电子信息英语专业英语词组专业英语b篇翻译

第一篇：电子信息英语专业英语词组专业英语b篇翻译

Translated by何莹婷，版权没有，翻印不究。有错误欢迎指正:)Unit3 27-2In the binary system of representation the base is 2, and only two numerals 0 and 1 are required to represent a number.The numerals 0 and 1 have the same meaning as in the decimal system, but a different interpretation is placed on the position occupied by a digit.In the binary system the inpidual digits represent the coefficients of powers of two rather than ten as in the decimal system.For example, the decimal number 19 is written in the binary representation as 10011 since

10011=1×24+0×23+0×22+1×21+1×20=16+0+0+2+1=19

A short list of equivalent numbers in decimal and binary notation is given in Table 3.2.

二进制示数系统中的基数是二，且只有0和1两个数被用以示数。0和1在这里与在十进制中具有一样的意义，但每个数位表示的不一样。二进制系统中每个数字表示二的幂系数，而十进制中表示十的幂系数。例如，十进制数19在二进制中表示为10011因为 10011=1×24+0×23+0×22+1×21+1×20=16+0+0+2+1=19 二进制和十进制数相等数字见表3.2.27-3A general method for converting from a decimal to a binary number is indicated in Table 3.3.The procedure is the following.Place the decimal number(in this illustration, 19)on the extreme right.Next pide by 2 and place the quotient(9)to the left and indicate the remainder(1)directly below it.Repeat this process(for the next column 9÷2 =4 and a remainder of 1)until a quotient of 0 is obtained.The array of 1’s and 0’s in the second row is the binary representation of the origin decimal number.In this example, decimal 19=10011 binary.

十进制转换成二进制的一般方法如图3.3。过程如下：把十进制数（图中的19）放在最右端，接下来除以2，把商（9）放在左边并直接在其下方标明余数（1）。重复这个步骤（下一列为9÷2=4余1），直到商为0截止。第二行中的1和0就是原始十进制数的二进制表示。此例中，十进制19=二进制10011.28-1A binary digit(a 1 or a 0)is called a bit.A group of bits that has the same significance is called a byte, word, or code.For example, to represent the 10 numerals(0, 1, 2, …, 9)and the 26 letters of the English alphabet would require 36 different combinations of 1’s and 0’s.Since 25<36<26, then a minimum of 6 bits per bite are required in order to accommodate all the alphanumeric characters.In this sense a bite is sometimes referred to as a character and a group of one or more characters as a word.

一位二进制数（一个1或0)叫做比特。一组具有相同意义的比特叫做字节，词，或代码。例如，表示10个数字（0,1,2，...9）和26个英文字母要用到36种不同的1和0的组合。因为25<36<26，那么表示所有这些字母数字字符组最少需要6比特每字节。这种情况下一字节有时候被称为一个字符和一个或多个字符组成的字符串。

29-1The parameters of a physical device(for example, VCE·sat of a transistor)are not identical from sample to sample, and they also vary with temperature.Furthermore, ripple or voltage spikes may exist in the power supply or ground leads, and other sources of unwanted signals, called noise, may be present in the circuit.For these reasons the digital levels are not specified precisely, but as indicated by the shaded region in Figure 3.6, each state is defined by a voltage range about a designated level, such as 4±1 V and 0.2±0.2 V.

每个实体器件样本的参数(如晶体管的VCE·sat)是不完全相同的，它们还会随温度变化。而且，电源或地线可能存在电压脉动或电压峰值，其他干扰信号——噪声也可能出现在电路中。由于这些原因，数字电平没有明确的规定，但如图3.6中阴影所示，将每个状态定义为指定电平的电压范围，例如4±1 V 和 0.2±0.2 V。

