第一篇：英语中考备考作文大全
Two events in 2008
The year 2008 left us too many memories.But two of them are the most unforgettable.First, a big earthquake hit Si Chuan.It caused millions of deaths and destroyed many buildings.The second was the Olympic Games.It was so successful that everyone knew how strong China was!The two events let me know: Life is always filled with pain, frustration, and some other unexpected actions, the key is to change sadness into power.Don't be disappointed cause our strong country is always behind us.After I failed
Failure isn't rare.Everyone has ever failed.My biggest failure was last month's exam.I could hardly believe such low grades!However, I found out the leading reason quickly: I didn't have a good study method.I asked my mum for advice.She told me:“ Review the lessons carefully before you go to bed, recite the text after you get up.” I took them up.Sure enough, I achieved better grades the next week.In fact, failure isn't horrible cause it's the footstone and catalyst of success!
The person I never forget
Deep in my memory, there's a plump woman who I never forget——our Maths teacher.Without smile on her face, she's always strict with us.In fact, under her unfriendly face, there's an extremely friendly heart.Once I failed to work out a problem, I thought I was foolish and wanted to give it up.She encouraged me:“ High IQ doesn't tell the whole story, work harder, you can get good marks as well.”Till now, I still remember it clearly.She is the person I never forget.Things I want to do most
The summer holiday is coming closer and closer.It’s a good chance for me to do what I like.Firstly, I’d like to go swimming with my classmates.Not only to keep me fit, but also to improve the friendship between us.Secondly, I’ll listen to the music to relax myself.In the beautiful music, I can throw off all my worries.Thirdly, I want to read more books.Mum once told me “A person’s character is more important than his appearance” How I wish to do these things at once!
My colorful school life
I study in a beautiful school, and my school life is colorful.Every day, I have nine lessons.During the spare time, I talk about study and share study experience with my classmates.Teachers are friendly to us.They'll teach us patiently if we are confused.However, as the saying goes“ All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” By playing the basketball on P.E lessons, I throw off all my worries and know the importance of team work.Art lessons also make my school life more enjoyable.How I wish not to leave my school!
第二篇：中考英语作文备考
中考英语作文备考
一、与个人有关的
1、自荐类文章。参见夏令营，自荐做文化教师。Dear Miss Li, I am very happy to know that ×× School will start the summer camp.The middle school students from the Belt and Road countries will join it.I apply to be a teacher to introduce Chinese culture to them.I am interested in Chinese culture and I often talk with my classmates about it.In this summer camp, I’ll teach them how to speak Chinese, make dumplings and so on.What’s more, I’ll lead them to read Chinese poems and sing Chinese songs.In the evening, we’ll watch TV programs about Chinese culture.On weekends, we’ll hold some competitions about Chinese culture and the winners can get some souvenirs（纪念品）of traditional Chinese style.I’m sure they will enjoy themselves and learn a lot.I’m looking forward to learning from you.Yours sincerely，××
2、介绍个人习惯类文章。（发言稿）Good morning, everyone!
I’m glad to be here to talk about my habits.Everyone has a good and bad habits.So do I.I get up early and never stay up late.I like sports, so I often do exercise.In class, I listen to the teacher carefully and take notes.After class, I’ll finish my homework in time and do lots of reading every day.However, I often watch TV or play games for too long.I seldom help my parents with housework and I often eat junk food.Good habits are good for my whole life.I think I should develop good habits instead of bad ones.That’s all.Thanks for listening!
3、介绍他人类文章。
I am glad to introduce a good friend of mine.His name is Li Ming.He is in Class8, Grade9.He is very polite.When he meets his teachers or classmates, he always says hello to them.He also gets on well with others.He has made many friends.Whenever we have problems with our schoolwork, he is always ready to help us.He is kind to other people.He often tries his best to help people in need.Li Ming wants to be a useful man in the future.He is a model student for us and we should learn from him.4、个人安全类文章。（也属于社会问题）
How to Keep Ourselves Safe As children, we are not always safe in our daily life.So, I think it’s very important for us to keep safety in mind.Here are some of my suggestions.Every day we should walk to school with friends.We shouldn’t talk to strangers or go anywhere with them, or accept gifts from them without parents’ permission.School bullying（欺凌、恐吓）happens from time to time.To keep bullying away, we should talk to teachers or parents.Fighting can’t resolve（解决）problems.Internet is very useful these days, but there is also something bad on the Internet.It’s better for us to surf the internet with parents together.With the help of parents and teachers, we can grow up safe.5、与父母相处类文章。
Show Filial Piety（孝顺）for Our Parents Dear fellow students, As we know, parents are the most important people in our lives.They give us not only life but also unselfish(无私的)care along with our growth.So it is our duty to show filial piety for them and try hard to make them happy.As students, first, we should understand what they think about and be thankful for what they have done for us.Don’t behave rudely towards them.Second, we should spend a little more time at home, staying with them, sharing the housework.Third, we should, now and then, give them such pleasant surprises as a small gift at their birthday, school reports with good grades or teachers’ praise and so on.Fourth, we should stay and look after them when they don’t feel well.Action, boys and girls!Be better to parents right now.二、与别人沟通交流
6、感谢信类文章。感谢别人的帮助。
Dear Miss Wang, I’m glad to have the chance to write this letter.How time flies!I’ll graduate from the junior school soon, words can’t show my thanks to you.Three years ago, I was new in the class.I had no friends here and felt lonely.You encouraged me to make more friends.And you also told me how to study English well.With your help, I changed a lot.Now, I am outgoing.I would like to take an active part in various activities.I also improve my grades a lot.I’m so thankful to you for your kind help that I’ll work harder and try to do better in the future.Best wishes!
