文章，细读文章，在大量认读中逐步加深前后缀的印象，逐步积累生词。平日学习新词时，要善于运用不同方法加强记忆，扩大词汇量。比如可以采用摘葡萄法、归纳法、联想法等。摘葡萄法就是把相互联系的词串到一起，比如当我们学习shoulder时，应联想到arm，elbow，wrist，fist，hand，palm，finger，thumb，index，finger，middle，finger，ring，finger，little，finger，甚至foe。归纳法则可把那些形相近意相远的词联系到一起，如medal，model，metal，mental； violet紫罗兰，violent，violate凶暴。联想法是指在学习过程中发现一个词联想到与它相关的词，比如当我们见到physical labor时，可联想到“脑力劳动”，从而查找到mental labor。具体可参见以前发过的词汇扩展

2．阅读量

阅读量是指300余词的短文，至少要读1000篇。考虑到高三现状，读小说有一定困难，读短文是个好办法。一方面可选取阅读理解书目上的文章，另一方面可读21世纪报及21世纪报中学生版上的文章。因为这些文章篇幅不长，紧密联系生活实际，涵盖社会现实和天下大事，可读性很强。到高三的第二学期才动手，也不算晚，那必须把阅读量加大到每天五篇，这样才能见成效。

3．阅读质量

阅读质量含五步。第一步读文章做理解题。第二步是出声朗读其中的一段，而且必须注意语音、语调、重读、弱读、连读、失去爆破和清辅音浊化。目前中学生上高中后发声朗读训练的机会越来越少，从上边七项要求自己的机会则几乎没有，高考中的听力自然得分不高。因为听力中的对话与朗读是依照前边提到的七大要点录制的。第三步是用笔划一划你认为应当记住的词、词组、短语，较好的句子。认真划，划得

用心

爱心

专心

越多则说明读者的心越细，随着时间的推移，若划的越来越少了，说明水平也提高了。第四步是注意一下边边角角的知识，因为它有助于你对文章的理解，有助于短文写作中的应用。比如202_年高考E篇文章的第七段中有Even when a man is said to be a best friend，the two share little about their innermost feelings． Where as a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage．根据句意我们知道，where as=however，或but，这种关联词在文章中常常起到承上启下的作用。高中毕业生在高考的短文写作中常出现这样一种情况，单看每个句子不存在问题，但就是上下连贯不到一起。这其中的重要毛病是不会使用像where as这样的词及相关短语。而这些技能的养成不是靠教师课堂上讲的，也不是靠日常口头说才会的，主要依靠平日阅读中细心理解，出声朗读，写作中使用。第五步在前面已谈到，读过一篇文章后若能用中文讲明白，说明你懂了，若讲不明白，则说明质量没过关。以202_年E篇的第一段为例，Excused from recycling（回收利用）because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute（垃圾道）? You won’t be for long!两句中注出两处中文，有一处课本中学过。由于考生不知句意，结果在这两句基础上的第68题的正答率出奇得低，高分段同学的错误率比低分段的同学还高。这说明了认识的词并不意味着懂句意，更说明了“掠读”、“跳读”、“猜”的偏颇。如能按第三步的方式划一划，查一查，平日有积累，还愁不能正确理解该句：“难道因为你住高层建筑，又有垃圾道就可以不进行分拣和回收了吗?不用多久就应这样做”。再比如高三课本（上）的第128页中有这样一段: On hearing this，Marlin got angry and shouted，“You want me to take the place of a monkey? Take its place yourself!You look more like a monkey than I do．”原意是：“马林刚一听到这里，就气愤地吼道，你想让我扮猴子吗?你去扮好了，你长得才像猴呢!”然而不少学生，甚至一部分教师都错解为“你长得比我更像猴!”这样一来就闹出定位错误的笑话了。从这个例子中我们也能看出这样一个现实，读懂了句子，未必理解准确到位，换言之，表层意思与深层含义是不一样的。要想达到翻译上的信达雅，不加大量阅读，不按照上述五步的方法加强训练，解阅读理解题的水平很难提高。

综上所述，提高解阅读理解题的水平决非一蹴而就，而应经过长时间的大量阅读。由于不少英语单词和词组是一词多意，因此要在阅读中逐步加深印象，拓宽词汇量，这样才能突破阅读关。

同学们可能会问读什么样的文章好，应该是两类文章并进。一种是21世纪报和21世纪报中学生版，同学们可依上述五步每周阅读一份报纸，一定能开阔视野，扩大词汇量，增加知识；另一种是有阅读理解题的文章，他们能检测你理解的程度，提高你高考时做阅读理解题的分值。简而言之，要疯狂，要持久。疯狂阅读指量，持久阅读指质。那么突破阅读关的时间离你就越来越近了。

第一章

主 旨 概 括

第一课

一、试卷分析与展望

阅读理解中非常重要的一个技巧就是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意，也就是中心思想。文章或段落的中心思想犹如一支蜡烛的芯。这根芯看似无关紧要，但是如果没有它，那么这支蜡烛就不能再称为蜡烛，而是一堆蜡。所以，一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的主旨大意，这就需要考生具备归纳和概括等方面的能力。而这种归纳和概括能力又常常是考试中被考查的重点。

下面，我们一起来回顾一下1996-202_年十年的全真试题，就可知道此项技能的重要性了。

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1．What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? [NMET96（61）] 9． The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ___[NMET96（66）]

10．This news story is mainly about _____． [NMET97（51）]

11．The text is mainly about _____． [NMET97（55）]

12． The text is mainly about _______．[NMET98（51）]

13． What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? [NMET98（54）]

14． The text is mainly about ______．[NMET98（57）]

15． What would be the best title for the text? [NMET98（70）] 16． This article mainly tells about the story of _______． [NMET99（51）] 17． The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___________． [NMET2000（54）] 18． According to the writer of the text , imagining the future will _________．[NMET2000（66）]

19． The purpose in writing this text is _________．[NMET2000（67）]

从上述全真试题中，我们可以总结出，对于文章或段落的主旨大意设问的形式一般是：

1． The main idea of the passage（text）is _____．

2． The text（passage）is mainly about _____．

3． What does the passage mainly discuss（deal with）?

4． Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?

5． The main point of the passage is ______．

6． The best headline for this newspaper article would be _____．

7． Which of the following is the best title to be given to the article?

8． What is the topic of the text?

9． The main purpose of the story is to tell us _____．

10． The conclusion we can get from the story is _____．

大家只要记住，看到问题中使用mainly, main，title，headline，topic，conclusion等词时，就得仔细领会文章的主旨大意了。

当然，除了上述通用的句型，还可用其它的形式设问，这就要求我们认真理会题干的意思了。

例如92年的75题“The writer tells this story to _____．”

以及93年的66题“The writer wrote the story in order to _____． ”

也是考查考生对主旨大意的理解

二、基本训练

Mike is a freshman（新生）in college． He is also trying to earn the money he needs to live on． As a result, he works forty hours a week at a gasoline station． But this work must be done at night because Mike is a full-time college student． Mike also tries to make time for things

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he enjoys doing that are not related to college and work． He likes to ski in winter and play in summer． However, he is finding less and less time for these pleasures． Question: Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A． Mike is very busy

B． A freshman has to work many hours all week

C． Mike has pleasures in his spare time D． Mike has a lot of homework

Telephone, television, radio, and the telegraph all help people communicate with each other． Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world． For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in Japan or Argentina（阿根廷）． An international soccer match comes into the home of everyone with a television set． News of disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries． Within hours, help is on the way． Because of modern technology like the four thousand satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast．

Question: The main idea of the passage is that _____．

A． News of a disaster travels quickly and help can come quickly from distant countries．

B． Election results can be known almost immediately．

C． Communication is good．

D． Information travels very fast because of technology．

三、高考实战（90年高考阅读题）

A well-known old man was being interviewed（采访）and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday．

“That's right,” said the old man． “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world． They're all dead．” “Well, sir,” said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday．”

The old man looked at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't． You look fit and healthy to me!” 1． The old man said he had not an enemy in the world, which shows that he was a very _____． A． friendly man—he never made any enemies．

B． healthy man—he lived longer than all his enemies． C． lucky man—his enemies had all died．

D． terrible man—he had got rid of all his enemies．

2． When the interviewer said that he hoped very much to have the honour of interviewing the old man again the following year, _____ A． he was trying to make the old man happy． B． he wished he himself would live another year．

C． he did not believe the old man would live to be one hundred．

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D． he did not believe he would interview the old man again．

3． When the old man said “I can't see why you shouldn't”, what he meant was _____ A． “You must try to live another year to interview me again next year．” B． “Of course you can see me again since you're so fit and healthy．” C． “If I live to a hundred years, you should interview me again．” D． “Unless you live another year, you wouldn't be able to interview me again．” 4． What kind of man would you say the old man was? A． He was silly．

B． He was unpleasant．

C． He was very proud and sure of his health． D． He was very impolite to young people．

Annealing

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly． If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping（浸）it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle（脆）—that is, It will break easily． Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily． It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it． The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly, for a certain length of time． The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes． Annealing can also be used on other materials, such as glass． 5． Annealing can make metal _____ A． hard and tough（韧）．

B． hard but brittle． C． soft but tough．

D． soft and brittle． 6． Why do people put hot metal in water? A． To make it hard．

B． To make it soft． C． To make it cool．

D． To make it brittle． 7． In annealing, the required hardness of a metal depends on _____ A． the quantity of water used． B． the temperature of the metal． C． the softness of the metal．

D． the timing of the operation． 8． As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A． It can be heated and then cooled quickly． B． It can be cooled and then heated slowly． C． It can be heated and then cooled slowly． D． It can be cooled and then heated quickly．

“I would almost rather see you dead,” Robert S． Cassatt, a leading banker（银行家）of Philadelphia, shouted when his twenty-year-old eldest daughter announced that she wanted to become an artist． In the 19th century, playing at drawing or painting on dishes was all right for a young lady, but serious work in art was not． And when the young lady's family ranked among（跻身于）the best of Philadelphia's social（社交界的）families, such an idea could not even be considered． That was how Mary Cassatt, born 1844, began her struggle as an artist． She did not tremble before her father's anger． Instead, she opposed（抗拒）him with courage and at

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last made him change his mind．

Mary Cassatt gave up her social position（社会地位）and all thought of a husband and a family, which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady． In the end, after long years of hard work and perseverance（坚持）, she became America's most important woman artist and the internationally recognized leading woman painter of the time．

9． How did Mr． Cassatt react（反应）when his daughter made her announcement? A． He feared for her life．

B． He was very angry． C． He nearly killed her．

D． He warned her．

10． What in fact was Mr． Cassatt's main reason in opposing his daughter's wish? A． Drawing and painting was simply unthinkable among ladies in those days． B． He did not believe his daughter wanted to work seriously in art． C． He believed an artist's life would be too hard for his daughter． D． Ladies of good families simply did not become artists in those times．

11． What made Mary Cassatt's “struggle” to become a recognized artist especially hard? A． She was a woman．

B． Her father opposed her．

C． She had no social position． D． She did not come from an artist's family． 12． What do we know about Mary Cassatt's marriage（婚姻）? A． Her marriage failed because she never gave a thought to her husband and family． B． She never married because she did not want to be just a wife and mother．

C． After marriage she decided to give up her husband rather than her career（事业）． D． She did not marry because for a lady of her social position to marry below her was unthinkable．

13． What do we know about Robert Cassatt's character from the text? A． He was a cruel man．

B． He was a stubborn（固执的）man．

C． He knew nothing about art． D． He knew little about his daughter． 14． What do we know about Mary Cassatt's character? A． She was brave in going against old ideas． B． She got tired of always obeying her father．