Unit4 37-1The materials that make up our universe are composed of over one hundred basic and inpidual types of matter called elements.Ninety-two of these elements occur naturally and the remainders are man-made.Each element has a separate identify of its own, that is, no two elements have the same physical and chemical properties, nor can an element be subpided by ordinary physical and chemical means into simple elements.[1] Examples of elements are gold, mercury and oxygen.构成宇宙的物质是由一百多种基本的不同类型的物质——元素组成的。其中92种元素是天然形成的，其他的则是人造的。每种元素都各有其自己的标识，也就是说，元素的物理和化学特性是独一无二的，一种元素也不可以用物理和化学手段再分成简单的元素。例如金，汞和氧元素。

37-3Electrons whirl around nuclei in much the same manner that the planets of our solar system travel around the sun.The difference between an atom of one element and that of another is in the number of protons and neutrons contained in the nucleus.[2] All the elements in the universe, and therefore all matter, is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.电子围绕原子核旋转，其方式类似于太阳系中行星围绕太阳旋转。一种元素的原子和另一种元素的原子的差别在于其原子核中的质子数和中子数。宇宙中的所有元素，也就是说所有的物质，都是由质子，中子和电子组成的。

37-4There must be force of attraction between a nucleus and the electrons surrounding it, otherwise the electrons would fly off into space, in order to understand its nature, we find it helpful to call this force a charge.The charge of the nucleus is defined as positive, and the opposite charge of the electron, negative.In view of the fact that opposites attract, the force between the nucleus and the rotating electron around it prevents the electron from flying off into space.在原子核与其周围的电子间必然存在着吸引力，否则电子将会飞离原子核，为了理解它的性质，我们把这种力称为电荷。原子核电荷定义为正电荷，电子的电荷则相反，为负电荷。鉴于异性相吸，原子核和围绕其旋转的电子间的力阻止了电子飞离到空间中。

38-last para Impurities may be added to pure semiconductors.This results in semiconductor materials, which may either have an excess of free electrons or a deficiency of orbital electrons.When an excess of electrons is present we call the material N-type;when lack of orbital electrons occurs, we call the material P-type.Both N-type and P-type semiconductors are made by treated materials.such as germanium and silicon with impurities，such as arsenic and indium.The addition of impurities to semiconductors is called doping.杂质被加入到纯的半导体中。这会导致半导体材料中有过剩的自由电子或轨道电子缺失。有过剩电子时材料被称为n型；缺失轨道电子时材料被称为p型。N型和P型半导体都由加工材料制成。例如有杂质的锗和硅，砷和铟。往半导体中加入的杂质添加物叫掺杂质。

Unit5 50-2At first, these disk drives used 14 inch disks, but now they use 5 1/4 inch, 3 1/2 inch,2 1/2 inch, and 1 4/5 inch diameters.In contrast to the floppy disk drive, hard disk drives hold from 80 megabytes to gigabytes and terabytes of information.When purchasing a hard disk, consider storage capacity and seek time, a measure of a hard disk’s access speed.The smaller the numbers, the faster the disk.In the past, 65 milliseconds was the standard access time, but today the standard is less than 7 milliseconds.起初，这些磁盘驱动采用14英寸磁盘，但现在采用的是5 1/4英寸，2 1/2英寸和1 4/5直径的磁盘。与软盘驱动截然不同的是，硬盘驱动保存着兆字节到千兆字节、万兆字节的信息。购买硬盘时要考虑存储容量和寻道时间及存取速度。这些数字越小，磁盘就运行得越快。在过去，标准存取时间为65毫秒，而现在的标准为低于7毫秒。

