英美概况考试复习要点及练习一（模版）

第一篇：英美概况考试复习要点及练习一（模版）

1.Union Jack—is the name of British national flag.The color blue is the background and its

elementary color.The crosses refer to the unity of this nation by means of religion.2.British Isles, the UK, Great Britain

3.Names for the Country: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.4.Four political pisions:England，Scotland，Northern Ireland ,Wales.5.Thames: the most important river, the second largest

6.Lake District, the “Lake Poets”

7.Ben Nevis is the Highest mountain(1344 m)

8.The longest river in Uk：The Severn River--335km

9.Northern Ireland, Lake Neagh ,the largest lake

10.Topography:

The north and west---highlands.The east and southeast---lowlands

11.Climate:

Main characteristics:

Temperate, mild, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfall

12.Major cities, the capital city

13.Population: the third-largest in the European Union(behind Germany and France)

14.History of the English Language

15.Standard English also called as Queen’s English or BBC English

16.Roman invasion of Britain

17.the Roman contribution

18.The Anglo-Saxons

19.Witan, the Privy Council

20.The Viking and Danish Invasions

21.Alfred the Great

22.The Norman Conquest(1066)

23.Norman Rule

24.Henry II’s reform the courts and the law

25.The Great Charter, The Beginning of Parliament

26.Effect of the Black Death

27.Wars of Roses

28.Elizabeth I

29.Characteristics of The English Renaissance

30.The Civil Wars

31.The Bill of Rights

32.The Chartist Movement

Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully.For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given.Choose the one you think best completes the statements or answers the question.1.The United Kingdom is located in ____.A.northern EuropeB.western Europe

C.northwestern EuropeD.southeastern Europe

2.The two large islands that make up the British Isles are ____.A.Scotland and Ireland B.Britain and Scotland C.Great Britain and Northern Ireland D.Great Britain and Ireland

3.The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the

Commonwealth of Nations in ____.A.1921B.1931

C.1945D.1950

4.The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries

____.A.that were once colonies of Britain

B.that have a large number of British immigrants

C.that have close relations with Britain

D.that have fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars

5.The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from ____.A.DenmarkB.Belgium

C.FranceD.the Netherlands

6.England has three main land regions.They are the Southwestern Plateau,the Pennines, and ___.A.the Eastern PlainB.the Highland

C.the Central LowlandsD.the Southern Uplands 7.Scotland occupies the ____ third of the island of Great Britain in the British Isles.A.southernB.northern

C.easternD.western

8.Northern Ireland, which takes up the northern fifth of Ireland, is a

fourth political pision of ____.A.the United KingdomB.Ireland

C.ScotlandD.Wales

9.Britain’s longest rivers are ____.A.the Severn and the ClydeB.the Thames and the Clyde

C.the Clyde and the HumberD.the Severn and the Thames

10.The largest lake in the British Isles is ____.A.Loch LomondB.Loch Neagh

C.WindermereD.Ullswater

11.Britain’s climate is influenced by____, a warm ocean current that passes

the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.A.the North Atlantic DriftB.the Brazil Current

C.the Labrador CurrentD.the Falkland Current

12.The English people and the English language were born from the union

of ____.A.the Angles and the Saxons

B.Germanic conquerors and the Norman French

C.Danes or Vikings and the Norman French

D.Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons 13.Generally speaking the English southerners speak the type of English closer to ____.A.the CockneyB.the Queen’s English

C.the GaelicD.the BBC English

14.Although Wales has been united with England for more than 400 years, the

Welsh has kept alive ____.A.their own languageB.their own literature

C.their own traditionD.All of the above

15.The Eisteddfod is a(n)____ festival of poetry, music and other arts.A.EnglishB.Scottish

C.WelshD.Irish

16.Nowadays the Gaelic language, which is an ancient____, is still heard in

the Highlands and the Western Isles.A.Scottish languageB.English language

C.Irish languageD.Celtic language

17.Many Scottish names begin with M’, Mc or Mac, which means__

A.father ofB.sun of

C.son ofD.some of

18.In Northern Ireland ____ make up the dominant group.A.Roman CatholicsB.English Protestants C.non-religious peopleD.Jewish people 19.Northern Ireland is small, but it is significant because of the__ A.the economic problemsB.the political troubles

C.the immigration issuesD.the national identity

20.About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War ll.They are mainly from the West Indies, India and____.A.IndonesiaB.Singapore

C.Hong KongD.Pakistan

key 1.C2.D3.B4.A5.C6.A7.B8.A9.D10.B 1l.A

12.D13.Dl4.D15.C16.D17.C18.B19.B20.D

1.What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？

2.Why was the Roman influence on Britain so limited?

