第一篇：春节由来英文
Chunjie is the first day of the lunar calendar.It is the day when the earth has circled the sun for one round and is beginning another circling.It represents a new beginning when people send off the old days and welcome the new ones.As the first day of the year, Yuandan has been considered to be the most important festival since the ancient times.Customs
1.Kaisui(beginning of the year): According to the Chinese traditional custom, starting from haishi(9p.m.to 11p.m.)of the last evening of the twelfth lunar month, each family must prepare offering s to deities at the altar.At the same time, they too prepare food for the New Year day: The whole family will then stay awake together to attend to the year(called shou sui).After haishi, zishi(11p.m.to 1a.m.)will come, and this is the arrival of New Year(Yuandan).At this moment, people begin the celebration with fireworks.Vegetarian and sweet foods will then be placed are the altar for offerings, and incense be burned to welcome the deities.In the ancient times, it was believed that haishi connected the two years and thus was called kaisui.At the same night, some families will follow the instruction in Tongshu and place preparing altar in the direction of the “fortune deity” during the “fortune time” to receive the deity.If the direction of the “fortune deity” is at the “ill position”, people will choose to receive “happy deity” or “noble deity” instead.2.There is an apparent difference in the custom of food taking on Yuandan between the Chinese in the northern and southern regions.The northern Chinese has the habit of taking jiao zi(dumpling made of flour with vegetable and meat wrapped inside).Some people may put a sweet or a coin inside jiao zi, hoping to have a sweet year after tasting the sweet and a wealthy year after tasting the coin.on the other hand, the southern Chinese have the taboo for killing on Yuandan.Therefore, they do not take meat in tee morning of Yuandan, so as to avoid bloodshed or mutual slaughter.In order to evade misfortune, they have the first meal of this day without meat.Instead, they take vegetarian food for the sake of virtue.3.What is special during the New Year is that parents or elders will distribute red packets(ang pao or ya sui qian)to the children.People in the ancient times were more particular in giving away the red packets: the distribution took place on the eve of New Year so that the kids could suppress the past year and enter the New Year.Ya sui has the meaning of overcoming the unpredictable future.Representing the wishes for the healthy psychological growth of the children, ya sui qian symbolises the elders' hope to see their children overcome all the unpredictable elements brought by the “year”.4.There is an extraordinary number of taboos on Yuandan.Each place has its own customs of taboo.Here, we will mention only a few common taboos in Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Southeast Asia:
In the past, people commonly believed that fortune was hidden in the house.So, wsweeping of floor must be done in the direction moving inwards, and there was no clearance of rubbish at night.Particularly on the New Tear day, in order to keep fortune from flowing out, there was no sweeping.Some families kept this taboo until the fifth or even the fifteenth day.If anything was broken, the pieces were wrapped up in order not to let the fortune slip away and were disposed only the fifth day.Yuandan(in more serious families, the period extends from the 1st to the 15th day)marks the new beginning.In the hope that New Year brings good beginning, people should utter neither unkind words nor vulgar language.Making noises, fighting, quarreling and especially weeping are avoided to deter misfortune.There are even taboos of taking medicine and having sneeze, for it is believed that they can lead to sickness throughout the year.Taboos of the past also concerned the use of knife and the breaking of things.If a thing was broken, the word “break” or any other word importing similar meaning was not used.Instead, words like “failing to the floor and blossoming like flowers” which delivered pleasant senses were used to suggest good connections.On Yuandan, neither lending and nor giving of money to others is done so that there will be no out-flowing of money during the year.There is also the saying that if a male sleeps in the afternoon, his career will breakdown, and if a female has an afternoon nap, the kitchen will collapse.5.Ancient rite: In the past, there was a rite called he zheng(proper greeting)during New Year.When a person paid a New Year visit to friends or relatives, he took along a piece of paper or card on which the name of the host was written wit Chinese brush.The receiver of this greeting card would normally paste it on the wall of his main hall to show his respect to and appreciation for the visitor.The quantity of greeting card received reflected the person's public relationship with others, while the names and status of the people who gave the greeting cards indicated the host's boundary of social network and standard of living.Nowadays, because of easy communication, convenient transportation system and wider social network, when people send their greetings they tend to follow the Western style.The greeting is now done by mail and even by email.Today, he zheng is done by simply bringing along red packets and food presents when making a visit.To be in line with the custom of to giving away money on the first day, families in some places do not pay New Year call to others.Instead, the whole family simply goes out to enjoy themselves or stayed at home for family happiness.6.In the past, there was a superstition that when a person left his house in the New Year, he must take the correct first step.A particular person would look for the fortunate direction in accordance with the day, month and year of this birth basing on the explanation of Chinese calendar.On Yuan Dan, when a person stepped out of his house, he must go in the fortunate direction and avoid the unfortunate direction.Even people of less particularity also consulted Chinese calendar to find out where the fortunate directions and fierce deities were before the first step out of their houses.Meaning