Yours，××
7、初中生活建议类文章。
My Advice on a Wonderful Junior School Life
I’m very glad to hear that you will be a junior student next term.Here are some suggestions for you.Firstly, you should have a positive attitude and make plans for studying.You need learn to be independent and communicate with others such as teachersparents and classmates.Secondly, you should not only study hard , but also pay attention to develop different kinds of interests and take part in more outdoor activities.Thirdly, when you are in public, you are supposed to follow the rules, keep yourself safe and help others who are in need.Finally, I think no matter when and where, if you have good manners and habits, you will get a happy life.Best wishes and enjoy your colorful middle school life!
三、其他社会热门话题
8、城市（家乡）发展类文章。作为一个中学生应该怎么做。
××is a beautiful city with a long history.It’s our hometown and it has changed a lot in the past few years.To make it be more and more beautiful, I often keep my room clean at home.On weekends, I do some cleaning in my neighborhood.I usually go to the park near my house on Sundays.I always collect the trash when I find it around the park.I never litter and I ask my classmates not to litter at school.Sometimes I plant trees on the hill near the school.My teachers take us to clean the streets once a month.There are a lot of things we can do.In order to make our city more and more beautiful, let’s work together and do our best.9、环保类文章。面对雾霾等越来越严重，环境大气污染问题我们应该怎么做。
As the haze weather(雾霾天气）is becoming more and more serious in many cities, people focus on(关注、聚焦）the environmental protection.As middle school students, what should we do? Something must be done to solve the problem.First, we should take buses or subways(地铁）instead of driving cars.If it is not far, we can walk or ride a bike.Second, we’d better not light fireworks during the festivals.Third, we are supposed to plant more trees.We shouldn’t throw away rubbish everywhere.In a word, we should try our best to protect our environment.The less pollution we make, the better life we will have.10、呼吁类文章（发言稿等）。公共自行车（共享单车）等的使用。
Dear friends，Nowadays, people can see that many bicycle parking lots have appeared(出现）in Changsha.They can provide many public bicycles for us.Not only can riding bicycles be good for the environment, but people can get more exercise.However, with the popularity of these bicycles, we should also pay attention to the ways of using them when we enjoy riding.For example, we are not supposed to stop our bicycles anywhere we want.What’s more, even though these bicycles don’t belong to us, it is still our duty to use them properly and prevent them from being damaged.If we can make full use of these bicycles, our life will be better and healthier.Thanks for your attention.11、调查类文章。关于互联网使用情况的调查。
Last week I made a survey about what to do on the Internet among some students.18% of the students like listening to music.26% of the students often watch movies.13% of the students prefer to do other things.We know we can do a lot of things on the Internet, but 28% of the students often use the Internet to play games.I think playing games is a waste of time.It’s bad for us.We’d better be away from it.We should use the Internet to do some useful things like studying English, searching for information and so on.
第三篇：2014中考备考英语
【中考备考】2014中考英语作文热点话题范文14篇
一．我的理想职业
最近，你班就“你的理想职业”展开了一次调查。请根据你们小组的情况写一篇英语短文，向英语校刊投稿。组员 理想职业 原因
Mary 时装设计师(fashion designer)喜欢漂亮衣服，擅长绘画
Kate 园艺工(gardener)喜爱植物，想让城市更美
Mike 作家 愿意与别人分享精彩故事
Tom 厨师 为别人煮健康美味的食物
你 ? ?
注意：1.词数80左右(短文的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数)；
2.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。
Recently we did a survey in our class in order to learn about students’ ideal jobs.Here’s a report about my group members’ ideas。
……
Hopefully everyone can realize their dreams in the future。
★ 范文
Recently we did a survey in our class in order to learn about students’ ideal jobs.Here’s a report about my group members’ ideas。
Mary wants to be a fashion designer because she likes beautiful clothes and is good at drawing.Kate wants to be a gardener, she lives plants, and she wants to make the cities better.Mike would like to be a writer.He’d like to share his wonderful stories with others.Tom would like to be a cook.He’d like to cook delicious food for others.I would like to be a policeman.I want to protect the people safe。
Hopefully everyone can realize their dreams in the future。
二．传统节日介绍
根据中文大意和英语提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于80词的短文。所给英文提示词供选用。注意：不要写出你的真实姓名和校名。假设你是刘伟，你的美国朋友MIKE 想通过你了解中国的传统节日。请你根据提示，给Mike 写一封e-mail，向他介绍我国传统节日春节的情况。
内容提示：1.春节是中国最重要的传统节日；2.春节期间人们的主要活动(节前、除夕、节日期间)< Spring Festival, traditional, decorate, on the eve of the festival, get together, set off fireworks, lucky money>
★ 范文
Dear Mike,How are you? I’m really glad that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals.There are many traditional festivals in China, such as Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and so on.I’d like to introduce the Spring Festival to you.Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China.It usually lasts for 15 days。
Days before the festival, people clean their houses.They think cleaning sweeps any bad luck.They decorate their houses with paper cuts.On the eve of the festival, family members get together and have big meals.Then they watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV.At midnight, they set off fireworks to welcome the New Year.During the festival, kids get lucky money from old
people.People visit their relatives and friends.They wish each a happy year and good luck.How happy we are。
Best wishes!