50-3Storing data on hard disks is similar to storing data on diskettes.In order to read or write data on the surface of the spinning disk platter, the disk drives are designed with access arms, or actuators.[1] The access arms, or actuators, contain one or more read/write heads per disk surface.As the disk rotates at a high rate of speed, usually 3,600 revolution per minute, the read/write heads move across its surface.These read/write heads float on a cushion of air and do not actually touch the surface of the disk.[2] The distance between the head and the surface varies from approximately ten to twenty millionths of an inch.If some form of contamination is introduced or if the alignment of the read/write heads is altered by something accidentally jarring the computer, the disk head can collide and damage the disk surface, causing a loss of data.This event is known as a head crash.Because of the time needed to repair the disk and to reconstruct the data that was lost, head crashes can be extremely costly to users in terms of both time and money.硬盘上的数据存储与软盘上的类似。为了在旋转的磁盘盘片表面读写数据，磁盘驱动器被设计成具有存取和传动装置。存取和传动装置由每个盘片表面的一个或多个读写头构成。当盘片以通常为3600转每分的速度高速旋转时，读写头移过盘片表面。这些读写头在高压气流上漂浮，移动时并不与盘片表面真正接触。读写头与盘片表面的距离约为一万到两千万分之一英寸。如果有污染物介入，或读写头队列被电脑的意外震动改变，读写头会碰撞并损坏盘片表面，引起数据丢失。这种情况叫做磁头碰撞。由于修复磁盘并重建数据需要一定的时间，磁头碰撞会花费用户相当多的金钱和时间。

50-5The sector method for physically organizing data on disks pides each track on the disk surface into inpidual storage areas called sectors.Each sectors can contain a specified number of bytes.Data is referenced by indicating the surface, track, and sector where the data is stored.用扇区方式物理地在磁盘上组织数据是将盘片表面分成独立的存储区域，称之为扇区。每个扇区能包含特定字节数。数据通过指示存储着数据的盘片表面，轨道和扇区来引用。

51-6Most optical disks are prerecorded and cannot be modified by the user.These disks are used for applications such as an auto parts catalog where the information is changed only occasionally, such as once a year, and a new updated optical disk is created.[3] Optical disk devices that provide for one-time recording are called WORM devices, an acronym for write once, read many.Erasable optical disk drives are just starting to be used.The most common erasable optical drives use magneto-optical technology, in which a magnetic field changes the polarity of a spot on the disk that has been heated by a laser.[4] 大多数光盘是事先录好的，且不能被用户修改。这种光盘用于信息量大，不需要经常更改信息内容的场合。例如，一个汽车零件目录，其中的信息是经过一段时间（比如一年）才更新一次，需要更新时再制作一张新的光盘就可以了。只能刻录一次的光盘设备叫WORM设备，是write once, read many的缩写。可擦写光盘设备刚开始被使用。最常见的可擦写光盘驱动采用磁光技术，在这种技术中，磁场改变了磁盘上被激光加热的点的极性。

Unite6 65-1 PCM is dependent on three separate operations: sampling, quantizing, and coding.Many different schemes for performing these three functions have evolved during recent years, and we shall describe the main ones.[1] In these descriptions we shall see how a speech channel of telephone quality maybe conveyed as a series of amplitude values, each value being represented, that is, coded, as a sequence of 8 binary digits.[2] Furthermore, we shall prove that a minimum theoretical sampling frequency of order 6.8 kilohertz(kHz)is required to convey a voice channel occupying the range 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz.[3] Practical equipments, however, normally use a sampling rate of 8 kHz, and if 8-digits per sample value are used, the voice channel becomes represented by a stream of pulses with a repetition rate of 64 kHz.Figure 6.2 illustrates the sampling, quantizing, and coding processes.

脉冲编码调制依靠三个独立的运作：采样，量化，编码。近年来，人们对这三个环节的实现提出了许多不同的方案，我们将对其中一些主要的方案进行讨论。在这些讨论中，我们会看到话路中的语音信号是如何转换成一个幅值序列的，而每个幅值又被编码，即以8位二进制数的序列表示。而且我们将证明，为了变换频率范围为300hz-3.4khz的话路信号，理论上的最小采样频率为6.8khz。但实际的设备通常采用8 kHz的采样速度，而如果采用8位每样本的值，则会出现重复速率为64 kHz的脉冲流。采样，量化和编码过程如图6.2所示。