3.What are the consequences of the Norman Conquest?

4.Why to say “British history has been a history of invasion”? Illustrate this point with

examples.5.How did each of the invasions influence English culture?

Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully.For each

unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C and

D are given.Choose the one you think best completes the statements or

answers the question.1.The first known settlers of Britain were the ____.A.CeltsB.Iberians C.Beaker FolkD.Romans 2.The Celts' religion was ____.A.BuddhismB.Islam

C.DruidismD.Christianity

3.Roman control was only effective in ____.A.ScotlandB.Wales

C.LondonD.The southeast of Britain

4.Christianity was first brought to England by the ____.A.RomansB.Celts

C.Anglo-SaxonsD.Danes

5.The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and theypulled out in ____.A.306 ADB.410 AD

C.446 ADD.1066 AD

6.Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?

A.The Angles.B.The Saxons.C.The Gaels.D.The Jutes.7.____ became the first real king of England, though he did not assume that

style.A.OffaB.Egbert C.VortigernD.Hengist 8.____ became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.A.ColumbaB.Ethelbert

C.St.AugustineD.Egbert

9.The Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the____century.A.7thB.8th

C.9thD.10th

10.Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?

A.The Anglo-Saxons.B.The Normans.C.The Vikings.D.The Romans

11.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Alfred the Great started the English navy.B.Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon any, making it more

efficient.C.Alfred the Great established schools and formulated a legal System.D.Alfred the Great impose a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons.12.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Canute was chosen by the Witan as king of England.B.Canute was a warrior king and fought many battles against the

Normans.C.Canute pided power between Danes and Saxons.D.Canute forced Malcolm II, king of the Scots, to recognize him as

overlord.13.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Edward the Confessor was more French than English.B.Edward the Confessor filled his court with 'foreign' favorites.C.Edward the Confessor was on very good terms with his father-in-law,Earl Godwin.D.Edward the Confessor appointed a Norman priest Archbishop of

Canterbury.14.When Edward the Confessor died, ____was chosen by the Witan as king OfEngland.A.the king of Norway

B.Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex

C.Edgar, Edward's nephew

D.Tostig, the deposed Earl of Northumbria

15.Tostig, Harold's brother, joined____, and made an attempt to recover hislost earldom of Northumbria.A.Harold Hardrada, King of Norway

B.Edgar, Edward's nephew

C.Malcolm II, King of the Scots

D.Hardicanute

16.William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle ofHastings in____.A.1086B.1066

C.1035D.1381

17.William won the Battle of Hastings.Later, on____, he was crowned king ofEngland.A.Easter DayB.St.Andrew's Day

C.Christmas DayD.Boxing Day

18.William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as____.A.William the ConfessorB.William Lion-Heart

C.the father of the British navyD.William the Conqueror

19.Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William andgiven to____.A.the Norman baronsB.the Danes

C.the IrishD.the Scots

20.The Norman Conquest is perhaps ____event in English history.A.a triflingB.the best-known

C.a horrifyingD.a sensational

1.B2.C3.D4.A5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B l0.A

12.Bl3.Cl4.Bl5.A16.B17.Cl8.D 19.A20.B 11.D

第二篇：美国英美概况练习

美国概况练习

I.Term explanation

1.The War of Independence

(1)After British parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, tensions were again created between colonists and British government.(2)On April 19,1775, the first shot was fired at Lexington and the American War of Independence began.(3)In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington and declared independence on July4,1776.(4)In 1781, British General Cornwallis surrendered at York Town,Virginia and soon British government asked for peace.(5)The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.2.Boston Tea Party