Yours,Liu Wei
三．节约用水
水是生命之源。随着水资源的短缺，节约用水是我们每个人的责任，请以此为话题写一篇不少于80字的短文。★ 范文
As we know, water is very important to man, we can’t live without water.The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less.But some people don’t care about it.They waste a lot of water in their daily life.Even worse, they pour dirty water into rivers.They throw rubbish into rivers, too.Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.Something must be done to stop the pollution.And I think it’s a great shame to waste while millions are in great need of water.I think what we can do is that we have to save every drop of water as possible as we can.For example, we must turn off the tap immediately after we use it.We can use a basin to wash our hands and faces.It’s also a good idea to encourage my friends and family members to join me!Only in this way can we live happily.If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us.I believe if everyone makes a little effort, we can make a big difference。
四．幸福
幸福是什么？幸福是父母为你营造的温馨的家，幸福是老师望向你的赞许的目光，幸福是孤独时朋友送来的一杯奶茶，幸福是…… 请以My happiness为话题，写一件曾经发生过的令你感到幸福的事情。
要求：条理清晰，语言流畅，用词准确，字迹工整，80-100词。★ 范文
Happiness is important in our life.In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it。
I will never forget one thing.Once, I had a bad mark at a math test.I was shy and afraid to meet my parents.But when I got back home late, my parents knew what happened, they said to me: “It doesn’t matter, my child.Remember we’ll be always beside you when you need help.We believe you can be better next time.Never give up!” I was moved and made up my mind to work harder and harder。
I feel happy.Whenever I am in trouble, I can feel my parents’ love.I want to be a good child for my parents。
五．感恩
对父母心存感恩，因为他们给予我生命，让我健康成长；对老师心存感恩，因为他们给了我教诲，让我抛却愚昧；对朋友心存感恩，因为他们给了我友爱；对社会心存感恩，因为社会给了我智慧和力量。自从国家实施义务教育以来，书本免费，食宿免费，而且还有贫困助学金等。面对这些，我们应该心存感恩，感谢祖国对我们的厚望和期盼。让我们永远记住：感谢父母、感谢老师、感谢朋友、感谢全社会！请以“感恩”为话题写一篇80—100字的作文。★ 范文
What should we thank?
The thankful great universe provides the environment of existence for us and give us sunlight,air, water and everything in keeping with us existence of space, bring storm to let us accept to toughen for us, bring to us mysterious let us look for.The thankful parents give us the life, make us feel the merriment of the human life, feel the genuine feeling of the human life, feel the comity of the human life, feel happiness of the human life, also feel hardships and pain and sufferings of the human life!The thankful teacher works with diligence and without fatigue everyday of teach, give us knowledge ability, and put on the wing which flies toward the ideal for us.The thankful classmate and friend grow up with us and let us no longer stand alone in the itinerary of life.The thankful our country provides us with free books, dormitory and food.Whenever it is, we should keep a thankful heart towards everything existed.Only thus, can we become a useful man。
六．保护环境
6月5日(June 5)是世界环境保护日，我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重。环境问题影响着人们的工作，学习，生活等，而我们的工作，生活，生产等又使环境污染越来越严重....。如何保护我们的环境？ 请以“ How to protect/save our environment/world? ”为题写一篇短文。提示：存在问题：1.水污染越来越严重；2.砍伐森林严重；3.大气污染严重；4.白色垃圾等。
要求：如何改善/保护环境？至少：3---4个方面，80字左右的。
★ 范文
How to protect/save our environment/world?
The environmental pollution is worse and worse /more and more seriously today.Water is polluted;we have no clean water to drink.Many trees are cutting down, some animals is getting less and less.Some factories are pouring dirty air in the sky, the population is increasing faster and faster, resources are getting less and less…etc.Not only does it affect our lives and health, it but also has a great affection in the future.People's health has been greatly affected by air, noise and water pollution.Many people died of diseases.In order to live a better life, we need protect our world。
We shouldn’t throw away rubbish everywhere.We want to recycle, reduce, reuse things.Don’t waste things.This saves money and reduces pollution.Use things for as long as possible.We don’t use plastic bags.We must plant more trees and stop the people cutting them.We hope our world becomes more and more beautiful。
七．爱好
★ 范文My Hobby
I am a 15-year-old student in junior Grade 3.Though I am occupied with my study, I would like to spend time on my hobbies, such as playing the piano, surfing the Internet。
One of my favorite hobbies is reading.Reading has been in my life for many years, since I began to learn characters.It can not only kill the time, but also, more important, help improve my comprehension ability.When reading, I can learn a lot.Reading Shakespear's works, I know how Hamlet looks like.Reading Socrates, I can see how great ancient Greek philosophers are.Reading Lu Xun, I come back to the old time of China。
八．如何减压让生活更美好
许多学习生活中的烦恼都会使人产生压力，为了更好地发现及解决同学们中存在的心理压力问题，你们班特意开展了一次以“Less Pressure, Better Life”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你准
备发言稿，谈谈你的一些缓解压力的好办法，与同学分享，内容包括：(1)同学们中普遍存在的压力是什么；
(2)我的压力是什么；
(3)我是如何成功缓解我的压力的。
注意：文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。词数80~100。
★ 范文
Less Pressure, Better Life
Hello, boys and girls!
Pressure is a serious problem in today’s world.Students in our class are under too much pressure.Some students can’t get on well with their classmates, while others may worry about their exams。
I’m always under pressure, too.My parents want me to be the top student in class.So they send me to all kinds of after-classes at weekends.Last Monday evening, I had a talk with my mother.I told her I was not lazy.I really felt tired.I needed time to relax.My mother agreed with me at last.So I think a conversation with parents is necessary to solve the problem。
That’s all.Thank you!