C． She hated playing at drawing and painting． D． She did not mind being poor at all． 15． As we can learn from the text, which of the following was generally considered the most important in the life of a woman in the U．S． in Mary Cassatt's times? A． Money．

B． Career．

C． Marriage．

D． Courage．

Benin

Benin is one of the smallest African states． It lies in West Africa on the Gulf（海湾）of Guinea, to the south of Burkina Faso and Niger, between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east． Benin used to be called Dahomey and was controlled and ruled by France from 1893 to 1960，用心

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when it became independent（独立）． In 1963 the army general Soglo overthrew（推翻）the first president Maga． Soglo set up an army government and called himself head of state in 1965, but was overthrown and replaced（取代）by a civilian（非军人）government in 1967． In December 1969 Benin had another change of power with the army again taking over（接管）． In May 1970, Maga and two other men set up a new government, with each of them acting as president in turn for two years． However, half a year after Maga turned over power to the second man Ahomadegbe, the three-man government was overthrown by the army once more and General Kerekou became president． In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation from Dahomey to Benin, Benin being the name of a 17th century kingdom covering the same place． Kerekou also announced that Benin would be a People's Republic based on Marxism-Leninism．

16． Which of the following maps shows rightly the positions of Benin and its neighbouring countries?（Bn = Benin;Tg = Togo;Nr = Niger;BF = Burkina Faso;Na = Nigeria;GG = Gulf of Guinea）

17． For how long was Benin under France? A． For over a century．

B． For roughly a century．

C． For over half a century． D． Under half a century．

18． For how long was Benin an independent state before it became a People's Republic? A．15 years．

B．25 years．

C．20 years．

D．30 years． 19． Choose the right order in which the following people ruled in Benin．

（Ah = Ahomadegbe;Ke = Kerekou;Ma = Maga;So = Soglo）A． So, Ma, Ah, Ma, Ke

B． Ma, So, Ma, Ke, Ah C． So, Ma, Ke, Ma, Ah

D． Ma, So, Ma, Ah, Ke 20． When and how did Benin get its two names—Benin and Dahomey? A． Dahomey was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Benin．

B． Benin was its oldest name． The name Dahomey was used later, but has been replaced by Benin again．

C． Dahomey was its oldest name． The name Benin was used later, but has been replaced

by Dahomey again．

D． Benin was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Dahomey．

四、能力测试

It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay

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alive． That's what all doctors thought, until they heard about Al Herpin． Al Herpin, it was said, never slept． Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves．

Al Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey． They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind． So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made． But they were surprised． Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw Herpin sleeping． In fact, he did not even own a bed． He never needed one．

The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers．

The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness． They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer． They found only one answer that might explain his condition． Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born． But that was all． Was this the real reason? No one could be sure． Herpin died at the age of 94．

1． The main idea of this passage is that _____． A． large numbers of people do not need sleep B． a person who actually didn't need any sleep was found C． everyone needs some sleep to stay alive D． people can live longer by trying not to sleep 2． The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting _____． A． to cure him of his sleeplessness B． to find that his sleeplessness was not really true C． to find out why some old people didn't need any sleep D． to find a way to free people from the need of sleeping 3． After watching him closely, the doctors came to believe that Al Herpin _____． A． needed some kind of sleep

B． was too old to need any sleep C． needed no sleep at all

D． often slept in a chair 4． One reason that might explain Herpin's sleeplessness was _____．

A． his mother's injury before he was born B． that he had gradually got rid of the sleeping habit C． his magnificent physical condition D． that he hadn't got a bed 5． Al Herpin's condition could be regarded as _____．

A． a common one B． one that could be cured C． very healthy

D． a rare one 第二课

一、技巧解疑

文章（或段落）的构成有其内在的规律性，其中心思想往往是通过主题句来体现的。因此考生对以下

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四种结构应首先有所了解，然后通过一系列有意识的训练进而掌握它们。

1． 主题句在篇（段）首的结构

这种结构通常用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别（特殊）的步骤，即先概述，然后用细节加以说明。请看91年的Passage C: Jane Clark, fair-haired, blue-eyed and tough as steel, has just won the most difficult race in the world． In seventeen days she drove a dog team and sledge（雪橇）across 1,050 miles of the Arctic Circle

and through some of the most difficult land in the world． In bitter（刺骨的）winds and snow-storms she drove her dogs along the Arctic track, in temperatures that reached-38℃． When Jane was asked how she

felt about being the first woman ever to win the race she said, “I still can't believe it．” She then went over to inspect her thirteen wild-eyed dogs． David Wilson, who came second, said, “It sure hurts when a young woman is ahead of you． But it doesn't hurt for long． She was a good winner．” 76． Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? A． Woman wins the world's toughest race!B． Woman fights bitter winds and snow-storms!C． Woman wins a sledge race in the world!D． Woman drives a dog team across the Arctic!

这篇文章的首句就是主题句，其后的句子或是具体说明“世界上最困难的比赛”，或是从侧面说明赢得这场比赛的不易。本篇的终结句进一步呼应了主题句。所以答案是A。

2． 主题句在末尾的结构

尾句是主题句的结构通常是用归纳法撰写的，其步骤是先表述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般，由特殊性到共性。请看98年Passage A的最后一段：

On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin． Everyone was astonished to see him． There was just one problem． Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates． He rolled on and on．

Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall． Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces． Nobody forgot Merlin's grand entrance for a long time!54． What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? A． The roller skates needed further improvement．

B． The party guests took Merlin for a fool．

C． Merlin succeeded beyond expectation．

D． Merlin got himself into trouble．

这段文字从Merlin入场的细节叙述，最后一句做了归纳总结：“很长一段时间大家都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。”可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案当然是C了。

二、基本训练

Americans use more water than any other people in the world． If we continue to use water

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at the rate we do now, we will soon not have enough to meet our needs． In 1900, 40 billion gallons（加仑）were used each day in the United States． In 1980, 700 billion gallons were used． The average American uses almost 90 gallons of water a day for personal use． And much more water is needed to make the things American people like to have． For example, it takes thousands of gallons of water to make one pound of beef for the dinner table． It takes more than 100,000 gallons of water to make a car． If we include these uses of water, the average American uses about 202_ gallons of water a day．

Question The best title for the passage is _______．

A． Water Use in the United States B． The Problem of Water Use C． Water Use in the World D． Water Use in the Twentieth Century Halloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year． It means “holy evening”, and it comes every October 31, the evening before All-Saints Day． However, it's not really a church holiday;it's a holiday for children．

Every autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins． Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and put lights inside． It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin!

The children also put on strange masks（面具）and frightening clothes every Halloween． Some children paint their faces to look like monsters（怪物）． Then they carry boxes or bags from house to house． Every time they come to a new house, they say, “Trick or treat!Money or eat!” The adults（成年人）put a treat---money or candy---in their bags．

Some children think of other people on Halloween． They carry boxes for UNICEF（The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund）． They ask for money to help poor children all around the world． Of course, every time they help UNICEF, they usually receive a treat for themselves, too．

The best title for the passage probably is ______．

A． An Autumn Holiday B． A Church Holiday C． A Holiday for Children D． All-Saints

三、高考实战（1991年高考试题）

O． Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories． His real name was William Sydney Porter． He was born in North Carolina in 1862． As a young boy he lived an exciting life． He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know． When he was about 20 years old, O． Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs． He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank． When some money went missing from the bank, O． Henry was believed to have stolen it． Because of that, he was sent to prison． During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories． After

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he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing． He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there． People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers' surprise． 66． In which order did O． Henry do the following things? a． Lived in New York b． Worked in a bank c． Travelled to Texas d． Was put in prison e． Had a newspaper job f． Learned to write stories A． e, c, f, b, d, a B． c, e, b, d, f, a C． e, b, d, c, a, f D． c, b, e, d, a, f 67． People enjoyed reading O． Henry's stories because A． they had surprise endings． B． they were easy to understand． C． they showed his love for the poor． D． they were about New York City． 68． O． Henry went to prison because A． people thought he had stolen money from the newspaper． B． he broke the law by not using his own name． C． he wanted to write stories about prisoners． D． people thought he had taken money that was not his． 69． What do we know about O． Henry before he began writing? A． He was well-educated． B． He was not serious about his work． C． He was devoted to the poor． D． He was very good at learning． 70． Where did O． Henry get most material for his short stories? A． His life inside the prison． B． The newspaper articles he wrote． C． The city and people of New York． D． His exciting early life as a boy．

Indianapolis is the capital and largest city of Indiana, U． S． A． With a population of 744,000, it is one of the largest cities in the world that cannot be reached by water． However, Indianapolis is a city through which many railways, roads, buses and planes pass． There are many factories which make trucks, farm tools, and electrical things． These factories cause little pollution for the city． Butler University, well-known for engineering, and the law and medical schools of Indiana University, are in the city centre． Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation's most famous car race is held each year on May 30th．

If you visited Indianapolis you would be able to find your way around easily because most of the streets cross each other like a chessboard（棋盘）． In the centre of the city, called the Circle, stands the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, 100 metres high． Also in the centre there are many buildings made of the famous Indiana stone, which makes them white in colour． 71． What is Indianapolis best known for?

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A． Its yearly motor race． B． Its schools and libraries．

C． Its universities and medical schools． D． Its Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument． 72． You can NOT travel to Indianapolis by A． boat． B． train． C． car．

D． bike．

73． From the text, what do we learn about the size of Indianapolis? A． It is the largest city in the U． S． A． B． It has a population of over a million． C． It has a population of under a million． D． It is one of the largest cities in the world．

74． It is easy for a stranger to go about in the city because A． most of the buildings are in the centre of the city． B． there are many different ways of travelling there． C． the buildings are very close to each other． D． the city is planned in squares．

75． Many buildings in Indianapolis are white because A． they are painted white every year． B． the Indiana people keep them clean． C． they are made of a special stone． D． there is little pollution from factories Moscow, Russia（space news）—“The computer is a better chess player,” insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser． “It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move． I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind（为人类着想）, but I just couldn't win,” he announced and shook his head sadly．

Prozorov's disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present, some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine． Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championships（锦标赛）around the world, since the fun had been taken out of the game．

The computer walked—or rather, rolled—away with 5,000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a set of noises and lights．

76． Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? A． 5,000 dollars goes to a computer!B． New invention: a laughing computer!C． World's best chess player beaten!D． Computer defeats man in chess!77． How did some of the grand masters feel about the chess game between Prozorov and the computer? A． They thought that the game was no fun． B． They thought that the game wasn't fair． C． They agreed that Prozorov didn't play well． D． They were unhappy that the computer

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had won．

78． What was it that Prozorov felt most bitter（懊恼）about? A． That he didn't win the $ 5,000． B． That he hadn't tried his best． C． That he had lost to a machine． D． That this was the end of the chess game． 79． After winning the game, the computer A． laughed． B． walked away．

C． made some remarks． D． gave out some lights and sounds． 80． Many chess players felt that playing with a computer would A． make the game tougher． B． make the game less interesting． C． make man appear foolish． D． make man lose lots of money．

One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine． He is a teacher at one of London's big medical schools． He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture．

He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton（人体骨架）to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase（箱子）． At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper． He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop．

When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake． He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert． 81． Who wrote the story? A． Rupert's teacher．

B． The neighbour's teacher．

D． The teacher's neighbour． C． A medical school teacher．

82． Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase? A． He needed it for the summer term in London． B． He needed it for the lecture he was going to give． C． He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research． D． He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching． 83． What happened at the airport? A． The skeleton went missing． B． The skeleton was stolen．