67-2Digital transmission provides a powerful method for overcoming noisy environments.Noise can be introduced into transmission path in many different ways;perhaps via a nearby lightning strike, the sparking of a car ignition system, or the thermal low-level noise within the communication equipment itself.It is the relationship of the true signal to the noise signal, known as the signal-to-noise ratio, which is of most interest to the communication engineer.Basically, if the signal is very large compared to the noise level, then a perfect message can take place;however, this is not always the case.For example, the signal received from a satellite, located in far outer space, is very weak and is at a level only slightly above that of the noise.[4]

Alternative examples may be found within terrestrial systems where, although the message signal is strong, so is the noise power.数字传输是克服噪声环境的一种有力方式。噪声会以多种不同方式引入传输路径。也许是附近的闪电，汽车点火装置的火花，或者是通信设备中热的低电平噪声。确实信号与噪声信号间的关系称为信噪比，这是通信工程师最感兴趣的问题。基本上说，若信号相对噪声占的比重很大，这条信息将得到完美传输。但事实并不总是这样。比如，从位于遥远太空中的卫星接收到的信号极其微弱，其电平仅比噪声稍高一点。另一个例子是地面系统，尽管信息信号强，但噪声功率也强。

67-3If we consider binary transmission, the complete information about a particular message will always be obtained by simply detecting the presence or absence of the pulse.By comparison, most other forms of transmission systems convey the message information using the shape, or level of the transmitted signal;parameters that are most easily affected by the noise and attenuation introduced by the transmission path.[5] Consequently there is an inherent advantage for overcoming noisy environments by choosing digita1 transmission.

要是我们考虑二进制传输，完整的信息总会通过简单地检测脉冲的有无获得。相比之下，许多其他形式的传输系统利用被传信号的波形或电平高低来传送信息，而这些参数又极易受到传输路径中噪声和衰耗的影响。因此选择数字传输对克服噪声环境有固有的优势。

67-4So far in this discussion we have assumed that each voice channel has a separate coder, the unit that converts sampled amplitude values to a set of pulses;and decoder, the unit that performs the reverse operation.This need not be so, and systems are in operation where a single codec(i.e., coder and its associated decoder)is shared between 24, 30, or even 120 separate channels.A high-speed electronic switch is used to present the analog information signal of each channel, taken in turn, to the codec.The codec is then arranged to sequentially sample the amplitude value, and code this value into the 8-digit sequence.Thus the output to the codec may be seen as a sequence of 8 pulses relating to channel 1, then channel 2, and so on.This unit is called a time pision multiplexer(TDM), and 15 illustrated in Figure 6.3.The multiplexing principle that is used is known as word interleaving.Since the words, or 8-digit sequences, are interleaved in time.目前我们在这个讨论中假定每个话路有单独的编码器，也就是将采样幅值转换成脉冲序列的单元；并有单独的解码器，也就是执行相反操作的单元。其实并不需要这样，系统靠单一的编译码器（编码器和其关联的解码器）运行，它有24，30,甚至120个单独的信道。高速电子开关用以表示每个信道的模拟信息信号，并把信号依次送入编译码器。而后编译码器顺序地进行幅值采样，并把幅值编排成8位码序列。这样编译码器的输出看起来就像一串关于信道1，信道2等的8位脉冲序列。这个单元叫做时分多路器。图6.3说明了15个信道的时分多路器工作原理。采用的分路原理叫字交叉。因为每个字或8位码序列是在一段时间内交叉存取的。

第二篇：人力资源专业英语常用词组[模版]

人力资源管理专业词汇表

1.pension plan 退休金计划 2.scientific management 科学管理 3.task design 任务设计 4.job design 工作设计

5.health-care benefits 医疗保健福利 6.participative management 员工参与管

理法

7.job enrichment 工作丰富化

8.Human Resource Management 人力资源

管理

9.unemployment compensation 失业补偿

金

10.job description 工作描述 11.incentive pay 激励工资 12.job evaluation 工作评价 13.profit sharing 利润分享 14.stock plan 股权计划