九．网络游戏
题目：李华沉迷于电脑游戏中，影响了学习。作为他的好朋友，你打算怎么帮他呢？请用下面所给的提示词写一篇不少于80字的短文。字迹工整，语言流畅。提示词：give up concentrate on be(become)interested in
★ 范文
Li Hua spent too much time playing computer games and he fell behind others.As a good friend of his, I must do something to help him。
Firstly, I think it’s very important for him to learn lessons well.He should spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games.Secondly, I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes.So he must give it up.I can play more sports with him after school.Maybe he will become more interested in sports than computer games.And then I'll ask him to concentrate more on his study.Of course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects.I think I can do it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying.At the same time, I'll ask both his parents and our teachers to help him, too.If I try these, I'm sure he will make great progress soon。
十．怎样学好英语
世界在发展，文化在交融，英语已经成为人们沟通的桥梁。怎样学好英语是我们一直在探索的问题。几年的学习经历你一定积累了许多成功的经验，请从听、说、读、写四方面谈谈你的建议。要求：1.词数：80—100词(开头已给出，不计入总词数)
2.字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，逻辑清晰。
★ 范文
How to learn English well
English is important and useful to us.How can we learn it well? Here are my suggestions。First, we should often listen to the tapes, English songs and programs.Watching English movies is also helpful to us.Second, we should speak English in class as much as possible.Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.The more you speak, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.We'd better
join the English club and practice with others.Third, we can read more English newspapers and magazines.It’s good for us.At last, we should recite some good passages and keep diaries。
In a word, as long as we do more listening, speaking, reading and writing, we will learn English well。
十一．学做好人好事
中考英语作文热点话题：学做好人好事今年是学习雷锋五十周年纪念日，雷锋同志说过：“我要把有限的生命，投入到无限的为人民服务之中去。”
请写一篇意思连贯，符合逻辑，不少于80字的作文。
在作文中，简单表述你对雷锋的崇敬之情，为什么向雷锋叔叔学习以及你在日常生活中是如何帮助他人的。
★ 范文
Leifeng was known as a pattern that offered help to others selflessly.He devoted all this life into his beloved career as well.I, myself, was totally shocked by his character。
Such is human nature;people trace the good, water flows to low.Everyone should copy his sprit as our daily life goes instead of uttering a meaningless slogan “learn from Leifeng, our decent idol”，so that we could definitely see a lot more smiling faces rather than conflict。
To help others is not a hard thing, however, what you need is to consist doing it.Take myself as an example.I am the representative of Math, to collect homework is my daily task, however, I would turn them to the right page for shorten the time for teachers when correcting them。
I strongly propose that we shall see a better world if each of us treat Leifeng as our model and copy his spirit。
十二.保持健康生活习惯
健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们是非常重要的。你认为健康的生活习惯应当是怎样的呢？请根据下面的信息提示，写一篇短文，首句已给出。
信息提示：健康饮食；早睡早起，不熬夜；参加运动，强身健体。要求：根据信息提示，把握要点，适当发挥，不逐字翻译。字数在80词左右。
★ 范文
I think healthy habits are very important for us。