C． The teacher forgot his suitcase． D． The teacher took the wrong suitcase． 84． Which of the following best tells the teacher's feeling about the incident? A． He is very angry． B． He thinks it rather funny． C． He feels helpless without Rupert． D． He feels good without Rupert．

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85． Which of the following might have happened afterwards? A． The teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert． B． The teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert． C． The teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase． D． The teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert．

四、能力测试

Thirty children from China and eight from other countries and regions who won prizes in an international competition（竞赛）received their rewards in Beijing at the Great Hall of the People yesterday． The nine-month 1989 Sea-Ball Cup International Children Drawing Competition started last April． It received more than 6,000 works including 300 pieces of art from countries and regions outside China---the United States, the Soviet Union, the Philippines, Chili, Romania and Japan．

“All the paintings express children's longing for a peaceful world, their love for nature and dreams for the future,” said Fan Zeng, the well-known Chinese painter and chairman of the evaluation commission（评委会）of the competition．

The Gold Prize was granted to five works, one of them is from the Soviet Union． Another 10 children were awarded the Silver Prize． “The prizewinning works are outstanding in the imagination and creativity,” Fan said． A Chinese boy at the age of five was the youngest prize winner, who won a Bronze Prize．

Marjorie Michelle Villa, a Philippine girl at the age of thirteen, who won a Silver Prize, flew to Beijing for the award ceremony and gave a speech to an audience which included senior Chinese leaders and foreign diplomats（外交官）who received prizes on behalf of the winners from their countries．

（1）No children from ____ sent their paintings for the competition．

A． Asia

B． Africa

C． Europe

D． America（2）From their works we can see the children ______． A． love their own countries B． have a strong good feeling for peace and nature, and they dream of a happy future C． are proud of their own paintings D． are sure of their bright future（3）A girl prize winner _______．

A． took a plane to Beijing to tell the Chinese leaders about her paintings B． attended the ceremony and visited Beijing C． was absent from the ceremony D． was present and spoke at the ceremony（4）The competition is ______．

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A． a full success B． a successful experiment C． a pleasant surprise D． a good imagination（5）The best title for the passage is ______．

A． Boys and Girls Are Fond of Paintings B． Children Are Praised for Their Love of Paintings C． Children Painters Receive Their Prizes D． Children Come to Beijing from Different Countries

第三课

在上一讲中，我们接触到了主题句在首句和主题句在尾句的结构。那有没有主题句在中间或没有主题句的结构呢？答案是肯定的。在这一讲中，我们就来重点看看这两种结构吧。

1． 主题句在中间的结构

有些主题句既不在篇（段）首，也不在篇（段）尾，而是处于篇章（或段落）的中间。这样的结构往往先以一句或几句为主题句的出现作铺垫，或是交代细节或论据。在主题句出场后，仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。

这类结构包括三个层次：引题——主题思想——解释或继续给予例证。从它的写作程序来看，也可分为三部曲：归纳——结论——演绎，即给出一两个例证之后，做出概括性的总结，然后再给予例证来证实其论点。请看下例：

When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes down． When a bullet（子弹）is shot straight up, it will travel much

faster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down． Whatever goes up must come down． We have always thought this to be true． An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far

and long． Yet it does not stay up forever． Finally, like everything else, the plane must come down．

本段文字中用斜体显示的这句话就是主题句。其行文顺序和写作程序与上述的模式完全吻合。

2． 没有主题句的结构

没有主题句的篇章（或段落），并不是没有主题思想，它们的主题思想不是由具体的某句话表示的，而是在文中含蓄地存在着，需要读者自己归纳总结。这种结构通常是叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。请看92年的Passage A:

Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten（咬）by snakes． “It was seeing people with snake bites（伤口）that led me to this career,” he said．

In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine． As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains． There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives．

“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met． It was a very hot afternoon． The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand． He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake． In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm

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to stop the poison spreading to his heart． Rushing home he shouted, ‘Bring me the knife' Minutes later the man lost his arm forever．”

“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes” Shu said．

Question: The best headline（标题）for this newspaper article is _____．

A． Astonishing Medicine

B． Farmer Loses Arm

C． Dangerous Bites

D． Snake Doctor

文章陈述了一系列同等重要的细节，都是围绕“一位治疗毒蛇咬伤的医生”展开的。所以最好的标题便是D了。

In short, 正确理解文章或段落的主题思想是阅读的首要目的。因此，提高识别文章结构并准确找出主题句的能力和准确归纳总结出无主题句文章的主题思想的能力，是提高阅读理解能力的重要环节。而从无主题句的文章中总结出主题思想的能力尤其是考试的重点，也是我们平常阅读训练时难度较大的一项，这就需要我们在阅读任何文章时都要下意识地归纳总结其主旨大意。

二、基本训练

Who are these people rushing by you in the street? More than 215 million people now call America “home”, but most of them can trace their families back to other parts of the world． If you look at the names on shop windows, you will see that Americans come from many different lands． The idea that these people, who once were strangers to the United States, have lost the customs and cultures of their original countries and have become “American” is really not true． In fact, what exists in America is more often a kind of “side-by-side” living in which groups of people from other countries often have kept many of their customs and habits． They join the general American society only in certain areas of their lives---such as in schools, businesses, and sports---but they keep many of their own native customs and manners socially and at home． This living “side-by-side” has both advantages（长处）and disadvantages． Sometimes it may cause disagreements to develop between groups whose ways of life are very different from one another． However, there are also great advantages that come from the variety of cultures brought by settlers from other lands． There is great freedom of choice among ideas and dress, food, and social customs in America． Everyone can find some part of his or her familiar world in the United States, in churches, music, food, national groups, or newspapers． Question: Which is the best title for this passage?

A． Advantages and Disadvantages B． Different Customs and Habits

C． Home for the people D． “Side-by-side” Living Style in America

Kleptomania（盗窃癖）is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal． Such a person is not really a thief． They are sick and cannot help themselves． All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions． People with Kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take

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things that do not belong to them． With medical help they may become normal citizens again． The things that a Kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value． They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them． Questions: What is the topic of the text?

A． Young thieves

B． An unusual illness

C． Reasons for stealing D． A normal child's actions

三、高考实战（1992年试题）

In Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat． Frightened? You shouldn't be ,because these brains are only a food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition（营养）．

Brains as a food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for a long time． To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup（汤）made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines． Rice wine was also used in the soup to help illnesses caused by old age． After taking the soup his mother got better little by little and lived a long life．

Fu's soup became the talk of the town ． Many people came to see him ． One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup ． “ I'll tell you ,”Fu said． “But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour． And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother．” 61． The best headline（标题）for this newspaper article is ． A． A Good Son B． A Special Soup C． How to Make Brains D． How to Live a Long Life 62． The food is called brains because ．

A． it looks like brains B． it has animal brains in it C． Fu's mother liked the name D． it makes one clever and live longer 63． Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food, one of the things he demanded was that__ A． the restaurant shouldn't offer any other food B． the restaurant should use his mother's name C． the shape of the food must never be changed D． the food must be used to help sick people 64．The food was first invented to ．

A． help the aged in the town B． improve people's health C． make a restaurant famous D． help a sick woman

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65． What has made brains a popular food in Shanxi? A． They are served in many restaurants there． B． They are good for health and have a strange name． C． They are made of Chinese medicines and wine． D． They were invented a long time ago by an artist．

Sam and Joe were astronauts． There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive（活着）．Sam and Joe ,however, thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous, “We're the best men for the job, ”they said to the boss． “There may be problems, but we can find the answers．” “They're the last people I'd trust,” thought the boss． “But all the other astronauts have refused to go．” Once they were in space, Joe had to go outside to make some repairs． When the repairs were done, he tried to get back inside the spaceship． But the door was locked． He knocked but there was no answer． He knocked again, louder this time , and again no answer came． Then he hit the door as hard as he could and finally a voice said, “Who's there?” “It's me!Who else could it be?” shouted Joe． Sam let him in all right but you can imagine that Joe never asked to go on a trip with Sam again!66． Most of the astronauts were unwilling to go on the trip because ． A． it wasn't exciting enough B． they weren't experienced enough C． they thought they might get killed D． there was little chance of being selected 67． Why were Sam and Joe chosen? A． They were the only men who offered to go． B． The boss trusted them more than anyone else． C． They were the last people who wanted to go． D． The boss wanted them to get more experience． 68． What did Sam and Joe think the trip would be like? A． There would be serious problems． B． There wouldn't be any danger． C． It would be long and tiring． D． It would be exciting．

69． Joe didn't want to work with Sam again probably because he thought Sam ． A． wasn't as experienced as he was B． didn't know how to operate the door C． didn't know how to do repairs D． was very slow and possibly deaf 70． The writer tells this story to ．

A． show the dangerous side of the astronauts' life B． show the funny side of the astronauts' life C． make people laugh D． make people think

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One Sunday, Mark decided to go sailing in his boat with his friend Dan, but Dan happened to be away． Dan's brother John offered to go instead though he did not know anything about sailing． Mark agreed and they set out to sea．

Soon they found themselves in a thick fog． Mark was sure they would be hit by a big ship． Fortunately he saw a large buoy（浮标）through the fog and decided to tie the boat to it for safety ． As he was getting onto the buoy, however, he dropped the wet rope． The boat moved away in the fog carrying John ,who did not know how to use the radio． He drifted（漂流）about and was not seen until twelve hours later．

Mark spent the night on the buoy ． In the early morning he fell asleep, and was having a bad dream when a shout woke him up． A ship, the Good Hope, came up and he climbed onto it and thanked the captain． The captain told him that John had been picked up by another ship and the ship's captain had sent out a message． “Without the message I would not have found you on the buoy,” he said．

71． Why didn't Mark and Dan go sailing together? A． Mark was in some other place． B． Dan was in some other place．

C． Mark would like to go with John． D． Dan asked his brother to go instead． 72． Mark tried to tie the boat to the buoy so that ．

A． he could spend the night on it while John was looking for help B． he and John could go sailing again when the fog cleared C． it wouldn't be hit by other ships D． he might be picked up by a passing ship 73． John and Mark became separated because ． A． John had to stay in the boat to radio for help B． John couldn't control the boat and drifted away C． there wasn't room for both John and Mark on the buoy D． Mark thought it safe to stay on the buoy but John didn't 74． What made it possible for Mark to be found on the buoy? A． John told people where to look for him． B． The captain saw him as the fog cleared． C． John radioed to the Good Hope to get him． D． He shouted when he caught sight of the Good Hope． 75． The word he in the last paragraph refers to ．

A． the captain that got the message B． the captain that sent the message． C． John D． Mark

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The dodo was a large bird that you might not think was a bird at all, for the dodo could not fly． It was a member of the chicken family． The bird was discovered by European sailors in 1507 on Mauritius（毛里求斯）Island．

When the sailors talked about the strange bird that could not fly, you can imagine people found it hard to believe their story． The Europeans who settled on Mauritius Island and the pigs they brought with them found the birds very good to eat． So large numbers of dodoes were killed and by 1681 no living dodes were found on the island． A few dodoes were brought to England in the 17th century, but for 200 years none have been seen alive． This is the reason for the phrase “as dead as a dodo”． Because they died out completely, the dodes became very well-known． 76．The writer tells us that the dodo ．

A． existed between 1507 and 1681 B． has existed since 1507 C． doesn't exist now D． may have existed 77．What was so unusual about dodoes as a bird? A． They looked like birds but couldn't fly． B． They lived longer than other birds． C． They were very good to eat． D． They were all killed． 78． Dodoes are no longer seen on Mauritius Island because they ． A． were killed by pigs B． were all taken to England C． have been driven away by the settlers D． have all been killed for food 79． The phrase “as dead as a dodo” is sometimes used to describe something that ． A． cannot protect itself from being eaten B． cannot fly or move fast C． no longer exists D． is sure to die 80． From the second paragraph, whose story did people find it hard to believe? A． The Europeans'． B． The dodoes'． C． The settlers'． D． The sailors'．