From the above mentioned customs, we can see that there are especially many taboos during Chinese New Year.On Yuan Dan in particular, there are more taboos on speech and behaviour than
those on other ordinary days.Similarly, there are more activities in pursuit of good cause than usual.On probing the activities and taboos, we have no difficulty to understand that the theme behind is always related to fortune, wealth and goodness, and that people usually concern themselves with a good beginning for the year.Some taboos may look superstitious on the surface, but they do produce efficacy.If we practise them circumspectively, they will yield practical results.For example, the prohibition of bad words, quarrel, weeping and crying, together with the emphasis on thinking positively even when things are broken, provide some normative rules for people to follow.This gives people the opportunity to mend their ways, to develop good attitudes, and to form a habit of thinking positively and looking at the good side of things.The prohibition of sweeping and disposing the rubbish in the first five days forces people to arrange their things and clear away the rubbish properly at the end of each year, so that no unwanted things will be carried forward to the new year.At the same time, the taboo also compels people to learn to be thrifty.This is because to prevent accumulated things from becoming rubbish, people must be careful in the use of any paper or other things, and thus avoid waste of things.The avoidance of medicine and sneeze on the first day looks like a joke and is absurd as far as the patient is concerned.However, because of the taboos, people will be conscious enough to take serious care of their health during the windy and snowing season.Thus, they will avoid falling sick in the New Year and wasting away the precious spring hours.Nowadays, people have abandoned the custom of bringing along greeting cards when they go for New Year house visits.However, Chinese Malaysians still maintain the habit of sending New Year greeting cards by post before the New Year.There are even non-Chinese sending New Year greeting cared in English or Malay languages to their Chinese friends.Moreover, the Chinese like to use colourful New Year cared to decorate their houses, so as to strengthen the New Year atmosphere.Like the ancient days' greeting cards for he zheng which were displayed in the main hall, these modern New Year cards also reflect the social position of the persons who receive the cards.Thus, in the way, the ancient rite of he zheng has developed in Malaysia with a Malaysian colour.
第二篇：春节的由来(英文)
The Origin of Chinese New Year
The Chinese New Year is now popularly known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the Begining of Spring(the first of the twenty-four terms in coodination with the changes of Nature).Its origin is too old to be traced.Several explanations are hanging around.All agree, however, that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese solely means year, was originally the name of a monster beast that started to prey on people the night before the beginning of a new year.One legend goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would swallow a great many people with one bite.people were very scared.One day, an old man came to their rescue, offering to subdue Nian.To Nian he said, I hear say that you are very capable, but can you swallow the other beasts of prey on earth instead of people who are by no means of your worthy opponents? So, it did swallow many of the beasts of prey on earth that also harrassed people and their domestic animals from time to time.After that, the old man disappeared riding the beast Nian.He turned out to be an immortal god.Now that Nian is gone and other beasts of prey are also scared into forests, people begin to enjoy their peaceful life.Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper decorations on their windows and doors at each years end to scare away Nian in case it sneaked back again, because red is the color the beast feared the most.From then on, the tradition of observing the conquest of Nian is carried on from generation to generation.The term Guo Nian, which may mean Survive the Nian becomes today Celebrate the(New)Year as the word guo in Chinese having both the meaning of pass-over and observe.The custom of putting up red paper and firing fire-crackers to scare away Nian should it have a chance to run loose is still around.However, people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, except that they feel the color and the sound add to the excitement of the celebration.