(1)In the years following the French and Indian War, British government enforced several acts which were bitterly opposed by colonists.(2)In order to ease tensions, British government removed all the new taxes except that on tea.(3)In 1773, a group of pariots responded to the tea tax by staging the Boston Tea Party: disguised as Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.(4)British parliament then passed the “Intolerable Acts”, and in response to this the first Continental Congress was held in September1774.3.the First Continental Congress

(1)In response to the “Intolerable Acts”, passed by British parliament, the first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September1774.(2)This was a meeting of colonial leaders.They urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts and to boycott British trade.(3)After this, colonists began to organize militias and to collect and store weapons and ammunition.4.The Declaration of Independence

(1)The Declaration of Independence, the first declaration of human rights, was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule, approached the problem of American independence from the angle of human rights.(2)Its principal point was to provide a legal basis for independence.It justified the forthcoming Revolution by defining the rights of man and the nature of government in relation to such rights.It declared that all men were equaland they were entitled to have some natural rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.The powers of the governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.(3)The Declaration of Independence was a masterpiece of bourgeois political philosophy.(4)The Declaration of Independence helped the colonists to see that there were times when people had the right to revolt.The new doctrine inspired mass fervor.More and more people came to believe that they were fighting for the just cause.5.American Constitution

(1)The Constitution of the United States, which was adopted in 1787 and came into effect in 1789, is the first comparatively complete written constitution in the world.(2)It is the supreme law in the United States, and is the main expression of the American ideals.(3)It is a short document which embodies laws and principles for the form of the US government.It consists of a preamble, 7 articles and 29 amendments.6.The Bill of Rights(USA)

(1)In 1791, the first ten amendments of American Constitution were made.This is the well-known “Bill of Rights”.(2)It secures a wide variety of freedoms for Americans, including the freedoms of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly and freedom to bear arms, freedom against unreasonable search and seizure and so on.(3)the amendments limit the powers of the national government in regard to the rights and liberties of inpiduals.7.The New Deal

(1)To deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt rushed through Congress a great number of laws within the historic “Hundred Days”.(2)Some of the famous ones in this New Deal were the WPA(The Work Progress Administration), AAA(The Agricultural Adjustment Act), and the Social Security Act.(3)New Deal program did not end the Depression, but the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.8.The Great Depression

(1)On October 24, 1929 —“Black Thursday”— a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange.Share and other security prices collapsed.(2)By 1932, thousand of banks and businesses had failed.Industrial production was cut in half.Farm income had fallen b y more than half.Wages had decreased 60 percent.New investment was down 90 percent.As a result, one out of four workers was unemployed.(3)Franklin D.Roosevelt won the 1932 election and carried out the New Deal to improve the economy.(4)Full recovery from the Depression was brought about by the defense buildup prior to America’s entering the WWII.II.Please answer the following questions briefly.1.What are the four crown colonies during America colonization?(Textbook: Page 152.)

2.What are he four causes for the War of Independence in America?(Textbook: Page 158-160)

3.What are he four causes for American Civil War?(Textbook: Page 167-170)

4.What are the three important acts of Roosevelt’s New Deal?(Textbook: Page 187-188)

5.What are the five fundamental features of American political system?(Textbook: Page 209)

6.What are the five fundamental principles for American government established by American Constitution?(Textbook: Page 210)

7.What are the five constitutional roles of American president?(Textbook: Page 213)

8.What are the three important characteristics of American economic system?(Textbook: Page 228)

第三篇：英美概况总复习

名词解释：

(1)The Anglo-Saxon（盎格鲁）

They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.(2)The Good Friday Agreement（北爱和平协议）

As a result of multi-party negotiations, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998.This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won’t change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree.Under the terms of the agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.(3)The Bill of Rights of 1689（权利法案）

In 1688, king James II’ s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politician and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament.The bill of rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the king would never be able to ignore Parliament.(4)The constitution of Britain（英国的宪法）

Britain has no written constitution.The foundation of the British state are laid out in statute law, which are laws passed by parliament;the common laws, which are laws established through common practice in the courts;and conventions.(5)The function of Parliament（议会的功能）

To pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.(6)The house of commons(众议院)