四、能力提高

Young people and older people do not always agree． They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing． But in one special programme in New York State, adults and teenagers（青少年）live together in a friendly way．

Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group． Everyone works several hours each day． They do so not just to keep busy but to find meaning and enjoyment in work． Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the village． Some learn to make things like tables and chairs and to build houses． The adults teach them these skills．

There are several free hours each day． Weekends are free, too． During the free hours some

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of the teenagers learn photo-taking or painting． Others sit around and talk or sing． Each teenager chooses his own way to spend his free time．

When people live together, rules are necessary． In this programme the teenagers and the adults make the rules together． If someone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group． They talk about it and ask, “Why did it happen? What should we do about it?” One of the teenagers has this to say about the experience: “You stop thinking only about yourself． You learn how to think about the group．” 1． In one special programme in New York State, young and older people _____．

A． are friendly to one another

B． teach one another new ways of building houses C． do not work together

D． spend eight weeks together, working as farmers 2． All the members work some time every day mainly to _____．

A． lead a busy life

B． learn new skills of farming C． get used to the life on the farms D． find value and pleasure in work 3． Living together, ______．

A． the teenagers have to obey the rules the adults make B． the members don't have to obey the rules C． the members are not allowed to break the rules they make together D． the members have no free time except on weekends 4． The last paragraph shows that the teenager thinks his experience in the programme is ______．

A． disappointing

B． helpful

C． tiring

D． unpleasant 5． The best title for the passage is ______．

A． The Rules of Living Together B． Free Hours in the Special Work Group C． Teenagers and Adults Together D． Life in New York State

第二章 细节理解

第一课

一、试卷分析

准确地抓住并理解文章或段落的主题思想是十分重要的。但是仅仅粗略地看懂大意，不可能真正理解所有细节。只有准确理解全部细节，才能深刻而又全面地领悟主题思想。因为段落中的细节都是用来阐明主旨大意的，辅助论据支撑或阐述主题思想。因此，属于细节类的理解题既可检测阅读者对主旨大意理解的深度，又可测定他们对每个细节准确领会的广度。

从NMET开始以来，细节理解题占阅读理解题总量的百分之五十以上。例如1990年试题中20道阅读理解题，细节题就占了10题：

1．Annealing can make metal ______．（70）

2． Why do people put hot metal in water?（71）

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3． In annealing, the required hardness of a metal depends on ____．（72）

4． How did Mr． Cassatt react（反应）when his daughter made her announcement?（74）

5． What in fact was Mr． Cassatt's main reason in opposing his daughter's wish?（75）

6． Which of the following maps shows rightly the positions of Benin and its neighbouring countries?

7． For how long was Benin under France?（82）

8． For how long was Benin an independent state before it became a People's Republic?（83）

9． Choose the right order in which the following people ruled in Benin．（84）

10． When and how did Benin get its two names—Benin and Dahomey?（85）

我们再来看看1999年的试题中细节题占了多少？

1．Philadelphia is thought to be the best home for the diary because ____．（53）

2．Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary?（54）

3．From the text, we learn that the diary is now owned by _____．（52）

4．David Tebbutt started Computertown UK with the purpose of ____．（59）

5．Which is the best ticket to buy if you live in London and want to go to a small town 80 miles away for four days?（60）

6．A man bought himself a ticket of ￡15 and three tickets for his family with a family railcard． How much did he pay?（61）

7．The reason Father was in a hurry to get home was that he ______．（63）

8．People would stop feeling uneasy when realising that the children they're talking to _____．（67）

通过对1990年和1999年试卷的对比分析，可以看出越来越重视对考生综合理解能力的考

查。卷面已逐渐增加了对主旨大意，作者的意图，观点，心理等深层次理解题的分量。

即使是细节题，也不象90年试题那样容易从原文中找到根据，而是需要考生根据文中的 信息，通过自己的归纳总结，能对图表进行辨别，能对发展顺序进行判断，以及能对具体情况进行计算。这就需要考生能真正理解文章内容及主题思想，抱有碰运气或者猜的思想是行不通的。

在阅读考核中，查找主要事实或特定细节常见的题型是：

1． Which of the following statements is（not）true（or correct）?

2． Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?

3． All of the following are true except．．．

4． The author（or the passage）states that．．．

5． According to the passage, when（where, why, how, who, what, which, etc．）．．．?

当然，针对某一具体的文章，还可以有各种各样，形形色色的设问方式。对于细节题，也可以说对于任何阅读理解题，考生必须根据文章提供的信息进行答题，而不能根据自己的主观判断或者一般常识来答

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题。切记！切记！

二、基本训练

The Louisiana Purchase（购买）proved to be the wisest business agreement in the entire history of the United States of America． First it doubled the area of the U．S． and provided territory（领土）from which 14 new states were created either wholly or in part． Second, it gave the Americans full control over the mouth of the Mississippi River and opened up the way to foreign trade． Before the purchase was made, the waterway had been blocked by the Spanish fleet（舰队）, probably with the approval of Napoleon． Third, the land was rich in wood for building, minerals and natural resources of other kinds． And finally, the cost of this business was extraordinarily low． The total of $ 15,000,000 amounted to about 4 cents an acre． 1． Before the Louisiana Purchase, _____．

A． The relations between America and Spain had been poor B． America had no system of foreign trade C． America was in great need of natural resources D． Land in general was selling for 4 cents an acre 2． After the Louisiana Purchase, ______．

A． America became friendly with Spain B． all the Americans became very rich C． America had a territory twice the size as itself before D． America spent so much money that it became weaker and poorer 3． When the American people fully controlled the mouth of the Mississippi River, _____．

A． a terrible war broke out between the U．S． and Spain B． their foreign trade developed more quickly C． got more natural resources D． the whole nation greatly benefited from the purchase 4． The land the American people bought through diplomacy（外交方式）provided the American people with ______．

A． more freedom

B． more chance of work C． more natural resources D． more benefits

三、高考实战（93年高考阅读题）

On the evening of June 21,1992,a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xi'an with his bicycle ． The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles”．

Robert Friedlander, an American ,arrived in Xi'an on his bicycle trip across Asia which

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started last December in New Delhi, India． When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road ． Now, after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi'an and his early dreams were coming true．

Robert Friedlander's next destinations（目的地）were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc． He will complete his trip in Pakistan．

61． The best headline（标题）for his newspaper article would be ． A． The Kingdom of Bicycles B． A Beautiful Hotel in Xi'an C． Marco Polo and the Silk Road D． An American Achieving His Aims 62． The hotel workers told the manager about Friedlander coming to the hotel because ． A． he asked to see the manager B． he entered the hall with a bike C． the manager had to know about all foreign guests D． the manager knew about his trip and was expecting him 63． Friedlander is visiting the three countries in the following order ． A． China, India, and Pakistan B． India, China, and Pakistan C． Pakistan, China, and India D． China, Pakistan, and India 64． What made Friedlander want to come to China? A． The stories about Marco Polo． B． The famous sights in Xi'an．

C． His interest in Chinese silk． D． His childhood dreams about bicycles． 65． Friedlander can be said to be ． A． clever B． friendly C． hardworking

D． strong-minded A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village． They lived with the man's big family—his parents, his brothers, their wives and children． The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest． Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar．

Three months later the woman went back to her parents' home, having quarrelled with her husband．

Soon the elephant refused to eat and work． It appeared to be ill and heart-broken． One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house．

It went to the woman's home． On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it．

The young woman was so moved（感动）by the act of the animal that she returned to her husband's home．

66． The writer wrote the story in order to ．

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A． show that elephants are very clever B． tell how a woman trained a wild animal C． show that women care more for animals than men do D． tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife 67． The woman left her new home ．

A． to visit her own parents in Maliyuwa B． to see if the elephant would follow her C． because she was angry with her husband D． because she was tired of the large family 68． After the young woman left her husband's home, the elephant ． A． returned to the forest B． was sad because it missed her C． went to look for a new home D． was sick because nobody fed it 69． The young wife went back to her husband because ．

A． she knew he had sent the animal to her B． the elephant had come to look for her C． her parents persuaded her to D． she missed her new home For thousands of years, man has enjoyed the taste of apples． Apples, which are about 85 percent water, grow almost everywhere in the world but the hottest and coldest areas（地区）． Among the leading countries in apple production are China, France and the United States．

There are various kinds of apples, but a very few make up the majority of those grown for sale ．

The three most common kinds grown in the United States are Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Mcintosh．

Apples are different in colour, size, and taste ． The colour of the skin may be red, green, or yellow．

They have various sizes, with Delicious apples being among the largest． The taste may be sweet or tart（酸的）． Generally, sweet apples are eaten fresh while tart apples are used to make applesauce（苹果酱）．

Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres． They do best in areas that have very cold winters．

Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree． 70． It can be learned from the text that Delicious apples are A． grown in France B． sold everywhere C． very big D． quite sweet 71． Cold winter weather is good for ．

A． the growth of apple trees B． producing large apples C． improving the taste of apples D． the increase of water in apples 72． China, France and the United States are considered to ． A． be large producers of apples

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B． be large producers of applesauce C． have the longest history in apple production D． have the coldest winter among apple producing countries 73． The word yielded in the last sentence means ． A． improved B． increased C． produced D． sold Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, U．S．A．, is in the central part of the state, on the Santa Fe River which flows into the Rio Grands 35 kilometres west of the city ．More than two thousand metres above sea level, it lies in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains with the Ortiz Mountains to the southeast．

Santa Fe was founded in 1609 by the Spanish（西班牙人）on an old Indian village ． In 1680 the Indians seized the place but only held it for twelve years before the Spanish retook it ．The city remained under Spanish rule until Mexico won its independence（独立）in 1821． From then on it was a Mexican city until 1846 when it was taken over by U．S． troops．

With a population of 48, 953, Santa Fe is now the second largest city in the state． Because of its sunny weather, rich history and surrounding mountains, it is a good place for holiday makers． Besides hunting and skating in the mountains people enjoy shopping in the Indian and Spanish shops, which brings a large income to the city every year． In summer there is an international opera（歌剧）season when operas are shown in a partly-roofed, open-air theatre daily for people from all over the world． 74． At present Santa Fe belongs to ．

A． India B． Mexico C． Spain（西班牙）D． the United States 75． Which of the drawings _____ below gives an idea of what Santa Fe is like? RG=the Rio Grande SFR= the Santa Fe River OM=the Ortiz Mountains

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76． Santa Fe was under the rule of the Mexicans in ． A． 1675 B． 1695 C． 1816 D． 1833 77． The people who held Santa Fe for the longest period in history were the ． A． Spanish B． Indians C． Mexicans D． Americans 78． What is of special interest to people who visit Santa Fe in summer? A． Hunting． B． Fishing． C． Watching operas． D． Doing shopping． 79． Santa Fe is best described（描述）as a ．

A． trade centre B． holiday centre C． home for all nations D． seaport city 80． One of the reasons for visitors to come to Santa Fe is that it ． A． has fine weather B． is the state capital C． has historical monuments D． is on the Santa Fe River

四、能力提高

Like each living thing, languages are always changing． There are many reasons that can explain why they are always changing, but three main causes help explain this interesting phenomenon． Firstly, in very early times some different languages that originated from the same parent developed their own uniqueness（特殊性）after speakers moved away from one place to another． During the course of their movements, their unique languages came into being． Another main cause of language change is the influence of interaction（相互作用）with foreign cultures, often as a result of military conquest（军事征服）． The third cause for change is rapidly expanding（扩大的）technology and new systems of communication that bring all cultures and languages into closer contact（联系）, with borrowing between languages a common phenomenon in the present world． All languages change as the experiences of their speakers change．