第三篇：春节的由来专题
春节又叫阴历(农历)年，俗称过年。起源于殷商时期年头岁尾的祭神祭祖活动，是我国民间最隆重、最热闹的一个古老传统节日。节日喜庆气氛要持续一个月。正月初一前有祭灶、祭祖等仪式；节中有给儿童压岁钱、亲朋好友拜年等典礼；节后半月又是元宵节，其时花灯满城，游人满街，盛况空前，元宵节过后，春节才算结束了。
习俗：祭灶 扫尘 贴春联、门神 年画 倒贴“福”字 除夕夜 年夜饭(团年饭)祭祖 守岁 迎春 红包(压岁钱)新年赠橘 新年放爆竹 拜年 接财神 回娘家 初六送穷
来历
关于春节的来历有很多传说，流传最广的是下面的故事：
相传，中国古时候有一种叫年的怪兽，头长触角，凶猛异常。年长年深居海底，每到除夕才爬上岸，吞食牲畜伤害人命。因此，每到除夕这天，村村寨寨的人们扶老携幼逃往深山，以躲避年兽的伤害。
这年除夕，桃花村的人们正扶老携幼上山避难，从村外来了个乞讨的老人，只见他手拄拐杖，臂搭袋囊，银须飘逸，目若朗星。乡亲们有的封窗锁门，有的收拾行装，有的牵牛赶羊，到处人喊马嘶，一片匆忙恐慌景象。这时，谁还有心关照这位乞讨的老人。
只有村东头一位老婆婆给了老人些食物，并劝他快上山躲避年兽，那老人捋髯笑道：婆婆若让我在家呆一夜，我一定把年兽撵走。
老婆婆惊目细看，见他鹤发童颜、精神矍铄，气宇不凡。可她仍然继续劝说，乞讨老人笑而不语。婆婆无奈，只好撇下家，上山避难去了。
半夜时分，年兽闯进村。它发现村里气氛与往年不同：村东头老婆婆家，门贴大红纸，屋内灯火通明。年兽浑身一抖，怪叫了一声。年朝婆婆家怒视片刻，随即狂叫着扑过去。将近门口时，院内突然传来砰砰啪啪的炸响声，年浑身战栗，再不敢往前凑了。
原来，年最怕红色、火光和炸响。这时，婆婆的家门大开，只见院内一位身披红袍的老人在哈哈大笑。年大惊失色，狼狈逃蹿了。
第二天是正月初一，避难回来的人们见村里安然无恙十分惊奇。这时，老婆婆才恍然大悟，赶忙向乡亲们述说了乞讨老人的许诺。乡亲们一齐拥向老婆婆家，只见婆婆家门上贴着红纸，院里一堆未燃尽的竹子仍在啪啪炸响，屋内几根红蜡烛还发着余光……
欣喜若狂的乡亲们为庆贺吉祥的来临，纷纷换新衣戴新帽，到亲友家道喜问好。这件事很快在周围村里传开了，人们都知道了驱赶年兽的办法。
从此每年除夕，家家贴红对联、燃放爆竹；户户烛火通明、守更待岁。初一一大早，还要走亲串友道喜问好。这风俗越传越广，成了中国民间最隆重的传统节日。
第四篇：春节各种习俗由来
春节各种习俗由来
1.春节拜年的由来
大年初一，人人都早早起来，打扮得整整齐齐，出门走亲访友，相互拜年，恭祝来年大吉大利。
关于拜年习俗的由来，传说远古时代有一种怪兽，头顶长独角，口似血盆，人们叫它做“年”。每逢腊月三十晚上，它便窜出山林，掠食噬人。人们只好备些肉食放在门外，然后把大门关上，躲在家里，直到初一早晨，“年”饱餐后扬长而去，人们才开门相见，作揖道喜，互相祝贺
2.春节守岁的由来
守岁，即除夕之夜人们通宵不寐，打牌、聊天、放鞭炮、包饺子…… 守岁习俗始于南北朝，梁朝的庾肩吾、徐君倩，都有守岁的诗文。“一夜连双岁，五更分二年。”古时，守岁也叫“照虚耗”，人们点起蜡烛或油灯，通宵守夜，象征着把一切邪瘟病疫照跑驱走，期待着新的一年吉祥如意。这种风俗被人们流传至今。