The house of commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650elected representatives(members of Parliament)make and debate policy.These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.(7)Class system in Britain society（英国社会的等级制度）

The class system does exist in British society.Most of the British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class, though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class.Class pision are not simply economic, they are cultural as well.People of different classes may differ in the kind of newspapers they read, in the way they speak and in the kind of education they receive.One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.(8)Privatisation in UK economy（英国经济私有化）

The British economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s, with high rates of inflation and devaluation of the pound.Therefore, in the 1980s, when the conservative party under Margaret Thatcher was in power, an extensive programme of privatization was carried out.Many state-owned businesses(such as steel, telecom, gas, aerospace)were turned into private companies.Privatisation was successful in controlling inflation but at the same time unemployment rate increased rapidly.(9)Elizabethan drama（伊丽莎白一世时的戏剧）

The general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries is known as the renaissance.In British culture, one of the most successful and long-lasting expressions of this development lay in drama.That was the period of the reign of Queen Elizabeth(1558-1603).The first professional theatre in London opened in 1576, and others followed, performing the plays of many notable playwrights, including Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare.(10)Romanticism（浪漫主义）

Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period.Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason.A volume of poems called lyrical ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the romantic movement to its height, the spirit of romanticism also occurred in the novel.(11)Modernism（现代主义）

Modernism refers to a form of literature mainly written before WWⅡ.It is characterized by a high degree of experimentation.It can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century forms of realism.Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works.Often, modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand.It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused inpidual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action.One of the most famous English modernist is Virginia Woolf.(12)Declaration of independence（独立宣言）

The declaration of independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of government came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from john locks.(13)Transcendentalists（先验论者）

In his book nature, Emerson claimed that by studying and responding to nature, inpiduals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal religion.A circle of intellectuals who were discontented with the New England establishment gathered around Emerson.They accepted Emerson’s theories about spiritual transcendence.They are known as Transcendentalists

(14)The “lost generation”（迷失的一代）

In the aftermath of world war I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment.Some lived in Europe.They were known as the “lost generation.” Two of the most representative writers of the “lost generation” were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.简答题：

（1）The Magna Carta and its significance（大宪章及其意义）

（2）Glories of Revolution and its significance（光荣革命及其意义）

（3）Modernism in Britain literature writer, masterpieces, its significance（英国现代主义文学作家的杰作,它的意义）

（4）Puritanism and its significance（清教主义及其意义）

Puritanism

They follow the idea of the French reformer and theologian John Calvin

1.doctrines:

(1)Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2)Original sin and total depravity: human beings were born to evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.(3)Limited atonement 赎罪:only the “elect” can be saved.Influence of Puritanism on American Literature

(1)a group of good qualities----hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety(serious and thoughtful)

influenced American literature

(2)it led to the everlasting myth.All literature is based on a myth---Garden of Eden.(3)Symbolism: lots of American writers liked to employ symbolism in their works.To the pious Puritan the physical, phenomenal world is nothing but a symbol of God(typical ways of Puritans who thought that all the simple objects existing in the world connected deep meanings).Symbolism means using symbols in literary works.The symbol means something represents or stands for abstract deep meaning.(4)Simplicity characterizes the Puritan style of writing.With regard to their writing, the

style of fresh, simple and direct;the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.(5)Fired with a sense of mission.The Puritans looked the worst of life in the face of

tremendous optimism.The optimistic Puritan has exerted a great influence on American Literature.Early American Literature were mainly optimistic because they believed that God sent them to the new continent, to fulfill the sacred task.so they would overcome all the difficulties.They met at last.Gradually Americans found that their dreams would not be successful, so lots of pessimistic literary works were produced.(5)Transcendentalism and its significance（超越论及其意义）

Transcendentalism

Transcendentalism is an American literary, political and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century, centered on Ralph Waldo Emerson.Keys:

--------the new spirit was neither social nor political, nor industrial, nor economic, nor literary, nor scientific, nor religious.It was all of them at once.It transcended every phase of life.It is a whole new way of thinking.Transcendentalism in its literal meaning is the recognition in man of the capacity of acquiring knowledge transcending the reach of the five senses, of knowing truth intuitively or reaching the pine without the need of an intercessor.It was essence romantic idealism on Puritan soil.In application, American transcendentalism urged a reform in society and that such a reform may be reached if inpiduals resist customs and social codes, and relu rather on reason to learn what is right.Ultimately, transcendentalism believed that one should transcend society’s code of ethics and rely on personal intuition in order to reach absolute goodness, or absolute truth.Influence:

1.It served as an ethical guide to life for a young nation and brought about the idea that human can be perfected by nature.It stressed religious tolerance, called to throw off shackles of customs and traditions and go forward to the development of a new and distinctly American culture.2.It advocated idealism that was great needed in a rapidly expanded economy where opportunity often became opportunism, and the desire to “get on ” obscured the moral necessity for rising to spiritual height.3.It helped to create the first American renaissance-----one of the most prolific periods in American literature.(6)Norman conquer and its significance（诺曼征服及其意义）

第四篇：英美概况论文

文化是一个复合体，其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他能力和习惯。交际的过程是人们运用语言知识和社会文化知识传递信息的过程，所以学习语言与了解语言所反映的文化背景知识是分不开的。

语言与文化是相互依存的,语言携带文化,同时又受到文化背景的影响。英语作为一种世界上主要的语言之一,其地位受到世界各国的重视,所以学习英语语言的产生发展及英美英语的差异及发展具有深远的意义。

英国与美国，是当今世界社会上的两大强国，这两国在很多方面有着极其相似的地方，都说的是英语，都是资本主义国家，都主宰着当今世界诸多事件的走向，都有着严格的法律制度与健全的社会体系，都拥有莘莘学子们梦寐以求的世界上首屈一指的高等学府„„英国人和美国人互不服气，英国人说美国人没有历史，美国人说英国人不懂未来。这样相似的两个国家，又有着那些明显的不同之处呢？我将从一下几点进行论述：

两国文化的相同之处

同源性使得这两个国家的文化具有很多相同的地方。

1语言——都是英语

2宗教——以基督教新教为主

3社会交往的一些细节——女士优先，文明有礼，保护隐私，忌讳星期五，数字十三等

4节日——万圣节、复活节等。

尽管英美两个国家都是讲英语的，但是美国英语和英国英语是不相同的。英国人与美国人虽然说的都叫英语，但这两种英语的差异还是很大的，学英语的人都知道，英语中有英式发音和美式发音两种。英国人的英语，相对而言，发音比较清楚，连读的部分较少，一般听起来相对比较字正腔圆;而美国人说英语，则秉持这能省则省，能连就连的原则，因此，对于把英语作为第二语言的人来说，听英国人的发音相比较下会舒服得多，而如果要习惯美音，恐怕只有在美国生活过的人才真正做到了。另外，两国在字词上的用法也有很多的不同，比如：第二层Second floor(美)---First floor(英)地铁Subway---underground.学期Semester---term商店Store---shop 假期vacation---holidays电话忙音The line is busy.---The line is engaged

英美生活习俗差异

英国人和美国人在自己日常生活习俗上也有区别。

从服饰上看，英国2人非常讲究衣着，讲究绅士风度，西装革履，皮鞋锃亮。美国人则比较随便，想穿什么就是什么，以自己舒适为主，不会去介意别人的评价，别人也不会去评价。有的英国女士接待黄皮肤朋友时，专门涂抹上黄色面霜，以表示对朋友的亲近和尊重。美国人可方便多了，近几年，美国流行大花裤衩，校内校外，老老少少，都少不了它的影子。但这也并不是说，他们到处随意，在一些场合，他们也是西装革履，文质彬彬，很有些“绅士”的派头。但如果一看到没有旁人，这些“绅士”就原形毕露，鞋也脱了，领带也松了，扣子也解了，脚也搭起来了。