15.employee assistance program 雇员援助

计划

16.labor relations 劳务关系 17.payroll administration 薪酬管理 18.occupational disease 职业病 19.advancement system 晋升制度 20.selection process 甄选程序 21.strategic choice 战略选择

22.vertical fit 垂直匹配 23.horizontal fit 水平匹配

24.Human Resource Planning 人力资源规划 25.Human Resource Information System

人力资源信息系统 26.compensation 报酬 27.recruiting 招聘 28.orientation 入职培训 29.succession planning 继任计划 30.performance appraisal 绩效评估 31.job analysis 工作分析 32.job satisfaction 工作满意度 33.Job enlargement 工作扩大化 34.job specification 工作规范 35.performance standards 绩效标准 36.questionnaire method 问卷调查法 37.temporary employees 临时雇员 38.reference 证明人 39.job posting 工作公告

40.requirement requisition 需求申请 41.validity 有效性42.job elements 工作元素 43.interview method 访谈法 44.observation method 观察法

第三篇：专业英语 翻译

1.Design means features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornamentation applicable to an article, being features that, in the finished article, can be judged by the eye, but does not include method or principle if construction.1 设计意味着形状的特征，结构，图案或装饰，用于一个物品中，成为一种特征，在完成的物品中，可以通过眼睛来判断，但不包括形成方法或原则。

2.Design is the activity that makes the living environment more suitable for people,it is also the tool by which the technologies, manufacture ability, market needs and resources can be transferred into the useful results and products.设计是一种能让生活环境更适宜人类生存的活动，也是一种可以将科学技术、制造能力、市场需求和资源转换为有用的结果和产品的工具。Design is the area of human experience, skill and knowledge that reflects mains concernwith the appreciation of his surroundings in the light of his materials and spiritual need, in particular, it relates with configuration, composition, meaning, value and purpose in man-made phenomena.3设计是人类的体验、技能和知识的结合体，源于设计者对其周遭环境的欣赏，按照其当时拥有的材料和精神需求，反映了一些主要问题，特别是在人为现象中，设计与外形结构、组成成分、含义、价值和目的都有关系。

4Design is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer.4 设计是一种创造、开发新的观念与规范的专业服务，即在用户和制造商的共同利益的基础上，优化产品和系统的功能、价值和外观。

5.Design is an activity that uses wide range of experience, knowledge, and skills to find the best solution to a problem, within certain constrains.一定的约束。设计是一种活动，它广泛运用经验，知识，和技能，在一定的约束下，去寻找解决问题的最佳方法。

6.Design is far more than just problem-solving.It involves the whole process of producing a solution, from conception to evaluation.概念 评价。设计不仅仅是解决问题，它包括一个从概念到评估全过程的解决方法。

7.Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects多方面的品质目标, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles.7 设计是一种创造性的活动，旨在建立多方面的品质目标，过程，服务和全部生命周期中的系统。

8．Design is concerned with the whole process from identifying a problem, through to creating a solution and then testing it.设计与发现问题，解决方案以及对其试验的整个过程密切相关。

When applied to fine and applied arts, engineering, and other such creative efforts, design is both a noun and a verb.当设计应用于精美的或者实用型的艺术、工程或其他类似的创造性工作时，它既是一个

名词，又是一个动词。Red activates your pituitary gland, increasing your heart rate and causing you to breathe more rapidly.This visceral response makes red aggressive, energetic, provocative and attention-grabbing.Count on red to evoke a passionate response, albeit not always a favorable one.For example, red can represent danger or indebtedness.9 红色，激活了你的脑下垂体，增加了你的心率，加速了你的呼吸。这些生理上的反应也赋予了红色以攻击性、活力、刺激并引人注目。虽然红色并非总是最惹人喜爱的颜色，但凭借红色仍可唤起充满激情的回应。例如，红色可以用来表征危险或债务。It's important to remember that colors can have different meanings in different parts of the world.If your business operates globally, make sure you research the color selections for your brand to ensure your colors accurately communicate your brand image in international markets.10 我们应当铭记，各种色彩在世界的不同地区有着不同的含义。如果你在从事全球性的贸易，一定要充分调研自家品牌的色彩选择，确保选用的颜色在国际市场上能够准确传达品牌形象。