1．The author thinks that the first most important cause that brings about the change of languages owes to A.the development of human civilization B． the movement of our ancestors（祖先）

C． the influence of interaction with foreign cultures D． the rapid progress made by science and technology 2．Which of the following statement is true according to this passage? A． The war and the effect caused by the war has a great effect on the change of languages． B． Most people enjoy the change of languages C． Mankind is always ready to change the language they communicate with one another． D． Most language have remained unchanged since early times．

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3．What is the main cause that brings about changes of languages in the present world? A.Military conquest B． People's continuous movement

C． Progress and development in science and technology

D． Borrowing foreign languages among different nations 4． This passage suggests that ______．

A． our ancestor enjoyed living in the same place B． some different languages now used to be the same in very early times C． different nations have lived together harmoniously since the early times D． people do not welcome the development or progress in science and technology 第二课

一、技巧解疑

细节理解题是最让人捉摸不定，变化万千的题型了。因为针对不同的文章，不同的细枝末节，可以有不同的设问，这就让人觉得它是那么不可捉摸，犹如雾里看花，水中望月。其实，这种题型是阅读考项中最简单的了。我们只要记住一点：万变不离其宗。这种题型无论有什么千变万化，你只要能看懂文章和题干，答案都能在原文中找到明显的线索。下面，我们就来看看，对付这等“千变魔头”有何绝招？

我们读文章，无外乎是对两个方面的理解。一个是浅层理解，或表层理解。另一个是深层理解，或内涵理解。所谓表层理解，指要读懂文章的基本内容，包括主要事实和各个细节。主要事实指文章中对于主题主旨具有典型意义的重要事实，这是文章的基本构架。细节是构成主要事实的局部因素或充实事实的例子，数据等细枝末节。一篇文章一般都包括这些要素。所以阅读理解考核中要求寻找的主要事实和特定细节都可以在文章中找到。但是，要注意的是出题者不会很明白很直接地提问，而是很注意提问的技术性或艺术性。也就是说，他提问都是要设障碍的，要罩上一层迷雾的，使得你弄不清问题指的是哪一件事，哪一个细节，造成你寻找的困难，这就要求你仔细琢磨了。归纳起来，提问技巧一般有隐含提问法、真伪证实法、间接提问法三种。这一讲里我们先来看看前两种提问技巧。

1． 隐含提问法

出题者使用同义词语、参照词、代词等，使考生对阅读内容和问题产生模糊感。例如：

The basketball team never lacked vociferous（大叫大喊的）young supporters, but they rarely responded to this show of enthusiasm．

Question: Who seldom reacted to that enthusiastic show?

A． The young people

B． The players C． Some people D． A lot of people

因为the basketball team 和 players；seldom reacted 和rarely responded是两对同义关系的词语，而“they”又与basketball team有参照关系，所以答案应该是B。

2． 真伪证实法

出题者要求考生确立文章中的事实，不让其问题直接与文章中的事实对号入座，而是提出似是而非，或完全错误的事实让考生去判断。对于这类题目，考生不要根据自己读文章的最初印象马上加以判断，而必须找到与问题相应的文章部分，找出正确肯定的事实，才可以据此判定否定的或错误的答案选择。例如：

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One word that sums up（概括）our age better than any other — whether “our age” is “the technological age” of western countries or the “modernizing age” of China — is the word CHANGE． But has change not always been present? True, but never before at such a breakneck speed． Today it is more than just change． It is unprecedented change． In such a world, reading provides the best tool we have for keeping up and for avoiding future shock in a world continually being remade．

Question: Which of the following is not true?

A． Western countries and China are being remade．

B． Reading will help understand our age．

C． The present age and future world are continually changing．

D． Reading is the best tool provided by our age．

选择题中，A、B、C项均与文意吻合一致。D项是一个似是而非的选择答案。文中的Reading provides the best tool for us（阅读对我们来说，是最好的工具。）和选项中D． Reading is the best tool provided by our age．（阅读是我们时代提供的最好工具。）意思不符。所以，答案是D。好啦，你想小试一把吗？那就点next吧。

二、基本训练

Dear Abby，This is my first letter to you, although I have been reading your column for many years． I need an outside opinion．

I am a grandmother in my 70s and have just returned from visiting my daughter, her husband and their three dearly loved children---all under the age of 5---and I'm upset with some of their parenting ways． For example: They lock the doors to their children's bedrooms at night because “the children might get out of their beds and wander around the house, and we may not hear them．” If one child should get punishment, all three are punished, and if one child says a naughty word, all three are given hot sauce（辣酱汁）in the mouth． I know these parents love their children very much, but are these ways of disciplining them wise? Please understand, it is not my aim to interfere（干涉）．

Dear Gram, Children's bedroom doors should not be locked． Should a flash fire break out, it would be a nightmare． Punishing all the children when only one has earned the punishment is a good way to make them grow up to hate each other． Children who use “naughty words” should not be punished with hot sauce in mouth---they should be taught the proper and acceptable word to use instead of the “naughty words”． 1． Gram's daughter ______．

A． is very strict with her children

B． does not love her three children C． always punishes her children at night D． often gives her children hot sauce

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2． Gram writes the letter in order to ______．

A． disclose her daughter's ways as a mother B． criticize her daughter's ways as a mother C． express her anger about her daughter's ways as a mom D． get other's opinion about her daughter's ways as a mom 3． Which of the following is not true according to the passage? A． Gram seems to care for her grand-children very much．

B． Gram is against some of her daughter's ways as a mom．

C． Abby is for only one of Gram's daughter's ways as a mom．

D． Abby agrees with Gram about her daughter's ways as a mom．

The best way to improve your reading ability is, of course, to read． The student must make a real effort to improve his speed, and if necessary his comprehension（理解）, with each exercise． Too many students read passages passively and without judgement: they simply start at the first word and read through to the end． You should read a passage actively, selectively and purposely． You must believe that you indeed have the ability to read faster and understand more, and that you will．

Reading, like everything else in life, is best done when you're relaxed（放松． The key to improve it is concentration（集中）． You must be willing to break some old habits and form new ones． Extra body movement, such as turning the head from side to side, pointing at the line with a finger or pencil, or moving the lips, should be stopped immediately． Reading is mostly a mental process（过程）and body movement helps neither speed nor comprehension． Then you should see words as part of a whole sentence or paragraph, not just in isolation． This is why a slow, word-by-word student often understand far less, or miss much of the joy and excitement of reading． 4．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A． When reading, you should pay attention to the basic unit of meaning, that is, a phrase or sentence that contains an idea．

B． When reading, you'd better point at the line with a pencil．

C． Body movement will help you to improve reading．

D． When reading, you should turn your head from side to side． 5．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A． You can do best work when you're relaxed．

B． Reading skills must be practiced not only within the classroom but also at home．

C． It doesn't matter moving your lips when you read．

D． Reading attentively can improve your reading ability．

三、高考实战（94年高考阅读试题）

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Tokyo: Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire（蓝宝石）worth nearly six hundred thousand dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum．

“Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but it's different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,” a police official said．

Exhibition officials said that a person bitten（咬）by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved． Medicine was being kept ready at a nearby hospital．

Star sapphires and other valuable jewels worth a total of one million dollars are on show behind glass． Hundreds of visitors came to see the special blue star sapphire and were surprised when they saw the sixty-centimetre long brown guards．

61．Using snakes at exhibitions of valuable objects is ． A． quite normal B． never allowed C． often necessary 62．The jewels were being shown in ．

A． an Indian hotel B． an Indian museum C． a Japanese hotel D． a Japanese museum 63．Why were the snakes and jewels at the same exhibition? A． They were both special things from India． B． The snakes were there to keep the jewels safe． C． The organizers wanted to do something unusual． D． People liked to visit an exhibition guarded by snakes． 64．Many visitors came to the exhibition because ． A． the snakes were on show B． so many jewels were being exhibited C． exhibition officials said it was special D． they were interested in seeing a famous jewel Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed”? Read the following directions and see if you understand them．

“To reduce pain, take two tablets（药片）with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required． For night-time and early morning relief（缓解疼痛）take two tablets at bedtime． Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours．

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D． usually forbidden

For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount（量）． For children under six years old ,ask for your doctor's advice．

Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine”．

65．How many tablets at most can a person over 12 have in 24 hours? A． Three． B． Four C． Six D． Eight 66．How many tablets should a nine-year-old child normally take in 24 hours? A． Half a tablet． B． One tablet． C． Two tablets． D． Four tablets．

67．What is the advice for one who cannot sleep well after taking the medicine? A． Stop taking the medicine at bedtime． B． Continue to take the normal amount． C． Take more than the normal amount． D． Take less than the normal amount． 68．It can be inferred from the directions that this medicine．

A． helps you to fall asleep quickly B． may be dangerous to small children C． cannot be taken if one feels sleepy D． should not be taken by children under six 69．This text is most probably taken from a ．

A． textbook B． newsreel C． doctor's notebook D． bottle of medicine I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang． It was an eccentric（怪僻的）

farmer． I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him． He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything． Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident． I hadn't the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go ．

It had been snowing heavily that day and I didn't know the way． I had been driving for at least an hour when I finally found his place． He was standing there, waiting for me． It seemed Milly had died． “She meant more to me than anyone„even my own wife!” he said． I could see that he had been crying． I thought something terrible had taken place, a possible scandal（丑闻）． I was even more shocked when he told me he had put her in the barn（厩）．“I wouldn't leave her out in the cold!” he said．

Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his． I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door ．He lifted his candle and I saw a dark figure on the ground．“ She was such a good cow!I wouldn't let anyone but a doctor touch her!” he said, and burst into tears again．

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70．The underlined phrase make out in the first paragraph means ． A． expect B． understand

C． see clearly D． hear clearly 71．Before he arrived at the farmer's house, the writer expected to see Milly lying ． A． on the ground of a barn B． on the floor of a room． C． in bed in a room D． in bed in a barn 72．What do we know about Milly from he story? A． She had met with an accident． B． She had caused a scandal C． She was seriously ill． D． She was hidden somewhere． 73．The farmer wished that the writer might ．

A． look into the matter B． bring Milly back to life C． free him from a scandal D ．keep the whole thing a secret 74．The person who told the story is probably a ． A． farmer B． policeman C． country doctor D． newspaper reporter There are different ways in which people try to deal with the problem of energy． One way is the greater production of common energy sources（能源）, such as coal, oil and gas． The trouble with these sources, however, is that they are not renewable．

Another way is energy conservation（节能）, which means using energy more efficiently（有效地）． In some very cold countries people build special houses to save energy． They place materials between the inside and the outside of the walls of the house to keep the cold out and the warmth in． The house is heated by the lights, the body heat of the people and the other equipment in it．

Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop． One form of these is geothermal energy． In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometre down． At six kilometres, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees． To get the heat, water is pumped（压;抽）down into the rocks and back up to the surface． Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries． 75．How many ways of dealing with the energy problem are discussed in the text? A． Two B． Three C． Four

D． Five．

76．From the text we learn that coal ．

A． is quite easy to produce B． is not used most efficiently C． is the most common source of energy D． could be renewed only by new technology 77．The writer tells about the “special houses” because they A． show the excellent skills of the builders

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B． serve as an example of energy conservation C． are heated by different sources of energy D． are warmer than other types of houses 78．The underlined words geothermal energy in the third paragraph mean ． A． renewable source B． underground source C． heat inside the earth D． temperature of the earth 79．Which of the following drawings shows the right way to get geothermal energy?