All of us want to be healthy.First, we should get enough sleep during the night.We can go to bed early and get up early.Staying up late is bad for our health.Second, we must have the right kinds of food.We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat.We should drink a lot of water.We should have healthy eating habits.Third, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies.Finally, we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day.If we don’t feel well, we should go to see the doctor at once。
十三.毕业感想
初中生活马上就要结束了，三年的初中生活一定给你留下了很多挥之不去的回忆。请你给大家讲一个最值得你回忆的故事。包括时间、人物、事情经过和事后你的感想(请不要写出真实的学校名称以及真实姓名)。提示词语： three years, memories, one of, one day, think, happy/ sorry
★ 范文
How time flies!I have studied in my school for three years.And I will graduate from middle
school in a month.I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you.I had so many memories in three years’ life.One of them impressed me very much.I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult.No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up.As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well.Since then, she has kept helping me.Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it.I think I am so lucky to become one of her students.I’ve learned a lot from her.I will try to help others when they are in trouble.I think it is a happy thing to help others。
十四.低碳生活
现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”(low-carbon life)，即：降低二氧化碳的排放，采取低能量、低消耗、低开支的生活方式。低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一篇短文向一家英文报社投稿。内容包括：你的具体做法、你的感受以及建议。提示词语：be good for, everyone, ride a bike, think, make a difference, environment, suggest, reuse
★ 范文
Low-carbon life is good for everyone.To help with the environment, I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car.Besides, I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom.I think it’s my duty to live a low-carbon life.And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment.So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible.And we’d better not spend much money on expensive clothes.If everyone does something for the environment, I believe the earth will be a better place。
第四篇：中考英语备考
中考英语备考:四招帮你捡起不该丢的分
已经进入终考综合复习的阶段了，考生应该怎么做才能最有效地提高成绩呢？老师提供如下4点建议：
整理错题本
可以静下心把老师给你的练习卷子甚至你做过的一些练习题里的错题整理出来，专门抄写在一个错题本上，然后自己把错题做一遍。这个本的正 面一页是错题的原题，背面是答案，这样错题本就可以反复使用。做完以后可以发现自己还有哪些不明白、不准确的都要做一个记录。直到得到正确的解答，弄懂了 为止，你就可以把这道题先暂时放一下，过两天，拿出来再做一遍。这叫做排除错题，减少自己错误率的方法，是复习语法的好方法。
查漏综合题
可以做一些综合练习题来判断哪方面还有漏洞，找听力题现在可能比较困难，你也可以看看网上有没有订购听力磁带，或者打电话到书店问问有 没有电话购物、网上购物，或者让他们给你送一些听力磁带，回来自己再做题，包括英语二级、三级的听力都可以用。在这几方面加强训练，听、说、读、写要同时加强，考试的时候才能取得更好成绩。
读诵半小时
要加强阅读训练，千万别浪费时间，每天坚持。
每天利用至少半小时时间，大声地朗读和背诵所学过的课文、对话、单词，通过朗读和背诵进行听、说训练。如果有磁带的话，可以每天坚持边听磁带、边做题，把学过的课目做一次全面复习。
保证准确率
考试中对听力部分和笔试部分的时间要合理分配。单选部分不要占很多时间，近年来的考试对语法的要求不会太难，可以不在这方面花太多时 间，不如把时间花在阅读、完形填空上面。阅读速度非常重要，这个速度要建立在准确的基础上，既要有速度，还得有质量，保证准确率。另外完形填空要占用一定 的时间，最后来完成这部分。
前面的各类基础题难度应该不会太高，一般来说，考题中70%应该是基础题，20%为中等题，10%才是难题。所以，应该把复习重点和考试时花得最多的时间，放在阅读文章、完形填空和写作上，也需要考生在这些方面多多练习。
第五篇：如何复习备考中考英语作文
如何复习备考中考英语作文
罗显菊
贵州省贵定县城关镇贵定县第三中学