11.Blue is frequently used to promote products and services related to cleanliness and purity — cleaning liquids and water purification filters — air and sky for airlines, airports, and air conditioners, or water and sea such as bottled waters and ocean voyages.11.蓝色是经常被用来促进产品和服务，清洁和纯洁性清洁液体和水净化过滤器-空气，天空与航空公司，机场，和空调，或水和海水如瓶装水和大洋航行。

Rococo 洛可可Baroque style 巴洛克风格 Romantic painting浪漫主义画派Realism现实主义Abstract 抽象派

secondary colors:间色（绿橙紫）

primary colors:原色

complementary colors:补色

in-house 内部的the definition of design management 设计管理的定义

design project management设计项目管理

Sustainable design 可持续设计

Green design 绿色设计

Attribute属性，品质

cutting-edge前沿的end-user 终端用户

humanity 人，人性

prototype原型

usability可用性

human centered design 以人为本的设计

briefn.概要, 摘要

The design process设计过程

Observation and adaptation观察法和改良设计

ideas from drawing从图纸的想法

Brainstorming 头脑风暴

Checklists 调查问卷法

human body measurement 人体测量

a procedural flow chart 程序流程图

time schedule 时间表

sustainable design(green design)可持续设计

古希腊文化是西方文明的发源地。而且，古希腊设计也是西方设计的起源。特别是它的建筑艺术深深影响了西方建筑202_多年。

到了汉代，传统祭祀器皿的制造已经停止，青铜用于制造实用品或者奢侈品。到了唐代，金，银，镀金青铜几乎完全取代了铜，可能因为与中亚和西亚的人的接触，那里贵重的金属材料很久前就被重视了。

第四篇：专业英语(电子信息与通信工程)

Electroics电子学battery电池

lSI大规模集成电路 ultraviolet紫外线radiation辐射LED发光二级管capacitor电容

integratedcircuit集成电路 wireless telegraph无线电报 passive devices无源器件 电流current二极管diodes

半导体semiconductor真空管vacuum tube 印刷电路printed circuit 高清电视 high definition tv电阻器resistorAmpere 安培Conductivity传导体 magnetic cor磁芯insulator绝缘体dielectric电解质

thevenin’s theore戴维定理negative termin负极charge电荷

inductance感应系数 polarity极性电感inductor节点hode

等效电阻equivalent resistance

叠加定理superpower theorem

Semiconductor半导体 number system计数制IC集成电路 commutative Law分配率 binary二进制inverter交换器negative否认的sequential时序的双极型bipolar晶体管transistor N沟道N channel

线性化line

布尔代数boolean algera真值表the table解发器flip-flop

组合逻辑电路combinationallogla circuit 积和式sum-of-products Parasitic capacitance寄生电容

channel bandwidt通道带宽half-duplex半双工

spurious frequenc寄生频率 input match输入匹配 tuning range调制范围the baseband amplifier基带放大器