80．At a place where the surface temperature is 15℃, how deep do you have to dig so as to get a temperature of 75℃? A． One km． B． Two km．

四、能力提高

Ben Jonson is one of the few men ever to be buried standing up． As the story goes, King Charles I once made him a promise． The king told the great writer that he would be buried in England's famous Westminster Abbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）． But that wasn't all． Jonson could choose

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C． Three km． D． Four km．

any place he liked for his grave（坟墓）．

Jonson died in 1637． Then it was found that the spot he had picked was already filled． The ground space left in it was just eighteen inches square． But Charles kept his word． He had Jonson's coffin（棺材）placed on its end in the small space． That way it would just fit． 1．Which of the following is not true? A． Jonson wanted to be buried in the Abbey． B． Jonson wanted to be buried standing up．

C． Jonson got Charles's promise．

D． Jonson picked a place in the Abbey． 2．Why was Jonson's coffin placed on its end? Because it ______． A． would take less room

B． would look longer C． was Jonson's wish

D． was Charles's wish 3．The story shows that Charles ______．

A． liked someone to be buried standing up B． liked every writer C． tried to learn from Jonson

D． tried to keep promise 4．This passage doesn't tell us ______．

A． what kind of work Jonson did

B． where Jonson was buried C． how Jonson's grave was marked D． where the story happened

Jack London was a famous American writer． He was born on January 12, 1876, in San Francisco, California． His family was very poor, and Jack had to leave school to make money． He worked hard in many different jobs．

Later, Jack returned to school, but he did not stay． He wrote, “Life and pocketbook were both too short．” In 1879, he went to Alaska to find gold． Instead, he found ideas for his books and stories． He returned home and started to write． His writings were successful, and he became rich and famous in his twenties．

Jack London was not a happy man, however． In poor health, he took his own life in 1916． He was only 40 years old then．

5． As a child, Jack left school because _______．

A． he didn't like books

B． he wanted to find gold

C． he liked to be free

D． he had to make a living 6． He went to Alaska because ______．

A． it was a beautiful place

B． gold was found there

C． his parents lived there

D． he wanted to write books there 7． What did he find in Alaska? A． Gold and money． B． Books and stories．

C． Ideas for writing．

D． Ideas for selling books． 8． Which of the following statements is true?

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A． Jack killed himself because of poor health and unhappiness． B． Jack left school because the books there were too short．

C． Jack was a successful writer and he lived happily．

D． Jack died of illness in Alaska．

第三课

一、技巧解疑

这一讲里，我们来见识见识第三种迂回提问法。（间接提问法）

这又是一种设障提问技巧。问题不直接提出，而是绕着弯子提出。比如，涉及时间、距离及数据等时，你必须经过复杂的测算才能确定答案，有时，选择答案给你的数据与文章中的数据不符，只是一个近似数值，（其它选择答案完全不沾边，完全错误），或者，提问者只给你一部分事实，让读者续出相应的事实使某事实更完整正确（这又叫做省略提问法）。

例如： 1999年第60，61题

Want to save money when travelling by train? Here are some ways．

Day Returns This ticket can save you up to 45% on the standard fare（车费）． You have to travel after the rush hour period Mon．-Fri．, but can travel at any time on Sat． or Sun

Big City Savers

These are special low-priced tickets on certain trains． You have to book in advance-at the latest by 16:00 the day before you travel． It's first come, first served．

Weekend Returns Weekend Returns are available（有售）for most journeys over 60 miles． Go on Fri．, Sat． or Sun．, and return the same weekend on Sat． or Sun．, and save up to 35% on the standard fare．

Monthly Returns These are available for most journeys over 65 miles． Go any day and return

within a month． Monthly returns save you up to 25% on the standard fare．

Family Railcard

For ￡20 this railcard allows you to take a second adult（成人）and up to 4 children for only ￡3 each when you buy single or return tickets． You can travel as often as you like until the card becomes out of date．

60．Which is the best ticket to buy if you live in London and want to go to a small town 80 miles away for four days?

A． Big City Savers

B． Monthly Returns C． Weekend Returns D． Day Returns

61．A man bought himself a ticket of ￡15 and three tickets for his family with a family railcard． How much did he pay?

A． ￡44

B． ￡29

C． ￡24

D． ￡15

61解析：要去一个远在80里以外的小镇游玩四天，选项A和D就可排除了。而选项C，我们可从对 Weekend Returns的介绍“Weekend Returns are available for most journeys over 60 miles． Go on Fri．, Sat． or Sun．, and return the same weekend on Sat． or Sun．”中了解到：虽然其旅程距离超过60里，但必须在同一周末返回。所以，要游玩4天，最好的选择当然是B了。

62解析：这里题干的意思是“有一个人用family railcard为他自己买了张15英镑的票，并且为他

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家人买了三张票。问题是：他须付多少钱？”从文章可知“使用family railcard，可以带一个成年人和四个小孩而每个人只需花三英镑（就可买到票）。”所以答案是：15+9=24。

二、基本训练

In 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with disease, high costs and politics, the Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allowing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal area instead of travelling some seven thousand miles around Cape Horn． It takes a ship about eight hours to complete the trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars, one-tenth of what it would cost an average ship to round the Horn． More than fifteen thousand ships pass through its locks（有船闸的河道）each year．

It was the French who started digging the canal but they sold their rights to the United States of America, which will control it until the end of the 20th century when the Panama government takes over its duties．

1． Before the cutting of the Panama Canal, a ship would travel _____ miles to round to Horn, and it would cost _____ dollars when it had to travel around Cape Horn． A． fifty;fifteen thousand B． seven thousand;about one hundred and fifty thousand C． fifteen thousand;seven thousand D． seven thousand;about fifteen thousand 2． The cutting of the Panama Canal took about _____ and it caused ______．

A． forty years;different troubles B． thirty years;problems of disease C． quite a long time;a great many problems D． a few years;troubles with politics and high costs 3．______ controls the Panama Canal at present and in _____ a different government will take control of the Panama Canal．

A． France;2,100

B． Panama;2,100 C． United States;2,001 D． United States;2,000 4．In what year was the construction probably started on the canal? A． 1840

B． 1920

C． 1868

D． 1881 5．This passage suggests that _____． A． it was an unworthy construction B． in spite of various problems, the cutting of the canal is beneficial C． Many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is less expensive and saves much

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time D． Considering all the problems, three governments have had to control the canal over the years

三、高考实战（95年高考阅读试题）

Fat on human beings is distributed（分布）in different ways． Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistline—which makes them look round, rather like apples． Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped（梨形的）．

There are two types of fat: external fat（fat under the skin）and internal fat（fat inside the body wall）．

Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the `pears' have less internal fat, but the `apples' have more internal fat than external fat． This seems to be what causes the health problems．

The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat． But unfortunately it seems that dieting（节食）simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear． At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat．

61．The text is mainly about ． A． fatness and health D． distribution of fat

B． ways to lose weigh C． people's figures62．Which of the following people is most likely to have health problems?

63．When a pear-shaped person becomes thinner, he/she loses more ． A． internal fat than external fat B． external fat than internal fat C． fat above the waist D． fat below the waist Frank Smithson woke up and leaned over to turn off the alarm clock． “Oh no!” he thought

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to himself． “Another day at that office;a boss who shouts at me all the time．” As Frank went downstairs his eyes fell on a large brown envelope by the door． He was overjoyed when he opened it and read the letter inside． “Bigwoods Football Pools（足球赌博公司）would like to congratulate you． You have won half a million pounds．” Frank suddenly came to life． The cigarette（香烟）fell from his lips as he let out a shout that could be heard halfway down the street．

At 11:30 Frank arrived at work． “Please explain why you're so late,” his boss said． “Go and jump in the lake,” replied Frank． “I've just come into a little money so this is good-bye． Find yourself someone else to shout at．” That evening Frank was smoking a very expensive Havana cigar（雪茄）when a knock was heard on the door． He rushed to the door． Outside were two men, neatly dressed in grey suits． “Mr Smithson,” one of them said, “we're from Bigwoods Pools． I'm afraid there's been a terrible mistake„” 64．What do we know about Frank? A． He was a lazy man． B． He was a lucky person．

C． He didn't make a lot of money． D． He didn't get on well with his boss． 65．When he heard the knock at the door, Frank probably thought ． A． someone had come to make an apology B． someone had come to give him the money C． his friends had come to ask about the football pools D． his friends had come to congratulate him on his luck 66．On hearing “„there's been a terrible mistake„” Frank was most likely to be ． A． disappointed B． worried C． nervous

D． curious The idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange , but that's exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries．

Carmakers' research and development laboratories have already proved that mixing in more noise with the help of loudspeakers can reduce the unwanted noise．

Physicists have known about the technique for a long time． Sound is made up of pressure waves in the air． If two sound waves of the same frequency（频率）mix so that the highest point of

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one wave happens at the same time with the lowest point of the other wave, the result is no sound． Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle（周期）, we can kill the unwanted noise． Using this technique many carmakers are racing to develop noise-killing systems both inside and outside the cars．

Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better．

Some engineers believe that the noise-killing system will be used in most cars in 1996． But the carmakers haven't decided if they will put it into production because it would add several hundred dollars to the cost of their cars．

67．Which of the following gives a general idea of how the noise-killing system works? A． By producing pressure waves going in the opposite direction． B． By mixing high frequency sound waves with low frequency sound waves．

C． By making copies of the unwanted sound waves and letting them out a little later． D． By mixing new sound waves with the noise and sending them out together． 68．Besides its main function（功能）the noise-killing system can ． A． make a car lighter B． make a car quieter C． reduce the cost of a silencer D． improve the performance of a silencer 69．The noise-killing system is not yet popular mainly because ．

A． it increases the cost of car production B． carmakers are not sure if it is necessary C． it is still being tried out D． people still have their doubts The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666． In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together． One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives．

The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King's baker（面包师）in Pudding Lane． The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof． A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery（面包房）into a small hotel next door． Then it spread quickly into Thames Street． That was the beginning．

By eight o'clock three hundred houses were on fire． On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames． Tuesday was the worst day． The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St Paul's and the Guildhall among them．

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Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire． People threw their things into the river．

Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment． Birds fell out of the air because of the heat．

The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire． With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out．

After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect（建筑师）, wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone． In fact, the streets are still narrow;but he did build more than fifty churches, among them new St Paul's．

The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past． 70．The fire began in ．

A． a hotel B． the palace C． Pudding Lane D． Thames Street 71．The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means ． A． home B． children C． wife and husband D． wife and children 72．It seems that the writer of the text was most sorry for the fact that ． A． some people lost their lives B． the birds in the sky were killed by the fire C． many famous buildings were destroyed D． the King's bakery was burned down 73．Why did the writer cite（引用）Samuel Pepys? A． Because Pepys was among those putting out the fire． B． Because Pepys also wrote about the fire． C． To show that poor people suffered most．

D． To give the reader a clearer picture of the fire． 74．How was the fire put out according to the text? A． The king and his soldiers came to help．

B． All the wooden houses in the city were destroyed． C． People managed to get enough water from the river．

D． Houses standing in the direction of the fire were pulled down． 75．Which of the following were reasons for the rapid spread of the big fire?(a)There was a strong wind．（b）The streets were very narrow．（c）Many houses were made of wood．

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（d）There was not enough water in the city．

（e）People did not discover the fire earlier． A．（a）and（b）B．（a）,（b）and（c）

C．（a）,（b）,（c）and（d）D．（a）,（b）,（c）（d）and（e）

During the summer holidays there will be a revised（修改过的）schedule（时刻表）of services for the students． Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall． Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged（安排）, will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club．