【摘 要】写作是一项能够充分考查学生语言综合运用能力的题型。英语写作要求学生具有扎实的语言基本功，具备一定的审题能力、想象能力、表达能力和评价能力。英语写作能力是《英语课程标准》对中学生学习的基本要求。但实际上在平时练习或正式的考试中我们都可以看到英语写作对于绝大部分学生来说是一大难题，所以写作也成了英语中考中失分较多的题型。不同的写作题材，写作的重点也是不尽相同的，但学生在写作过程中所犯的错误却基本一致。英语老师在教学实践中，应该针对中考英语作文中常见的错误，采取应对策略，指导学生掌握写作技巧，使学生在规定的时间内按要求写出优秀的英语短文。
【关键词】英语写作能力；中考英语；写作问题；综合能力；应对措施。
近年来，在英语教学中越来越重视写作教学，随着中考写作分数的逐年增加，英语写作也越来越引起老师和学生的重视。但是，英语写作也是中考中学生看似简单而难得高分的题型。笔者认为只要教师在考前认真分析学生平时写作存在的问题，并及时针对这些问题找出有效可行的应对措施，学生的写作会在原有水平上有所提高的。纵观近几年各地中考英语写作题，题材通常是用日记、书信、通知、对比议论、写人、写事等。一般来说，不同的写作题材，写作的重点也是不尽相同的，但学生在写作过程中所犯的错误却基本一致。笔者在多年的教学过程和期末评卷中，曾多次参与英语作文的评卷工作，从中发现诸多学生的作文出现了这样或那样的问题。而且不少学生平时在练习英语写作时不得法，又苦于找不到提高的有效途径。下面笔者就学生在中考英语写作中存在的问题，谈谈如何提高初中英语写作的措施。
一、英语句子“中国式”表达
很多学生写作时，由于受母语思维的影响,不能顺利地用英语思维，经常出现中式英语，一些学生喜欢用中文表达习惯去套英文写作，结果写出令人费解的语句。如在学生的作文中常常见到这样的句子：My family has three people.In China have different places of interest.导致这种现象的主要原因是学生缺乏对英语习惯表达法的了解，也没有养成学习英语时经常用英语思维的好习惯。因此，笔者认为，教师在课堂中应该多创设情景和机会，让学生大胆地说英语，引导学生多用英语想东西，多用英语与学生交流。
写作的基础是词汇。词汇是表达思想的基本要素。英语中有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词和连词。在中考复习中我们可以将这些词汇分类，找出最常用的几百个或更多，要求学生要做到四会，即听得懂，说得出，会认读，能拼写。学习一个词汇不仅要知道它的意义，而且要知道它的词性。只有掌握好每个词的词性，才能正确运用。例如：文章是由句子组成的，每一个句子都少不了谓语，而担任谓语的是动词。对于一个很活跃的动词，我们应该掌握以下几个方面：
（一）准确的读音和拼写：听得懂，说得出是写作的基础。只有掌握了正确读音，才能做到这一点，只有正确的拼写才能准确无误地传达信息。
（二）掌握其基本意义：一些单词与不同的词搭配后貌似相同，其实具有截然不同的含义；
（三）掌握常见搭配：我们所说的搭配，不仅包括动词与介词﹑副词的搭配，而且包括与名词搭配的意义。以动词make为例。make的基本意义是“制作”，而make beds意思是“整理床铺”，make use of意思是“利用”，make money意思是“挣钱”，make faces意思是“做鬼脸”等等；
（四）掌握现在分词、过去式和过去分词等形式：因为在写作中经常用到各种时态。因此，熟练掌握一些常用词的不同变化形式是非常必要的。
二、用词不恰当，拼写错误较多
要准确表达思想就要正确的选用词语。我们选用词语的原则是：使用有把握的、会写的词语，但其含义、用法一定要符合题目意思。很多考生选用词语的错误常表现在：
1、学生在写作过程中，由于自身词汇量较少，掌握词汇的基本功不扎实，单词拼写错误占一定的比例；
2、用词不当、词义（类）混淆，这是由于学生完全依赖中文字面释义，不顾词性内涵、前后搭配等张冠李戴。其中用词不当是最主要的问题，短语搭配不当现象也相当普遍。
三、所写文章语法错误较多
学生在写作时，语法上也有较大问题,如时态错误、主谓不一致、词法搭配错误等,在学生作文中屡见不鲜，基础语法比较薄弱。学习语言的关键是学以致用，所以在书面表达中用好、用对语法知识是保证写好英语作文的一个重要前提。初中英语写作中常见的语法错误主要表现在：
（一）时态错误、语态用错。一般来说，特定时间、背景下的时态总是相同的。在日常训练的时候，可以让学生学会判断要写的文章主要用哪种时态。如：介绍人、事、物的现状常用一般现在时为主；写日记、记叙文常要介绍过去的情况，以一般过去时态为主；写信或邀请函常用一般将来时。
（二）语法结构不熟练，使用混乱。初中英语作文中经常可以见到情态动词后面加上动词-ing形式的写法。部分学生对情态动词后面应该加上动词原形的结构非常不熟悉。又如：书写进行时态的句子，常常漏掉助动词be现象。教授完这些基本语法结构后，教师需要把相关的知识进行比较和小结，并通过大量的口头和笔头训练，让学生牢牢记住这些基本语法结构，并活学活用。
四、句子结构不正确，句式千篇一律 由于许多学生缺乏必要的英语句法知识，尤其是对句子基本结构、简单句的五种基本类型和常见的同义句句型等不熟悉，在造句时就容易出现语序混乱、句子结构不完整的错误。虽然现在考试淡化语法，但不等于教师不讲语法。因此，笔者认为，教会学生英语五种简单句的基本句型和结构还是很有必要的：
（1）S+V（主语+不及物动词）例句：They study hard.（2）S+V+O（主语+及物动词+宾语）例句：We love our motherland.（3）S+V+P（主语+连系动词+表语）例句：His skirt is beautiful.（4）S+V+IO+DO（主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）例句：My father bought me a bike.（5）S+V+O+C（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语）例句：We must keep our classroom clean.有句俗语说：“磨刀不误砍柴功”。课本是学生学习的根本，课本给学生提供了基本的句型、语法知识、词汇等。在复习每单元的时候，教师应引导学生把其中的重点句型找出来，经过反复练习，熟记于心。平时，可以多做一些句型变换的练习，为写作储备足够的句型。告诉学生，写作时应该遵循这样一个原则：要灵活地用完整的简单句将句意表达清楚，表示同一个话题时，尽量使用不同的写法。这样既能做到结构完整，又能使语句通顺、条理清楚，同时又避免了句式呆板、重复引用，从而使文采显得更生动。教师对于学生能正确的运用和掌握好句子，应从以下几方面对学生进行训练：
（一）由浅入深，循序渐进
