SQE Body of Knowledge

第一篇：SQE Body of Knowledge

I.Management and Leadership

A.Quality Philosophies and Foundations Explain how modern quality has evolved from quality control through statistical process control(SPC)to total quality management and

leadership principles(including Deming’s 14 points), and how quality has helped form various continuous improvement tools including lean, six sigma, theory of constraints, etc.(Remember)

B.The Quality Management System(QMS)1.Strategic planning

Identify and define top management’s responsibility for the QMS, including establishing policies and objectives, setting

organization-wide goals, supporting quality initiatives, etc.(Apply)2.Deployment techniques

Define, describe, and use various deployment tools in support of the QMS: benchmarking, stakeholder identification and analysis,performance measurement tools, and project management tools such as PERT charts, Gantt charts, critical path method(CPM), resource allocation, etc.(Apply)

3.Quality information system(QIS)

Identify and define the basic elements of a QIS, including who will contribute data, the kind of data to be managed, who will

have access to the data, the level of flexibility for future information needs, data analysis, etc.(Remember)C.ASQ Code of Ethics for Professional Conduct

Determine appropriate behavior in situations requiring ethical decisions.(Evaluate)

D.Leadership Principles and TechniquesDescribe and apply various principles and techniques for developing and organizing teams and leading quality initiatives.(Analyze)E.Facilitation Principles and Techniques

Define and describe the facilitator’s role and responsibilities on a team.Define and apply various tools used with teams, including brainstorming, nominal group technique, conflict resolution, force-field analysis, etc.(Analyze)

F.Communication Skills

Describe and distinguish between various communication methods for delivering information and messages in a variety of situations across all levels of the organization.(Analyze)G.Customer Relations

Define, apply, and analyze the results of customer relation measures such as quality function deployment(QFD), customer satisfaction surveys, etc.(Analyze)H.Supplier Management

Define, select, and apply various techniques including supplier qualification, certification, evaluation, ratings, performance improvement, etc.(Analyze)I.Barriers to Quality Improvement

Identify barriers to quality improvement, their causes and impact, and describe methods for overcoming them.(Analyze)

II.The Quality System

A.Elements of the Quality SystemDefine, describe, and interpret the basic elements of a quality system, including planning, control, and improvement, from product and

process design through quality cost systems, audit programs, etc.(Evaluate)

B.Documentation of the Quality SystemIdentify and apply quality system documentation components, including quality policies, procedures to support the system, configuration

management and document control to manage work instructions, quality records, etc.(Apply)

C.Quality Standards and Other Guidelines

Define and distinguish between national and international standards and other requirements and guidelines, including the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award(MBNQA), and describe key points of the ISO 9000 series of standards and how they are used.[Note: Industry-specific standards will not be tested.](Apply)

D.Quality Audits 1.Types of audits

Describe and distinguish between various types of quality audits such as product, process, management(system), registration

(certification), compliance(regulatory), first, second, and third party, etc.(Apply)2.Roles and responsibilities in audits

Identify and define roles and responsibilities for audit participants such as audit team(leader and members), client, auditee, etc.(Understand)

3.Audit planning and implementation Describe and apply the steps of a quality audit, from the audit planning stage through conducting the audit, from the perspective

of an audit team member.(Apply)

4.Audit reporting and follow up Identify, describe, and apply the steps of audit reporting and follow up, including the need to verify corrective action.(Apply)

E.Cost of Quality(COQ)

Identify and apply COQ concepts, including cost categories, data collection methods and classification, and reporting and interpreting results.(Analyze)

F.Quality Training

Identify and define key elements of a training program, including conducting a needs analysis, developing curricula and materials, and determining the program’s effectiveness.(Apply)

III.Product and Process Design

A.Classification of Quality Characteristics

Define, interpret, and classify quality characteristics for new products and processes.[Note: The classification of product defects is covered in IV.B.3.](Evaluate)

B.Design Inputs and Review

Identify sources of design inputs such as customer needs, regulatory requirements, etc.and how they translate into design concepts such as robust design, QFD, and Design for X(DFX, where X can mean six sigma(DFSS), manufacturability(DFM), cost(DFC), etc.).Identify and apply common elements of the design review process, including roles and responsibilities of participants.(Analyze)

C.Technical Drawings and Specifications

Interpret technical drawings including characteristics such as views, title blocks, dimensioning, tolerancing, GD&T symbols, etc.Interpret specification requirements in relation to product and process characteristics.(Evaluate)

D.Design Verification

Identify and apply various evaluations and tests to qualify and validate the design of new products and processes to ensure their fitness for use.(Evaluate)

E.Reliability and Maintainability

1.Predictive and preventive maintenance tools

Describe and apply these tools and techniques to maintain and improve process and product reliability.(Analyze)2.Reliability and maintainability indices

Review and analyze indices such as, MTTF, MTBF, MTTR, availability, failure rate, etc.(Analyze)