3.鞭炮的由来
无论是过年过节，还是结婚嫁娶，进学升迁，以至大厦落成、商店开张等等，只要为了表示喜庆，人们都习惯放鞭炮来庆祝。
这个习俗在我国已有2000多年的历史了。《荆楚岁时记》曾经这样记载，正月初一，鸡叫头一遍时，大家就纷纷起床，在自家院子里放爆竹，来逐退瘟神恶鬼。
当时没有火药，没有纸张，人们便用火烧竹子，使之爆裂发声，以驱逐瘟神，这当然是迷信，但却反映了古代劳动人民渴求安泰的美好愿望。
到了唐朝，鞭炮又被人们称为“爆竿”，大概是将一支较长的竹竿逐节燃烧，连续发爆破之声。南昌诗人来鹄的《早春》诗句：“新历才将半纸开，小亭犹聚爆竿灰。”写的就是当时春节燃烧竹竿的情景。
后来，炼丹家经过不断的化学试验，发现硝石、硫黄和木炭合在一起能引起燃烧和爆炸，于是发明了火药。有人将火药装在竹筒里燃放，声音更大，使得火烧竹子这一古***俗发生了根本变化。北宋时，民间已经出现了用卷纸裹着火药的燃放物，还有丹响和双响的区别，改名“爆仗”，后又改为“鞭炮”。
4.年夜饭各种吃食的由来
除夕之夜，无论相隔多远，工作有多忙，人们总希望回到自己家中，吃一顿团团圆圆的年夜饭。有时实在不能回家时，家人们也总是为他留一个位子，留一副碗筷，表示与他团聚。这年夜饭也叫“合家欢”，是人们极为重视的家亭宴会。按照我国民间的传统习惯，年夜饭的吃食很有讲究，通常有馄饨、饺子、长面、元宵等等。
新年吃馄饨取其开初之意。传说盘古氏开天劈地，使“气之轻清上浮者为天，气之重浊下凝者为地”，结束了混沌状态，才有了宇宙四方。再则取“馄饨”与“浑囤”的谐音，意思是粮食满囤。
饺子是我国的传统食品之一。也称作扁食或煮饽饽。古来只有馄饨而无饺子。后来将馄饨做成新月形就成饺子了。在唐代吃饺子的习惯已经传到我国的边远地区了。
除夕夜，十二点钟声一敲响，就开始吃饺子，因此时正是子时，取其新旧交替，子时来临之意。
长面，也叫长寿面，新年吃它，预祝寿长百年。古代的一切面食都叫做饼，所以汤面起初也叫汤饼，开始的面片不是擀成或压成的，而是将和好的面，用手往锅里撕片片，和现在北方吃的“乌鸦头”、“猴耳子”等的做法差不多。到唐代以后开始用案板擀面，才逐饯有了长面、短面，不少地方在吃年饭的时候还搭配些副食品，要想讨个吉利的口采。吃枣(春来早)，吃柿饼(事如意)，吃杏仁(幸福来)，吃豆腐(全家福)，吃三鲜菜(三阳开泰)，吃长生果(长生不老)，吃年糕(年糕年糕，一年比一年高)。
当然，现在的年夜饭品种就更加丰富了，什么鸡鸭鱼肉、山珍海味，大约一年中能见到的最好的菜肴都摆上了餐桌。
5.舞狮子的由来
每逢春节或其它一些庆典活动，我国民间都盛行舞狮。在阵阵锣鼓鞭炮声中，几个大狮子欢腾跳跃，平添了许多节日的喜庆、热闹气氛。舞狮子在中国已经有很长的历史了。
有关狮子舞的记载，最早见于《汉书·礼乐志》，其中提到“象人”，照三国时魏国人孟康的解释，“象人”就是扮演鱼、虾、狮子的艺人。由此可见，至迟三国时已有狮子舞了。南北朝时，民间也流行狮子舞。