俗话说：“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。”英语写作能力的培养也并非是一蹴而就的。它必须由浅入深、由简到繁、由易到难，循序渐进一环紧扣一环的进行训练。有些学生英语基础很差,甚至连最起码的朗读能力都没有,不少学生根本不会写句子。面对这种情况，笔者尝试过用组词造句的方法来训练学生，就是把相关的词组合成一个意思完整的句子。就是让学生从熟记单词、单句表达，过渡到串词成句、组句成文。这种训练对于这些基础不好的学生来说是行之有效的。然而,组词造句也不能孤立地进行。很难想象一个对所学语言知识不了解,或者了解很少的人能用所给的几个词组成一个完整的没有错误的句子。因而,重中之重的是在进行叠加的训练中,注意调动学生的学习积极性,从简到难,培养学生的兴趣。还要把中学时学到的语法等方面的知识复习一下,因为基础差,严重地阻碍了教学训练的正常进行。比如说用know,I,do,not组句,有的学生就会合成为I not know do。针对这一现象,在教学中笔者就从训练简单句的五种基本句型讲起,尤其是否定句和疑问句中助动词的用法以及所处的位置,等等。还要训练学生清楚地描述事物的能力。我们以go这个词为例,先要学生往上加词,表明谁去,Will you go with me ?为使意义完整,再加上时间：When we get out of school today , will you go with me ? 为了使思想内容更丰富,再加上去的地点：When we get out of school today.Will you go with me to the movie ? 总之一句话，就是先有框架，再有内容。就象画一棵树一样，不是先画叶子和果实，是先画树干和枝条。还象画一个人，先勾勒基本骨架线条，再填充肌肉。英语句子起码要保证语法和词汇的准确性——词性用对了没有？名词变为复数形式了没有？动词的单三形式有没有体现等等。这样,经过一段时间的训练后,学生们的组词造句能力可以从简单句提高到复合句。而不是整篇文章从头至尾都是单句。
（二）口头造句训练：有了第一步组词造句的训练后,教师再充分利用精读课文中出现的使用频率较高的词、短语,要求学生用这些词进行口头造句。教师一堂课从头讲到尾,而教学的主体——学生只是一味地记笔记,根本没有进行语言实践的机会,学生的主观能动性没有得到发挥。这种教学形式的结果是学生只获得了一定的感性知识,而没有理性的体验。因而记得不扎实,随着时间的流逝,教师所讲的东西也就忘得差不多了,而现场造句无疑避免了这一弊端,听完就练,老师再就学生口头说的句子进行讲解,会使学生不易忘记,所学的东西也就非常理性地印在脑海中了,积极性也调动起来,使得课堂气氛异常活跃。经过第一轮词汇的复习训练,学生组词造句的能力就会有了明显提高。
（三）翻译句子。翻译句子的训练对于学生有效提高写作水平也是一个必不可少的环节：外语教学中的写作能力的培养,决定着学生整体水平的高低,也是对教师教学水平的检验。教师应充分利用一切现有的条件对学生进行这方面的训练,精读课每课练习中的翻译句子(汉译英)练习就是一个很好的、可以利用的素材。因为,这些句子都是根据每课的内容及出现的生词、短语提出的,学生通过翻译这些句子既复习了课文,又锻炼了写作,也可以说更能锻炼学生的学习能力。我们知道翻译不同于写作。写作时,作者可以任意选题,自由发挥,而翻译时译者则不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想,必须忠实于原文、原句。故此,这种训练比组词造句又进了一步,要求也更高了,所以说翻译是写作,更是一种再创造。然而,学生们在翻译句子的过程中,还是出现句子往往残缺不全,缺少主语或谓语动词等。遇到这种情况时,笔者就先把原句写在黑板上,让大家一起确定主语、谓语、宾语等,然后判断句子属于什么句型,最后根据原句的意思确定句子所说的事件或者动作发生的时间再来确定用什么时态。经过反复引导、反复练习,学生逐步掌握了其中的要点,做起来也感觉不太难了,准确率也提高了。遇到有争议的句子大家进行讨论,遇到几种意义相近的句子,而用词不一样时,老师再进行对比说明。这样做的好处就是,教师的讲解有了针对性,具有启发性。改变了以往翻译练习只在课后做作业,然后交由教师评改的做法，这种当面批改,大家讨论的方式,使大家都有紧迫感,讲别人写的句子,自己也受到了启发。
五、粗心审题，背离要求
部分学生在写作前不认真审题，没经过深思熟虑就动笔写，写作时没能扣紧主题，故而造成离题、偏题，这样写出来的文章得分也较低。而且由于一些学生忽视了各种体裁的写作特点，从而导致文章体裁格式不正确。如：将写信的日期写在信末；写请假条不写署名等。审题是书面表达的第一步，学生在真正开始写作之前，必须舍得花相当一部分时间做写前阅读、思考等准备工作。只有审准了题，并弄清楚题目要求，才有可能写出好文章，具体来说，审题包含以下四个方面：
（一）审体裁。根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体裁的文章，是记叙文、说明文、应用文还是议论文。无论提供材料的方式是通过文字描述还是图画或表格，但要求文章的体裁是唯一的，尚若体裁不对，评分时会被相应扣一些分，所以动笔前认真审题至关重要。
（二）审格式。学生在进行短文写作训练时，教师应提供各种文体的范文，讲明各种文体的要求，如日记、便条、书信、通知的格式等，并给予必要的提示。一定的体裁气特有的格式，例如书信、日记、通知、便条等都有特定的格式，不能随便写。其中书信最复杂。根据试题的要求要注意信得开头，称呼、主体、结尾、签名这五个地方（教师也要提醒学生注意大部分的考试作文开头已写好，这样学生要接着内容写不能重复，但不要忘了结尾）。
（三）审内容。要点齐全是得分的基本保证，漏掉要点就会降低档次评分，要想书面表达得充分，内容全面和不跑题，也是最基本的要求。所以考生在审题时要弄清什么该写、什么不该写，哪些详细写，哪些该略写，学生要在规定的字数内把文章内容表达完整。尤其是图画式书面的表达题，考生应注意不能把图中的所有内容都表达出来，要学会连贯性，读懂图的意思，要分清那些是主要内容，那些是次要内容。总之，所写内容既要符合图画所描绘的情景，又要连贯通顺，自圆其说。如写记叙文，要抓好问题、时间、地点、人物、事件以及其他一些要素。
（四）审人称。审人称即弄清书面表达要求用何种人称，用第一人称、第二人称还是第三人称来写，中考书面表达阅卷中非常重视人称，出现人称错误要扣除相应分数。所以学生在审题时千万不要忽略人称的正确使用。
（五）审时态。即根据所给材料信息确定短文的基本时态，一般说来，一篇特定的短文，它通常有自己特定的基本时态。如通知常用将来时态，日记常用过去时态等等。另外，由于每个句子都涉及时态问题。所以学生在写作时千万不要忽视这个问题。一般来说，在写作中常用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时。教师在训练学生句子时，要有针对性的训练。初三英语作文练习的目的就是为了迎战中考，近几年的中考作文题，特别是话题作文题，之前多有一段导语，这些导语也是审题的关键，他们或激发想象，或启迪思维，或优美精粹，或含蓄深刻，能撩拨学生的写作激情，初三学生在英语作文练习时，可别小觑这些导语，它们也是作文题的一个组成部分，我们理应对此引起足够重视。
六、文章层次杂乱，没有或乱用连接词、过渡词