noise figure噪声系数 minimum detectable signal最小可检测信号灵敏度sensitivity 谐波harmonics

阻抗匹配impedance match 本机振荡the local csillator 过载特性overload characteristics

信道channel

高斯白噪声white cnaussian noise

中频inter medium

基带信号basebandsignal Signal and syste信号与系统 aeronautics and astronautics航空航天

continuous-time signals连续时间信号

signal energy and power信号与功能

total energy总能量 complex number复数 infinite time interval无限时间范围

average power平均能量 physical system物理系统 automotive vehicl机动车辆

信号处理signal processing 电路设计circuit design离散时间信号discrete-time signal

非零常数nonzerv constant 独立变量independent variables

瞬时功率instaneous power 无限能量infinite energy相互作用的子系统interconnection-of-subsystems

图像增强

image-enhancement

第五篇：电子信息工程专业英语总结

Actuator 致动器，执行器 acquisition time采样时间 address从事，忙于 address pointer地址指针 adjustment 调整，调节 adverse 不利的，相反的 aliasing混叠现象 all in all总而言之 alter 改变 alternative选择 aluminium 铝 analogous 类似的 anguish 痛苦，苦恼 antenna 触角，天线 anti-aliasing filter 抗混叠滤波器 appliance用具，器具 approach 方法 arena竞技场，舞台 array 阵列，数组 asynchronous 异步的 as a consequence因此 as opposed to...与...相反 baseband基带 base station基站 be encumbered with为...所累 behavioral synthesis行为综合 be referred to as...被称作...bipolar 双极性的 boast 夸耀 Boolean variable布尔变量 budget预算 buffer缓冲器，缓冲区 building block构件，模块 bulky 容量大的，体积大的 bus interface总线接口 cache 高速缓存 capacitor 电容器 capacity 容量，电容 capture 记录，输入 carrier wave载波 cell 细胞，蜂房，电池 cellular 蜂窝状的 chrominance 色度 circular 圆形的，循环的 commute 通勤 comparator 比较器 compatibility兼容性 component 组件 conditioning 调节，调整 conduct 传导 configure 配置，设定 consequently 从而，因此 consumption 消耗 consolidated加固的，整理过的，统一的 context上下文，背景，环境 cordless 不用电线的 cordless phone无绳电话 corresponding 相应的 cost-effective 合算的 couple连接，结合 cubic 立方体的，立方的 current source电流源 cryptography密码系统，密码术 daunting 使人畏缩的 data processing数据处理 data sheet数据手册 deceptive欺骗性的 dedicate专用，致力于 deduce推导，演绎 deflection偏转 descendant 后裔，后代 design flow设计流程 device 器件 diagram 图表 dial tone拨号音 digitisation 数字化 disadvantage缺点，劣势 discrete 离散的 drawback 缺点，障碍 drift 漂移 drive 驱动器 dynamic 动态的 dynamic range动态范围 educated受过教育的，有教养的，有根据的embedded system嵌入式系统 embrace拥抱，包含 emulation仿真 encompass包含 encumber阻碍 end office端局 end product最终产品 ensue跟着发生 erasable 可擦写的 erroneous错误的 even field偶数场 facilitate使容易，使便利 ferroelectric 铁电的 fiasco 惨败，大失败 field-programmable现场可编程的 flicker闪烁，颤动 flip flop触发器 floppy disk软盘 for the nonce目前，暂且 for fear of为了避免 formality 手续，礼节，仪式 format 格式 foundry半导体制造商 frame 帧 frame grabber 帧采集器 frequency reuse频率重用 full-custom全定制的 full scale range满量程范围 functional accelerator性能加速器 glue logic胶连逻辑 graphical 图形的 guesstimate估计，猜测 hand-held手持的，手持式的 handset 电话听筒，手持机 handy 手边的，容易取得的 henceforth自此以后，今后 hexagon 六边形

high-powered 大功率的 humble 级别低的，位置低的 humongous极大的 hybrid 混合的

impediment妨碍，阻碍 implement 实现；器具 in any event无论如何 inbound 输入的 incoming 输入的

incoming inspection入厂检查；输入检验 inconsistent不一致的，矛盾的 incorporate 一体化

incredibly难以置信地，惊人地 incur招致

in conjunction with与...协力 in detail详细地 inevitably 不可避免 infinite无限的

in motion在运转，处于活跃状态 innovative创新的

in one’s own right依靠自身的本领或素质 in parallel并行的，平行的 in practical terms实际上 install 安装

insulate 绝缘；隔离 integrated 集成的

in terms of根据，在...方面 interface capacitor沟道电容器 interference 干扰，干涉 interlace交织，交错

interpretation解释，阐明 in the field在现场

iterative重复的，迭代的 jargon行话

laborious 艰苦的，费力的 leakage 泄露

lessen 减少，减轻

level shifter电平移动器 lifetime 寿命

line driver线路驱动器 lithographic平版印刷的 luminance亮度

macrofunction宏功能 magnetic 磁的

manageable 易处理的 mandate 委任

manipulate 操作，处理 market时常，销路，行情 mask 掩模，掩码，掩蔽 mass-produced 大量生产的 mechanical 机械的 memory 存储器，内存