到了唐朝，狮子舞已发展为上百人集体表演的大型歌舞，还作为燕乐舞蹈在宫廷表演，称为“太平乐”，又叫“五方狮子舞”。当时的狮子舞，还流传到了日本。日本的一幅“信西古乐图”中，就画有古代的日本奏乐舞的场面，与唐代的相似，只是规模小得多。唐代以后，狮子舞在民间广为流传。宋代的《东京梦录》记载说，有的佛寺在节日开狮子会，僧人坐在狮子上做法事、讲经以招来游人。明人张岱在《陶庵梦忆》中，介绍了浙江灯节时，大街小巷，锣鼓声声，处处有人围簇观看狮子舞的盛况。
6.红色表示吉祥的由来
在中国人心目中，红色意味着吉祥。过节过年，要张贴大红对联；嫁女娶妇要披红挂彩；生了孩子要送红喜蛋；送贺礼要有红纸包裹；开张奠基，要剪红绸缎。总之，一切表示喜庆、吉祥的，都离不开红色。其实，中国并不是从一开始就用红色表示吉庆的。
早在远古时代，我们的祖先曾用过黄色代表吉庆，也曾用过黑色和白色代表吉庆。到了汉朝，汉高祖称自己是“赤帝之子”。赤，就是红色。从那时起，红色就成了人民崇尚的颜色。汉朝以后，我国各地崇尚红色的风俗习惯已基本趋向一致，并一直沿袭了下来。
7.皇家建筑多用红墙黄瓦的由来
参观过故宫、颐和园、北海吗?你注意没有这些皇家建筑多用什么颜色?皇家建筑通常是黄色的琉璃瓦，红色的砖墙。为什么喜欢用黄色和红色呢?这与我们中国人对颜色的看法有关。
黄色在我国自古以来被认为是尊贵的颜色，因其在“五行”学说里代表中央方位(中央属土，土为黄色)。唐代，黄色被规定为代表皇室的色彩，其他人不能采用。到了宋代，封建帝王开始采用黄色琉璃瓦钉，以后便按此规定沿袭下来。其实皇帝很多东西都是黄色的，龙袍啦、圣旨啦，就连室内的许多装饰也是黄色的。如果民间随便穿黄色的衣服，真有谋反篡位的嫌疑了。
红色在我国被视为一种美满喜庆的色彩，意味着庄严、富贵。远在公元前11世纪周代，宫殿建筑就普遍采用红色，并流传后代。因为封建帝王的宫殿是最高统治者的活动场所，必须处处显示“至高无上”、“尊贵富有”，因此，绝大多数古代宫殿都是红墙黄瓦。
8.祝寿送寿桃的由来
每逢祝寿，尤其是给老年人祝寿，人们都喜欢送寿桃，以此来预祝过生日的寿星健康、长寿。这个送寿桃祝寿的习俗据说是从孙膑开始的。
传说，孙膑18岁时就离开家乡，到千里之外拜鬼谷子为师学习兵法。一晃十二年过去了，孙膑在师傅那里刻苦学习，废寝忘食，甚至从来没回过一次家。五月初五那一天，孙膑突然想起来，今天是母亲的生日；老母亲已经有八十高龄了，天天盼着儿子回家。十二年没见面了，不知母亲身体如何。再说孙膑的家里，这天大摆酒宴为老母亲庆寿。老母亲见全家人唯独少了一个孙膑，心里难过便哭了起来。正当一家人劝慰母亲时，孙膑回来了。孙膑看见母亲那因为思念儿子憔悴的面容，心里难过极了。他赶忙从怀里捧出师傅送的桃送给母亲说“今日告假回来，师傅送我一个桃孝敬您。”大家看见孙膑的母亲吃了桃以后，变得健康年轻了，纷纷效仿孙膑，在父母过生日的时候、甚至是一般亲朋好友过生日的时候，送上寿桃，表示衷心的祝福。
第五篇：春节的由来
春节的由来
中国农历年的岁首称为春节。是中国人民最隆重的传统节日，也象征团结、兴旺，对未来寄托新的希望的佳节。据记载，中国人民过春节已有4000多年的历史。关于春节的起源有很多说法，但其中为公众普遍接受的说法是，春节由虞舜兴起。公元前2000多年的一天，舜即天子位，带领着部下人员，祭拜天地。从此，人们就把这一天当作岁首。据说这就是农历新年的由来，后来叫春节。春节过去也叫元旦。春节所在的这一月叫元月。