从饮食上看两国的美食都像英语一样，是一个大杂烩，广泛吸收了世界各地不同文化的影响。众所周知，英国是一个聚集了诸多绅士淑女的地方，而英国的饮食，也处处散发着英国上流社会应有的高贵气质，从选材到烹饪，再到餐桌上的一言一行，英国人无不将细致发挥到了极致。特别在餐桌礼仪上，不能在餐桌上说话，不能有餐具敲击的声音，刀叉的握法„„几乎所有我们所了解的法式西餐的规则都被英国人所遵守而同样是吃饭，到了美国人身上，则就显得随意了许多。美国式饮食不讲究精细，追求快捷方便，也不奢华，比较大众化。一日三餐都比较随便。老美的最爱便是所谓的垃圾食品。对于生活节奏极快的老美来说，五分钟就能搞定的汉堡薯条显然要比规矩多多的西式大餐要吸引人的多。至于这种饮食习惯导致的结果，便是老美的街头行走的人中，大腹便便者显然要比标准身材的人多得多。这样的饮食习惯某种程度上也折射了美国人的生活，雷厉风行，不向英国人那般拖沓，那样注重细节。

另外美国人除了过和英国人一样的节日外，还有自己的感恩节等。

美国人的性格和英国人也是不相同的。

有人把美国人的性格概括成：热情、开朗、冒险、创新、奔放活剥、直白的幽默

相对应英国人的性格特点是：冷漠、含蓄、内敛、保守、理性严谨、绅士的幽默

英美的教育理念不同。

美国人孜孜不倦的追求平等和自由，体现在教育上就是美国的教育体制具有多元性、开放性（向不同层次学习能力和经济条件的人开放）、国际性、灵活性（各种不同性质的学校满足不同目标的人的需要，国家没有统一的教育制度）的特点，使美国教育既能满足不同人群、不同层次的人们的需要，确保教育公平和机会均等，又能满足并充分发挥不同受教育对象的个性特点，使教育充满活力和生机。

而英国人的保守与严谨，体现在教育上就是严谨的学风，完善的教育体系。它拥有一套严格的质量监控体制，各大院校的教学质量评估与科研水平评估结果向全世界公布，英国的高等教育会定期受到检查。英国大学的科研水平长期保持了一个很高水平，也是与这个质量监控体制分不开的，许多开创性的研究发明起始于英国，比如第一只克隆羊，就培养于爱丁堡大学。英国教育的质量也体现在对学生的严格考核上，有的专业可以用“残酷”来形容，被淘汰而拿不到学位的也大有人在，英国老师通常不会因为学生只差一点而放学生一马，他们的职业道德和敬业风度有力地保证了教育质量。

两个国家，两种文化，两种截然不同的教育风格，竟都共同代表着世界教育领域最顶尖的教育水准，这与政府民众对教育的深刻认识不无关系。美国人认为，一个人不管处于什么境地，有两件事是必须做的，并伴随着一生：一是受教育，一是信宗教。美国人对教育的重视，达到了与信仰宗教一样的虔诚境界。而英国教育标榜自己的口号是：The Best You Can Be——你能成就极至，反映出了他们的教育理念和始终追求的信仰。在这种意识下使得不论是美国教育还是英国教育，都不仅仅是作为一种纯粹的功利目的而进行的活动，且具有了宗教般虔诚的信仰，近乎是一项神圣的宗教行为了

第五篇：英美概况问答题

英美概况题：

一.What do you know about the Roosevelt’s New Deal?

1.The great depression of 1929-1933 happened in America, which made the American economy fall into an emergent situation.2.In the presidential election of 1932, Franklin D.Roosevelt, a Democrat, defeated the Republican candidate and became President.3.He was empowered by Congress to deal with the emergency and save the situation.He called his program “The New Deal”, which had two principal purposes.4.At home, many public projects were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility.Crops were destroyed and agricultural production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices.The big industries were also compelled to make reforms.5.At abroad.Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old markets and to conquer new ones under the cloak of the “Good Neighbor Policy”.6.Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pensions to the old, unemployed and the injured.7.Roosevelt’s “New Deal” did not change the capitalist system but helped to improve it.8.The “New Deal” had a certain historical importance.It relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people, stopped the national economy from collapsing and especially prevented the U.S from becoming a fascist state such as Germany, Italy and Japan.二.What do you know about the “Glorious Revolution”?