3.Bathtub curve Identify, define, and distinguish between the basic elements of the bathtub curve.(Analyze)

4.Reliability / Safety / Hazard Assessment Tools

Define, construct, and interpret the results of failure mode and effects analysis(FMEA), failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis(FMECA), and fault tree analysis(FTA).(Analyze)

IV.Product and Process Control

A.Tools

Define, identify, and apply product and process control methods such as developing control plans, identifying critical control points, developing and validating work instructions, etc.(Analyze)

B.Material Control

1.Material identification, status, and traceability Define and distinguish these concepts, and describe methods for applying them in various situations.[Note: Product recall

procedures will not be tested.](Analyze)

2.Material segregation Describe material segregation and its importance, and evaluate appropriate methods for applying it in various situations.(Evaluate)

3.Classification of defects

Define, describe, and classify the seriousness of product and process defects.(Evaluate)4.Material review board(MRB)

Identify the purpose and function of an MRB, and make appropriate disposition decisions in various situations.(Analyze)

C.Acceptance Sampling1.Sampling concepts

Define, describe, and apply the concepts of producer and consumer risk and related terms, including operating characteristic(OC)

curves, acceptable quality limit(AQL), lot tolerance percent defective(LTPD), average outgoing quality(AOQ), average outgoing quality limit(AOQL), etc.(Analyze)

2.Sampling standards and plans

Interpret and apply ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 and Z1.9 standards for attributes and variables sampling.Identify and distinguish between

single, double, multiple, sequential, and continuous sampling methods.Identify the characteristics of Dodge-Romig sampling tables and when they should be used.(Analyze)

3.Sample integrity

Identify the techniques for establishing and maintaining sample integrity.(Analyze)D.Measurement and Test

1.Measurement tools

Select and describe appropriate uses of inspection tools such as gage blocks, calipers, micrometers, optical comparators, etc.(Analyze)2.Destructive and nondestructive tests

Distinguish between destructive and nondestructive measurement test methods and apply them appropriately.(Analyze)

E.Metrology Identify, describe, and apply metrology techniques such as calibration systems, traceability to calibration standards, measurement error and

its sources, and control and maintenance of measurement standards and devices.(Analyze)

F.Measurement System Analysis(MSA)Calculate, analyze, and interpret repeatability and reproducibility(Gage R&R)studies, measurement correlation, capability, bias, linearity, etc.,including both conventional and control chart methods.(Evaluate)

V.Continuous Improvement

A.Quality Control ToolsSelect, construct, apply, and interpret tools such as 1)flowcharts, 2)Pareto charts, 3)cause and effect diagrams, 4)control charts, 5)check

sheets, 6)scatter diagrams, and 7)histograms.(Analyze)

B.Quality Management and Planning Tools Select, construct, apply, and interpret tools such as 1)affinity diagrams, 2)tree diagrams, 3)process decision program charts(PDPC), 4)

matrix diagrams, 5)interrelationship digraphs, 6)prioritization matrices, and 7)activity network diagrams.(Analyze)

C.Continuous Improvement Techniques

Define, describe, and distinguish between various continuous improvement models: total quality management(TQM), kaizen, plan-do-check-act(PDCA), six sigma, theory of constraints(TOC), lean, etc.(Analyze)

D.Corrective Action

Identify, describe, and apply elements of the corrective action process including problem identification, failure analysis, root cause analysis, problem correction, recurrence control, verification of effectiveness, etc.(Evaluate)

E.Preventive Action

Identify, describe, and apply various preventive action tools such as error-proofing/poka-yoke, robust design, etc., and analyze their effectiveness.(Evaluate)

VI.Quantitative Methods and Tools

A.Collecting and Summarizing Data

1.Types of data Define, classify, and compare discrete(attributes)and continuous(variables)data.(Apply)

2.Measurement scales

Define, describe, and use nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales.(Apply)3.Data collection methods

Describe various methods for collecting data, including tally or check sheets, data coding, automatic gaging, etc., and identify

their strengths and weaknesses.(Apply)4.Data accuracy

Describe the characteristics or properties of data(e.g., source/resource issues, flexibility, versatility, etc.)and various types of

data errors or poor quality such as low accuracy, inconsistency, interpretation of data values, and redundancy.Identify factors

that can influence data accuracy, and apply techniques for error detection and correction.(Apply)5.Descriptive statistics

Describe, calculate, and interpret measures of central tendency and dispersion(central limit theorem), and construct and

interpret frequency distributions including simple, categorical, grouped, ungrouped, and cumulative.(Evaluate)6.Graphical methods for depicting relationships

Construct, apply, and interpret diagrams and charts such as stem-and-leaf plots, box-and-whisker plots, etc.[Note: Run charts

and scatter diagrams are covered in V.A.](Analyze)