中国历代元旦的日期并不一致：夏朝用孟春的元月为正月，商朝用腊月（十二月）为正月，秦始皇统一六国后以十月为正月，汉朝初期沿用秦历。汉武帝刘彻感到历纪太乱，就命令大臣公孙卿和司马迁造太阳历，规定以农历正月为一岁之首，以正月初一为一年的第一天，就是元旦。此后中国一直沿用夏历（阴历，又称农历）纪年，直到清朝未年，长达2080年。春节不同时代有不同名称。在先秦时叫上日、元日、改岁、献岁等；到了两汉时期，又被叫为三朝、岁旦、正旦、正日；魏晋南北朝时称为元辰、元日、元首、岁朝等；到了唐宋元明，则称为元旦、元、岁日、新正、新元等；而清代，一直叫元旦或元日。
1912年孙中山在南京就任中华民国临时大总统时，宣布废除旧历改用阳历（即公历），用民国纪年。并决定以公元1912年1月1日为民国元年1月1日。一月一日叫新年，但不称元旦。但民间仍按传统沿用旧历即夏历，仍在当年2月18日（壬子年正月初一）过传统新年，其他传统节日也照旧。有鉴于此，1913年（民国二年）7月，由当时北京政府任内务总长向大总统袁世凯呈上一份四时节假的报告，称：我国旧俗，每年四时令节，即应明文规定，拟请定阴历元旦为春节，端午为夏节，中秋为秋节，冬至为冬节，凡我国民都得休息，在公人员，亦准假一日。但袁世凯只批准以正月初一为春节，同意春节例行放假，次年（1914年）起开始施行。自此夏历岁首称春节。
1949年9月27日，中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议决定在建立中华人民共和国的同时，采用世界通用的公元纪年。为了区分阳历和阴历两个年，又因一年24节气的立春恰在农历年的前后，故把阳历一月一日称为元旦，农历正月初一正式改称春节。
地球绕太阳一周，历法上叫一年，循环往复，永无止境。但是，人们根据春、夏、秋、冬四季节气的不同，就以夏历正月初一为一年的岁首。每年农历十二月三十日（小月二十九）半夜子时（十二点）过后，春节就算正式来到了。
临近春节，人们采办年货，除夕时，全家团聚在一起吃年夜饭。贴年画、春联；迎接新的一年来临。
随着新中国的建立，春节庆祝活动更为丰富多彩。不仅保留了过去民间习俗，剔除了一些带有封建迷信的活动，而且增加了不少新的内容。使春节具有新的时代气息。1949年12月23日，中华人民共和国人民政府规定每年春节放假三天。
中国是个多民族的国家，各民族过新年的形式各有不同。汉族、满族和朝鲜族过春节的风俗习惯差不多，全家团圆，人们吃年糕、水饺以及各种丰盛的饭菜、张灯结彩，燃放鞭炮，并互相祝福。春节期间的庆祝活动极为丰富多样，有舞狮、耍龙的，也有踩高跷、跑旱船的。在有些地区人们沿袭过去祭祖敬神活动，祈求新的一年风调雨顺，平安、丰收。古代的蒙古族，把春节叫做白节，正月叫白月，是吉祥如意的意思。藏族是过藏历年。回族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族等，是过古尔邦节。春节也是苗族、僮族、瑶族等的盛大节日。
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