许多学生的作文几乎是单句的任意堆砌，他们不擅长借助连词来衔接语篇，使句子之间和文段之间缺乏必要的过渡和连贯，影响了信息的传递和表达效果。有时还有较多逻辑错误，在做书面表达的过程中，有的学生一拿到考题慌慌张张开始写，在写作之前没有构思好先写什么后写什么，哪些内容应该详写，哪些内容应该略写，而是一边写一边构思，从而导致整个文章逻辑不清，层次感不强，整篇文章不知所云。许多考生没有意识到文章中句与句之间、上下文之间不同的关系，在写作文的过程中不注意过渡词的运用，这样写出来的文章显得句式单调、文采呆板据。调查了解,他们平时在写作中对连接词和过渡词等词语的使用不大注意。众所周知，要写出清晰流畅的文章，需要把文章中各部分巧妙地连接在一起，为了使句与句之间过渡顺畅、上下连贯、逻辑关系严谨就需要灵活运用一些过渡词。这样可使文章自然而别致，并能层层展开主题句，完整地表达中心思想。而过渡词是连接这些部分的纽带。过渡词是一种关系指引词，一般由副词或起副词作用的短语承担。此外，代词、连词、上下文的近义词等也可作过渡词。过渡词能使文章启、承、转、合，融会贯通，连成一体。有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so，and，then，but，or，however，yet等，非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用不同的过渡词,不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。英语写作当中，过渡词的使用不仅可以增强文章的连贯性,而且可以使内容的表达层次分明,自然流畅。英语写作测试题的特点是篇幅简短但思想内容丰富,因而过渡词的使用便成了不可缺少的环节。为使过渡词运用得正确恰当,我们按照它们的使用频率和功能归类如下: 表示时间顺序：and, then, next, after that„
表示对称：on one hand, on the other hand„
表示递进：and, besides, what’s more, in addition„
表示转折：but, yet, however, in fact, instead„
表示因果：so, therefore, as a result, in that case„
表示总结：in one word, in general, in all，in a word等。有了连接词的承上启下，结构更紧凑，语篇的逻辑感也强了。
除上述学生在写作中所出现的问题及教师应采取的应对措施外，教师在训练学生写作时还要注意以下几个方面的训练：
（一）在听、说、读教学中渗透“写”的训练
《新课程标准》采用话题大纲和结构—功能大纲相结合的体系进行编排，每个单元都围绕着一个主题来展开听、说、读、写的四项技能的实践，突出了先输入后输出的特征，有利于开展写作教学。
1．加强听力训练，夯实写作基础
“不写没有读过的语言，不读没有说过的语言，不说没有听过的语言。”由此可见，通过听的渠道获得语言信息及语言感受，在外语学习中是基础中的基础。笔者认为，加强听力训练，可以使学生获取更多信息，从而为写作表达打下基础。
2．创设说的平台，以“说”促“写”
“学生的口语句型结构和表达方式往往是他们学习写作的基础”，笔者在写作教学同时，帮助学生提高和丰富口头表达技能，因为口语中常包含许多书面语的结构。
3．加强朗读，注重拓展阅读，以“读”促“写”
古人云：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也会吟”。通过朗读，不仅可以增强语感，而且可以积累大量有用的词汇，在进行书面表达时能做到信手拈来。广泛的阅读可增强学生的理解和吸收书面信息的能力，丰富学生的语言知识，了解英语国家文化背景，对英语写作会起到潜移默化的作用。充分利用现有的教学资料，结合报刊、媒体、网络等资源，通过设计互动交流的学习任务，引导学生主动参与阅读和写作训练。
（二）科学批改、及时讲评，及时反馈信息
抓好习作讲评课，及时反馈信息，是提高学生书面表达能力不可缺少的一项工作。教师的批阅点评对学生写作水平的提高也有很大的影响。很多教师批阅点评学生的习作不够及时，且较多关注语法错误，对写作内容、语篇结构、写作技巧分析较少，对普遍出现的问题要认真记录下来，在课堂上讲解、分析、讨论来加以解决；个别问题则要以面批改或让学生互评方式解决。教师在批改的过程中，应避免告诉学生答案，而采用简单符号或标记，让学生自己动手改错后再给老师看。学生通过动脑和动手改正错误，印象会更加深刻，从而使写作能力提高更快。教师也可采用现场作文方式训练学生，每次发完材料，教师可与学生同时撰写短文。规定时间一到，学生立即停笔，听教师读范文。教师的范文不仅要在格式、内容要点、语法修辞与语言习惯上给学生树立样板，而且要考虑到英语的多种表达方法。学生在经过一阵紧张的思维与写作之后，及时听到一篇比较规范的答卷，比较一下自己的作业，可初步衡量出自己的答题的准确度，找出差距，及时查出作业中的毛病。
（三）背诵范文
背诵也是学习英语的基本手段之一，重视背诵，尤其是课文中的重点句型，也有利于学生口语、书面语言能力的提高和语感的增强，指导学生平时要注意积累好词好句，适当使用英语佳句，可令文章增色不少。任何语言的学习，无论是口头的还是书面的，都有模仿的过程，而模仿必须先有大量的语言信息输入，必须以丰富的目标语言材料积累为基础，英语的学习想取得成功，必须有丰富的、自然的目标语言材料及其有关知识的输入，没有大量的输入，英语学习就成了无源之水，没有源头则无法进行信息输出，只有大量输入语言信息，在目标语材料积累达到一定的程度时学习者才能输出信息进行模仿，形成自然流利的语言表达，背诵就是集中大量强化输入输出语言信息的有效手段。快速提高英文的写作能力的方法就是背诵英语范文,通过背诵英语范文既能记住英文的表达习惯,又能熟记文章的组织机构。笔者认为由于临近考试，教师应在有限的时间里指导学生有针对性的背诵一些有代表性的范文。如日记、书信、通知、邀请函、写人、写事等文体。
（四）沉着考试，注意书写
近年中考作文的评分大都采用总体评分法，包括整体印象、语言表达、词数规定以及卷面情况、语言流畅性等几方面内容。中考第三轮复习主要以综合训练和模拟测试为主。两个小时完成一份150分的中考英语试题，对于很多同学来说是一项艰巨的任务，也容易导致学生考试时出现紧张的心情而影响答题质量。尤其是书面表达，作为最后一项，经常是在时间紧迫的情况下匆匆完成，写出来的作文易失水准。因此，对学生进行适应性的训练，提高学生的答题速度和质量，培养学生在较短的时间内完成一篇符合要求的好文章，是第三轮复习的要点。教师除了通过模拟考试找出学生存在的问题，指导学生在考场里的答题技巧外，还要注意对学生考试时所出现的心理问题加以疏导，使学生具备良好的考试心理。我们平时指导学生在写作中要准确写出有效的信息点，争取加分点，不要过度自由发挥而乱加额外的信息点，考试时充分利用草稿纸对作文初稿进行修改，要尽量避免因粗心大意、卷面不整洁等原因造成扣分。
通过以上的教学手段，使学生能够尽快地提高英语写作能力，掌握相关的英语写作技巧，巩固英语基础知识，提高基本技能。它既能提高学生的英语应用能力，也能增强学生的应试能力。英语写作是一个由简单到复杂的循序渐进的学习过程，只要学生在老师的指导下，平时多注意两种语言的异同性，抓住写作要点，多写多练，在中考考场上有限的时间内，同样可以妙笔生花，写出精彩的英语作文。这样一来中考中的书面表达也不再是令师生头痛的难题了。参考文献：
1、田式国.英语教学理论与实践[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2001.2、朱宝雄.实用英语写作.上海：华东师范大学出版社，1988.3、苏联波.实用英语应用文写作[M].新疆：新疆青少年出版社，1998.4、吴道存.怎样教学英语.北京：北京人民出版社1998。
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