In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day． The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to 7:00 p．m． during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 p．m． on weekends． The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays． The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p．m．

All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card． This announcement will also appear in the next week's student newspaper． 76．The main purpose of this announcement is to ． A.tell students of important schedule changes B． tell students of new bus and library services C． show the excellent services for students D． ask students to renew their library cards 77．At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall? A． 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 11:00 B． 8:00, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30 C． 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00 D． 8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 12:30 78．Times for films and concerts are not listed in this announcement because ． A． they are not to be announced B． they are hard to arrange C． the full list is not ready D． the full list is too long 79．In the summer holidays, the library will have ．

A． no special hours B． special hours on weekdays C． special hours on weekends D． special hours both on weekdays and weekends． 80．We may infer that during the summer holidays ．

A． the student newspaper will sell more copies B． there will be a concert or a film once a week C． many students will stay in the university D． no breakfast will be served on weekends

四、能力测试

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Mr． Brown was at the theatre． He had got his ticket at the last moment, so he had not been able to choose his seat． He now found that he was in the middle of a group of American ladies, some of them middle-aged and some quite old． They obviously all knew each other well, as before the curtain went up on the play they had come to see, they all talked and joked a lot together．

The lady sitting on Mr． Brown's left, who was about sixty years old, seemed to be the happiest and the most interesting of the American group, and after the first act of the play, she apologized to him for the noisiness（喧闹声）of her friends． He answered that he was very glad to see American ladies so obviously enjoying their visit to England, and so they had a friendly talk． Mr． Brown's neighbor explained what they were doing there．

“You know, I have known these ladies all my life,” she said． “We all grew up together back in our hometown in the United States． They have all lost their husbands, and call themselves the Merry Widows（寡妇）． It is a sort of club, you know． They go to a foreign country every summer for a month or two and have a lot of fun． They always go everywhere together． I have wanted to join their club for a long time, but I was not able to become a member until the spring of this year．” 1． Mr． Brown did not get his ticket until ______．

A． the play almost started

B． he had chosen his seat C． after the curtain went up D． there was only one ticket left 2． The group of American ladies enjoyed the play in a theatre in ______．

A． America

B． Britain

C． their club

D． their hometown 3． Mr． Brown's neighbour at the theatre _______．

A． did not know these ladies until recently B． only knew some of them all her life C． had known them since she joined the club D． had known these ladies for a long time 4． The lady sitting on Mr． Brown's left finally succeeded in joining the club in the spring of this year when _____．

A． her husband died

B． the ladies in the club began to like her C． she got married

D． she pretended to be merry

第三章 猜测词义

第一课

一、试卷分析

近几年的NMET的阅读理解考项中总有一些考题要测试考生根据上下文和构词法知识猜

出生词词义或旧词具有新意的能力。例如：

1.Which of the following words can take the place of the word “career” in the first paragraph ?（92）

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2． The word “he” in the last sentence refers to ______．[NMET92 80]

3． The word “yielded” in the last sentence means _______． [NMET93 73]

4． The underlined phrase “make out” in the first paragraph means ______． [NMET94 70]

5． The underlined words “geothermal energy” in the third paragraph mean ___． [NMET94 78]

6． The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means _____． [NMET95 71]

7． The underlined word “they” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ____ [NMET96 59]

8． The underlined word “leg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means _____． [NMET96 68]

9． The underlined phrase “figure out” in the text means _____． [NMET97 54]

10． The underlined word “one” refers to _____． [NMET97 68]

11． “Act your age” means people should _____． [NMET97 69]

12． The words “Youth Summit” refer to ______． [NMET98 55]

13． When the writer says “Dick Spivak is just an ordinary man”, he means _____． [NMET98 58]

14． What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said “I'm on high”? [NMET99 55] 15． The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Computertowns（99）

16．“Professional work” used in the text means _______． [NMET99 69]

17． Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?[NMET2000 61]

18． Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to _________．[NMET2000 65]

由此可见，高考对考生推测词义的能力是非常重视的。这就要求我们在阅读时要通过上下文交代的内容做出合乎逻辑的推理。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义做出正确的推测。

一般说来，这种题型的题干部分总含有mean, refer to的字样。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。例如95年的71题：The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means _____．

A． home B． children C． wife and husband D． wife and children

“family”是我们很熟悉的词了，意为“家庭”，但以这个意思理解family的话，我们就无法选择答案了。但是，如果我们结合上下文“The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof．”就很容易看出family其实指的是“children子女”，所以答案应该是B。

因此，考生不仅要知道常用词的意思，更要知道其灵活变化的意思。在阅读理解测试中，常见的考查这种技能的题型有：

1． The word “．．．” in line ．．． most nearly means _____．

2． The word “．．．” in line ．．． probably means _____．

3． In line ．．．, the word “．．．” refers to _____．

4． In line ．．．, the word “．．．” could best be replaced by which of the following?

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5． The word “．．．” as used in line ．．． in this passage means _____．

6． The word “．．．” as used in line ．．． is closest in meaning to ____．

7． In line ．．．, “．．．” could properly be replaced by ____．

8． By “．．．”, the author means _____．

二、基本训练

In America, where labor costs are so high, “do-it-yourself” is a way of life． Many people repair their own cars, build their own garages, even remodel their own houses． Soon they may also be writing their own books． In Hollywood there is a company that publishes children's books with the help of computers．

Although other book companies also publish that way, this particular company is very unusual．

It “personalizes” the books by having computer make the reader the leading character in the story． Here is how they do it． Let us say your child is named Jenny． She lives on Oak Drive in St． Louis, has a dog named Spot, a cat named Tabby, and three playmates whose names are Betsy, Sandy, and Jody． The computer uses this information to fill out a story that has already been prepared and illustrated（配上插图）． The story is then printed with standard equipment as a hard-cover book． A child who receives such a book might say, “This book is about me．” Therefore the company calls itself the “Me-Books Publishing Company”． Children like the me-books because they like to see in print their own names and the names

of their friends and pets． But more important, “personalization” had been found to be an important tool in developing enthusiasm for reading． Question: Here “fill out a story” means ______．

A． complete a story B． make full a story C． tell a story D． invent a story

三、高考实战（1996年高考阅读试题）

We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift her eyes from the book． Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down． While I watched mouth open is surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold． She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop． She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floors． ” “Yes, I'm glad they've finally decided to clean them, ”the nurse answered． She looked at Mum strangely and said, “But aren't you working late?” Mum just pushed harder, each swipe（拖一下）of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall． I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book．

After a long time Mum came back． Her eyes were shining． She quickly put the mop back and took

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my hand． As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, “Thank you．” Outside, Mum told me, “Dagmar is fine． No fever． ” “You saw her, Mum?” “Of course． I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow． Dad will stop worrying as well． It's a fine hospital． But such floors!A mop is no good． You need a brush．” 51． When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was ．

A． to clean the floor B． to please the nurse B． to see a patient D． to surprise the story-teller 52． When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a ． A． nurse

C． patient B． visitor D． cleaner 53． After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital? A.It is a children's hospital． B． It has strict rules about visiting hours． C． The conditions there aren't very good． D． The nurses and doctors there don't work hard． 54． From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely A． the story-teller's sister B． Mum's friend C． the story-teller's classmate D． Dad's boss 55． Which of the following words best describes Mum? A． strange C． clever B． warm-hearted D． hard-working When you want to see if a library has the book you want, you can use the catalogue（目录）in the library． Most catalogues of books in a library take the form of small cards kept in boxes． One way of arranging（排列）the cards is in ABC order by the family names of the writers．

Catalogue cards usually give the following important information:（1）the name of the writer,（2）the shelf-mark（架号）, that is, the Dewey number which helps people to find where the books are,（3）the title of the book,（4）the year of publication and the publisher, and（5）the number of pages in the book．

56． If you know the title of a book and want to find out if it is in the catalogue, what else do you need to

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know? A.The shelf-mark． B． The name of the writer． C． The Dewey number． D． The year of publication．

57． Which of the following is the kind of catalogue card described in the text? Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food． Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership（伙伴关系）which does good to both of them． You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep． This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites（寄生虫）on sheep． The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort． So although they can manage without each other, they do better together．

Sometimes an animal has a plant partner． The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other． This is so in the corals（珊瑚）of the sea． In their skins they have tiny plants which act as “dustman”, taking some of the waste products from the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe． If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die． 58． Some birds like to sit on a sheep because ． A.they can eat its parasites B． they depend on the sheep for existence C． they enjoy travelling with the sheep D． they find the position most comfortable 59． The underlined word “they” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to． A． birds and parasites B． birds and sheep C． parasites and sheep D． sheep, birds and parasites 60． It can be learnt from the text that the coral depends on the plant for ． A． comfort B． light C． food D． oxygen

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61． What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? A． Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence． B． Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily． C． Some plants depend on each other for food． D． Some animals live better together．

In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside． In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits． Women did not walk about on the beach（沙滩）in their bathing dresses． They hired a bathing machine． A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea． It cost 2 pence（便士）to hire a machine and an attendant（侍者）． When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine． Then she changed into her bathing dress． When she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea． The bathing machine stopped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water． If she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in．

62． A 19th century English lady bathing in the sea would wear something like: 63． Who used the bathing machine? A.Women bathers． B.Both men and women bathers．

C.Bathers who couldn't swim． D． Bathers who couldn't walk．

64． A bathing machine was mainly used for ． A． giving the bather a pleasure ride on the beach B． giving the bather some exercise before getting into the water C． protecting the bather from catching cold from the sea wind D． protecting the bather from being seen in a bathing dress out of water 65． In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things． Which is the right order for doing them?

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a． Changing into bathing clothes b． Getting out of the bathing machine c． Paying 2 pence d． Getting into the bathing machine e． Being taken down the beach f． Getting into the water A． e, d, a, b, f, c B． c, d, a, e, b, f C． c, d, e, a, b, f C． d, a, e, b, f, c

EVENTS（赛事）

Bicycle tour（旅行）and race A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27（Sat． & Sum．）． At 5:30am, the riders will leave Tian'anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometres as a training leg． Then the next 55 kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive（竞争性的）part of the tour． The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli．

The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaibe, covering a distance of 20 kilometres． Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper． Sunday morning is free for play at the seaside． At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing．

Cost:200 yuan Telephone:4675027 Brazilian footballers The Brazilian Football Club will play Beijing Guo'an Team at the Workers Stadium on August 26．

The club has four national team players ． Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star Romario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes． Ticket prices:60,100,150 yuan Time/Date:4:30 pm, August 26（Sat．）

Rock climbing The Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26-27 at the Huairou Mountain-climbing Training Base． More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part in it． A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing． Free for spectators（观众）．

Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou． Time/Dates:9-12 am, August 26 and 27 Telephone:7143177, 7144850, Wang Zhenghua 66． The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ． A． visiting teams B． famous players C． things to do for the weekend D． prices to pay for the sports events

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Telephone:5012372

67． If you take part in the bike tour, you will ride for ． A． 35 kilometres B． 55 kilometres C． 75 kilometres D． 110 kilometres 68． the underlined word “leg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means ． A． race B． practice C． part of the training D． part of the tour 69． What is special about the rock climbing competition? A． A foreign team takes part in it． B． You can watch it without paying．

C． You don't have to be a sportsman to take part． D． The bus trip to the place of the competition is free．

70． If you want to find something to do for Saturday afternoon, which telephone number will you call? A． 4675027 B． 7143177 C． 5012372 D． 7144850

四、能力测试

Building a house costs quite a lot of money． Suppose you plan to build a house． Your first step will be to find a right piece of land． Your choice will depend on many different things． You will probably try to find a sunny place, with pleasant surroundings（环境）near shops and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work．