1.By this time, the Cavaliers and Roundheads had settled down to become England’s first political parties, the former the Tories and the latter the Whigs.2.The Whigs were still not satisfied and began to stir up popular felling against the King’s brother, James, who was a Catholic and was likely to be the next king.3.Most people did not want a Catholic king, but the Whig’s violent behavior reminded England too much of Cromwell.4.In the interest of common justice, Parliament passed in 1679 the well-known Habeas Corpus Act, according to which, any person arrested or detained should be brought before a court of judge within twenty-four hours.5.James Ⅱ, Charles’s brother, ascended the throne after Charles died in 1685.He openly ignored laws passed by Parliament and intended to maintain a standing army commanded by Catholics.6.After three years of struggle, the Whig and Tory leaders at last united against James Ⅱ.Being afraid of another revolution, they planned a coup d’etat.7.In June 1688 the leaders of Parliament invited William of Holland to come and take the throne.William landed with an army and he was so warmly welcomed that James ran away to France without any attempt at resistance.8.William and Mary were then crowned as joint rulers.This was known in history as “The Glorious Revolution”

9.In 1689, Parliament expressed the Bill of Rights;the constitutional Monarchy began in England.10.The English Revolution is an epoch-making event in the history of the world.It concluded the medieval period-the period of feudalism and marks the beginning of the modern period-the period of capitalism.It paved the way for the rapid growth of capitalism in England.三.What were the consequences of Norman Conquest?

1.It increased the process of feudalism which had begun during Anglo-Saxon times.2.William the Conqueror established a strong monarchy in England.3.After the conquest William retained most of the old English customs of government.4.The Norman Conquest also brought about changes in the church.The upper ranks of the clergy were Normanized and feudalized, following the pattern of lay society.5.Along with the Normans came the French language, this would be the language of the court and upper classes until the fourteenth century.四.What do you know about Chartist Movement?

1.The Chartist Movement, like the Anti-Corn Law League, was rooted in many earlier working-class and radical movements for the improvement of social conditions.2.In 1836, the London Working Men’s Association was organized “to seek by every legal means to place all classes in possession of equal political and social rights.”

3.In 1837 a petition, known as the People’s Charter, was drawn up, which included universal suffrage, adoption of equal electoral districts, abolition of the property qualification for members of Parliament, payment of M.P.s, secret ballot, and annual general election..4.The basic point of the People’s Charter is Universal Suffrage.5.The Chartist could be roughly pided into two groups-“moral force”, which believed in reform by peaceful means, and “physical force”, which advocated violence.6.The Chartist Movement reached its height in 1839-1848.7.From 1839 to 1848 three petitions were presented to Parliament, but all three were rejected.8.The Chartist Movement declined after 1848, though the National Charter Association lived until 1858.9.The Chartist Movement failed because of its pided leadership and lack of a strong basis for class unity.10.It was after the Chartist Movement that the English working-class entered a period of conducting independent political movement against the bourgeoisie.五.Why did the Industrial Revolution first take place in Britain?

1.The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the 18th century.2.The accumulation of capital;the development of capitalist farming;the appearance of a labor reserve;and the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign.3.Britain’s population grew in this period and the people were skilled in many different crafts and trades.4.Britain had built a large empire which had a powerful navy and a huge merchant fleet.5.Britain was an island with many excellent ports, so foreign trade was easy.6.Britain had created a world-wide market for its goods and its colonies supplied raw materials.The British slave traders also got a lot of money in their “triangle” trade.7.The English Parliament from 1760 to 1844 passed three thousand eight hundred Enclosure Acts.8.All of these factors sped up primitive accumulation and provided an important prerequisite for the Industrial Revolution.六.How did the Industrial Revolution exert a great influence on both British society and the world?

1.The Industrial Revolution exerts a great influence on both British society and the world.2.The Industrial Revolution was not only a technological revolution but also a great social upheaval.3.The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production.4.Britain began to produce large quality of low-priced goods in a more efficient manner.Many new cities came into being;population increased;the home market was enlarged.British goods almost achieved a monopoly position in the world market.The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the “factory of the world”.5.A factory system was established.Workers were employed and managers became capitalists.Two conflicting classes were born.七.In what ways did Henry Ⅱ consolidate the monarchy?

八.Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?

九.What do you know about Wat Tyler’s Rising?