7.Graphical methods for depicting distributions Construct, apply, and interpret diagrams such as normal probability plots, Weibull plots, etc.[Note: Histograms are covered in

V.A.](Analyze)

B.Quantitative Concepts

C.D.E.F.G.H.Terminology Define and apply quantitative terms, including population, parameter, sample, statistic, random sampling, expected value, etc.(Analyze)2.Drawing statistical conclusions Distinguish between numeric and analytical studies.Assess the validity of statistical conclusions by analyzing the assumptions used and the robustness of the technique used.(Evaluate)3.Probability terms and concepts Describe and apply concepts such as independence, mutually exclusive, multiplication rules, complementary probability, joint occurrence of events, etc.(Apply)Probability Distributions1.Continuous distributions Define and distinguish between these distributions: normal, uniform, bivariate normal, exponential, lognormal, Weibull, chi square, Student’s t, F, etc.(Analyze)2.Discrete distributions Define and distinguish between these distributions: binomial, Poisson, hypergeometric, multinomial, etc.(Analyze)Statistical Decision-Making1.Point estimates and confidence intervalsDefine, describe, and assess the efficiency and bias of estimators.Calculate and interpret standard error, tolerance intervals, and confidence intervals.(Evaluate)2.Hypothesis testingDefine, interpret, and apply hypothesis tests for means, variances, and proportions.Apply and interpret the concepts of significance level, power, type I and type II errors.Define and distinguish between statistical and practical significance.(Evaluate)3.Paired-comparison tests Define and use paired-comparison(parametric)hypothesis tests, and interpret the results.(Apply)4.Goodness-of-fit tests Define and use chi square and other goodness-of-fit tests, and interpret the results.(Apply)5.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)Define and use ANOVAs and interpret the results.(Analyze)6.Contingency tables Define, construct, and use contingency tables to evaluate statistical significance.(Analyze)Relationships Between Variables1.Linear regression Calculate the regression equation for simple regressions and least squares estimates.Construct and interpret hypothesis tests for regression statistics.Use regression models for estimation and prediction, and analyze the uncertainty in the estimate.[Note: Non-linear models and parameters will not be tested.](Analyze)2.Simple linear correlation Calculate the correlation coefficient and its confidence interval, and construct and interpret a hypothesis test for correlation statistics.[Note: Serial correlation will not be tested.](Analyze)3.Time-series analysis Define, describe, and use time-series analysis including moving average, and interpret time-series graphs to identify trends and seasonal or cyclical variation.(Analyze)Statistical Process Control(SPC)1.Objectives and benefits Identify and explain objectives and benefits of SPC such as assessing process performance.(Understand)2.Common and special causes Describe, identify, and distinguish between these types of causes.(Analyze)3.Selection of variable Identify and select characteristics for monitoring by control chart.(Analyze)4.Rational subgrouping Define and apply the principles of rational subgrouping.(Apply)5.Control charts Identify, select, construct, and use various control charts, including-R,-s, inpiduals and moving range(ImR or XmR), moving average and moving range(MamR), p, np, c, u, and CUSUM charts.(Analyze)6.Control chart analysis Read and interpret control charts, use rules for determining statistical control.(Evaluate)7.PRE-control charts Define and describe how these charts differ from other control charts and how they should be used.(Apply)8.Short-run SPC Identify, define, and use short-run SPC rules.(Apply)Process and Performance Capability1.Process capability studies Define, describe, calculate, and use process capability studies, including identifying characteristics, specifications, and tolerances, developing sampling plans for such studies, establishing statistical control, etc.(Analyze)2.Process performance vs.specifications Distinguish between natural process limits and specification limits, and calculate percent defective.(Analyze)3.Process capability indices Define, select, and calculate Cp, Cpk, Cpm, and Cr, and evaluate process capability.(Evaluate)4.Process performance indices Define, select, and calculate Pp and Ppk and evaluate process performance.(Evaluate)Design and Analysis of Experiments

1.Terminology

Define terms such as dependent and independent variables, factors, levels, response, treatment, error, and replication.(Understand)2.Planning and organizing experiments

Define, describe, and apply the basic elements of designed experiments, including determining the experiment objective, selecting factors, responses, and measurement methods, choosing the appropriate design, etc.(Analyze)3.Design principles

Define and apply the principles of power and sample size, balance, replication, order, efficiency, randomization, blocking, interaction, and confounding.(Apply)

4.One-factor experiments Construct one-factor experiments such as completely randomized, randomized block, and Latin square designs, and use

computational and graphical methods to analyze the significance of results.(Analyze)

5.Full-factorial experiments Construct full-factorial designs and use computational and graphical methods to analyze the significance of results.(Analyze)

6.Two-level fractional factorial experiments

Construct two-level fractional factorial designs(including Taguchi designs)and apply computational and graphical methods to analyze the significance of results.(Analyze)1.