Next you will find an excellent builder, and together with the builder you will work out a plan． The builder will draw the plan． It will show the number of rooms, their position and size, and other parts which must be noticed, such as windows, doors, and electric outlets． The builder will work out how much money is needed to build your house． He will work out the cost of the wood, bricks, the glass, and everything else that must be used in building the house． Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate（预算）must be corrected and revised（修正． His estimate is based on existing prices, but prices of such things may change, and many other things may happen between the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house．

When the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to change your plan．（You may also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too high!）You may find that some of the features（特征）you wanted as first cost too much, or that you can spend a little more and add something to your plan． The builder's estimate depends on the plan, but the final plan depends on the builder's estimate．

1． The best title of this passage is _____．

A.Building a House Costs Much Money

B.Estimate Is Important

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第五篇：英语四级考前冲刺作文

巨微英语四六级

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英语四级考前冲刺作文范文大全

英语四级考前冲刺作文：看电影

作文题目：

随着科技的进步，现在看电影的方式不一，既可以在家看DVD、网络电影，也可以选择在电影院观看电影。对此，你的看法呢？ 参考范文：

Advantage of Watching Movie in Cinema

With the rapid development of technique, there are many ways for people to watch movies.Some people choose to watch movie in cinema, some choose to watch at home.Different people have different choices.As for me, I prefer to watch movie in cinema, because there are so many benefits.Firstly, watching movie in cinema makes people feel comfortable.Especially when you finish your all day work, it’s a perfect choice to watch movie in cinema.As we all know, cinema is a huge space, people can relax in theater.Also, you can focus on movie because the screen is enough huge and the sound is enough clear.What’s more, theater is always clean, it make people feel like watching movies at home.巨微英语四六级

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Secondly, theater is a good choice for couples.Most young people like to go to theater to watch movies, because they think it’s better to cultivate relationship in big theater.The atmosphere of the cinema is more suitable for lovers.People's state of mind will change with the ups and downs of film.So, most young people will choose to watch love story in cinema.Thirdly, it’s very easy to get a ticket.We don’t need to waste much time for waiting in line.Nowadays, we have many ways to buy cinema tickets.The most typical way is to buy on the internet.Everything can be completed on the computer;all we need to do is to click the mouse.Science and technology make our life become very convenient.Besides, a movie ticket is not expensive, many people are affordable.Sacrifice a little money to buy comfortable experience, why not does it? The fast pace of life need to unzip the agent, and the cinema is good way to relax.In conclusion, there’re so many benefits when we choose to go to the theater to watch movies.In today, life is wonderful, so we should find a more funny way to live.Let our life full of fun.巨微英语四六级

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英语四级考前冲刺作文：考试作弊

作文题目：Cheating On Exams

1.在各类考试中，都发现有学生作弊的现象。2.作弊所带来的不利影响。3.怎样制止作弊。参考范文：

With the development of the society, people pay more and more attention to education.As a result, thousands of students take part in various examinations.However, some students have been found cheating on their exams.Some of them copy from each others, some took out their textbooks or reference books to copy, some copied from small pieces of paper on which they had prepared for the exam, still some used the modern communication tools such as mobile phone as a way to cheat on exams.Then, what’s the effect of cheating on exam? There are three factors for this.First, it results in an unfair competition and will destroy the creativity of those bright students.Second, it will ruin the students’ self-confidence in the long run.Third, under that kind of circumstances, the students graduated from the schools will not be the one who can meet the need of the society.巨微英语四六级

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However, how to stop cheating on exam? In my opinion, there are two ways we can adopt.First, a severe punishment should be put into effect to prevent students from cheating.Second, great effort should be made to make students understand what kind of person the society needs and try to improve their self-confidence.英语四级考前冲刺作文：爱幼比尊老更普遍？

最近发现了一个现象，就是很多家长现在对小孩的事情倾尽精力，然而却疏于关系自己的长辈。自古以来，尊老爱幼就是一种传统，即尊老爱幼是一种平等的现象，不存在偏倚。题目要求：

1.现在有很多人关心下一代超过关心上一代 2.这一现象带来什么问题 3.你认为应该怎么做 作文题目：

We Should Balance Our Love 参考范文：

Nowadays it is common to see that many parents focus their attention on their children, but leave their own parents without proper care.The most typical example is the phenomenon 巨微英语四六级

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of empty nest seniors.This problem has aroused the public concern and has become the hot topic of many discussions.Paying little attention to older parents can have serious consequences.First, the elderly often feel lonely and depressed if there is no child with whom they can talk, and this can have a bad effect on their mental health.Second, the aged parents with no children by their sides can have a lot of trouble in their daily life due to disease or old age.In my opinion, we should take the following measures.Children should be encouraged to live with or near their old parents, which is very helpful for them to know their parents, concern and attend their daily life.And it is also necessary for them to create chances to communicate with their aged parents.Besides, our government should strive to establish the service system for the elderly and expand its social insurance coverage among them.英语四级考前冲刺作文：不文明游客

世界那么大，我想去看看。一句话道出多少人的心声~~但近几年来新闻陆续播出旅游中游客的不文明行为越来越多，对此，童鞋们有什么看法呢？ 下面看看范文：不文明游客。巨微英语四六级

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题目要求： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Uncivilized Tourists.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.参考范文：

Uncivilized Tourists Recently, there is a popular saying: the world is so large that I want to have a look!As more and more people travel around during their holidays, tourists have brought large sum of money to the local people.However, too many tourists also bring some problems to the local life.The most serious problem is the pollution caused by the uncivilized tourists.It’s reported that there were thousands of tons of rubbish left after the flag-raising ceremony on Oct.1st.The uncivilized tourists left their rubbish wherever they go, polluting the local environment.Another problem is the traffic jam caused by so many tourists.Tourist can promote the economic development of the local areas, but the pollution caused by those uncivilized tourists has brought severe problems.The local tourist authority should set up relative laws to protect the environment of the local areas, 巨微英语四六级

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and every tourist obey the laws and help to make the places of tourist more beautiful!

英语四级考前冲刺作文：学习和体育锻炼冲突吗？

学生，学生固然以学为主，然而大学生真的要两耳不闻窗外事，一心只读圣贤书嘛？其实，必要的体育锻炼是很重要的。毕竟，身体是革命的本钱，锻炼身体，人人有责呀！作文题目：学习VS体育锻炼 题目要求：

1、对大学生的时间安排有两种不同的看法：有人认为大学生就该整天读书;有人认为参加体育锻炼时大学生生活的一部分

2、我的看法(并举例说明)。

3、学习和体育锻炼的关系 参考范文：

How to arrange/allocate time? This issue splits college students apart.Some inpiduals’ schedules are packed with various tasks related to study.They immerse themselves in books and don’t do regular physical exercise.But most of the college students support the value of physical exertion.To develop or maintain physical fitness and overall health, we must involve in regular sports practice.Chen Jingrun, a 巨微英语四六级

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Mathematics towering figure, planted himself in complex questions without physical exercise.His premature death highlighted the significant health benefits from sports.Historically, physical activity has been associated with health.Today, science has confirmed the link, with overwhelming evidence that people who lead active lifestyles are less likely to die early, or to experience major illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes and cancers.Therefore, we should attach equal importance to physical exercise as well as study.英语四级考前冲刺作文：过度依赖网络好嘛？

如今，流传着这样一种说法：不会问度娘！诚然，互联网的发达让我们的生活愈发便捷，哪里不会，就上网直接搜答案，然而这样却导致了人们的懒惰，当遇到麻烦的时候，第一时间不是自己思考而是网络求助；而且，万一，对方给的答案是错误的该怎么办呢？ 作文题目：We Shouldn't Totally Turn to the Internet 题目要求：

1.现在不少人一遇到问题就上网搜答案 巨微英语四六级

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2.这种现象可能产生的影响 3.你认为应该怎么做

Nowadays, Internet has become an indispensable part in our life, and we use it for various purposes, such as searching useful information and chatting online.However, now more and more people turn to the Internet for help whenever they have trouble in finding solutions to their problems, and this phenomenon has aroused the public's attention.Relying on the Internet to solve all our difficulties can have bad impacts on us.On one hand, since we can always settle the troubles by searching solutions online, we can become very lazy and don't bother to think up answers by ourselves, which can hinder the development of creative thinking.On the other hand, the answers online may be inaccurate or wrong.If we use them without thinking the credibility of them, we may make serious mistakes someday.As far as I'm concerned, we shouldn't completely depend on the Internet to settle problems.When we come across some difficulties, we’d better try our best to find possible solutions.If we make great efforts and still can't come up with an answer, then we can surf online to search solutions.But we 巨微英语四六级

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should question the correctness of these answers before we adopt them.英语四级考前冲刺作文：团购

题目要求：

Group Purchasing

1.现在团购很流行

2.团购有很多好处，但也有不少问题

3.我的建议

参考范文：

Group Purchasing

In recent years, a new type of online shopping is rapidly gaining popularity — group purchasing, which was originally introduced from foreign countries but is now widely accepted all over China.People can buy not only goods, but also all kinds of services on group purchasing sites.巨微英语四六级

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Group purchasing is very convenient, and saves people a lot of money.But it also has some problems.Since group purchasing is nothing more than another form of online shopping, the nature of it is no different from other online shopping patterns.Problems that exist in online shopping also can be found in group purchasing, like deceptive advertisements or poor after-sale services.In my opinion, we should treat group purchasing as a way of shopping and nothing more.We must be careful not to buy something we don’t need only to follow the fashion.英语四级考前冲刺作文：空气污染

【题目要求】

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the following question.Suppose you are the environment minister of your country.What are you going to do to solve the air pollution in recent years? You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】 巨微英语四六级

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My plan to solve the air pollution

The air pollution has become a serious problem in recent years.If not solved, it will cause many health problems to our citizens.As the environment minister, I do feel obliged to take some measures to tackle this problem.Here’s my plan.In the first place, I urge that cars be restricted based on the odd and even number rule.It can be seen that the air condition at weekends is much better than that on weekdays, one of the reasons for which is the decreasing number of cars on the road.Therefore, to limit the cars during the weekdays is a good solution.Second, I would like to abandon the barbecue stalls.Actually, it’s not healthy.Besides, the barbecue smoke also pollutes the air, so it’s better to abandon the barbecue stalls.Last but not least, I strongly recommend that relative laws be made to inspect those factories which produce excessive smoke, especially those steel plants, organic chemical plants, and coking plants.巨微英语四六级

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英语四级考前冲刺作文：自主创业

作文题目：

Self employment 参考范文：

Self employment could bring many advantages.One of the advantages of being self-employed is that the profit the business makes belongs to the owner.If the self-employed person succeeds in business, he has the chance to earn a great deal of money.The profit earned is the reward for the owner’s effort, ability and creativity.Thus, a second advantage is that a person’s intelligence and abilities have a direct effect on the earnings.A third advantage of being self-employed is that a person can control his working hours.While not all self-employed people are completely free, most of them have more control over this area than the salaried people.However, being self-employed is not without problems.First, being one’s own boss places the responsibility directly on that inpidual shoulders.Everyone has some weaknesses in a certain aspects.These weaknesses will affect how successful 巨微英语四六级

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a self-employed person is.Second, though the self-employed can earn considerable profits with a successful business, losses can force them out of business and sometimes, place them in debt.A third disadvantage concerns income security.Self-employed people have no guaranteed wage.Their earnings can vary greatly, depending on business conditions.Salaried people, however, can generally count on continued earnings.In addition, salaried people often enjoy fringe benefits that mean greater peace of mind.One of these benefits may be insurance paid for by the employer that continues the employee’s salary in the event of sickness or accident while many self-employed people do not have such protection.