metal interconnect金属互联 metalization 金属化 methodology 方法学 microcell 微蜂窝

miniaturization 细微化 mixed-signal混合信号 more often than not时常 next state次态

nonrecurring一次性的，不重视的 numerical数值的

Nyquist theorem奈奎斯特定理 octal八管脚的，八进制的 odd field奇数场

of age成熟；发达；充分发展 offset弥补，抵消 optical 光学的

order of magnitude数量级 oscillator 振荡器 outbound 输出的

overload使超载，超过负荷；超载，过载 over（a/the）period（of）在某段时间内 packet 封包，分组

packet switching分组交换 parallelism并行度 partition 分割，划分 passive 无源的 pattern 模式，图案

pay off带来利益；偿清债务

perceptive 有知觉的，有理解力的 placement 布置，安排 power dissipation功耗 precede领先于

predominant 卓越的，支配的，主要的 present state现态

price/performance ratio性能价格比 prior to先于，在...之前 profession 职业，专业 proportion比例

proposition主张，建议 prototype原型，样机

put out放出，产生；消除；熄灭 quantization level量化电平rating 等级，级别 real time实时 reciprocal倒数

reconfigurable可重新配置的 refresh 刷新 register 寄存器 routing 布线

run up升起；积欠；匆匆制成

sample and hold circuit采样保持电路 sampling interval采样间隔 schematic 原理图，示意图 second-level二级的 self-destruction 自毁 semiconductor 半导体 semi-custom半定制的 sequential 时序的 shed棚，小屋

signal conditioner信号调节器 signal-to-noise ratio信噪比 silicon 硅

simultaneously 同时

simulation 模拟，仿真 simulator 模拟器，仿真器 simultaneously同时地 smoothing平滑 solid state固态 sourcing 供货

specialized 专门的，专用的

specification 技术要求，规格明细 spectral inversion频谱反转 spectrum光谱，频谱，范围 spurt喷射，迸发，冲刺 squash挤进，挤压 squeal 长声尖叫 stability 稳定性 state machine状态机 static 静态的

successor 继承者，接任者；后续的事物 synchronous 同步的 synthesis 综合

tailor剪裁，修改，调整 textural 文本的

time to market上市时间 transducer 传感器，变换器 transfer function传输函数 transistor 晶体管 trick窍门，诀窍 trigger 触发

ultimate 最终的，根本的 uncommitted 未确定用途的 underlying根本的，潜在的 undependable 不可靠的 undersampling 欠采样 vendor 厂商 viable可行的 volatile 易失的

voltage source电压源 watt 瓦特

well-paid 收入高的 whereas 然而

wireless infrastructure无线基础设施 wrapp包裹，覆盖，缠绕 zero order hold零阶保持

AMPS.advanced mobile phone system.先进移动电话系统

ASIC.application specific integrated circuit.专用集成电路 ASSP.application-specific standard parts.专用标准器件 CAD.computer aided design.计算机辅助设计

CAM.content addressable memory.内容寻址存储器 CB.citizen' band.民用波段

CCD.charge-coupled device.电荷耦合器件 CD.compact disc.光盘

CMOS.complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor.互补金属氧化物半导体 CPLD.complex programmable logic device.复杂可编程逻辑器件 DA.desigh automation设计自动化

DRAM.dynamic random access memory动态随机存储器 DSP.digital signal processor数字信号处理器 ECL.emitter coupled logic射极耦合逻辑

EDA.electronic design automation电子设计自动化

EEPROM.electrically erasable programmable rom电可擦除可编程只读存储器FCC.federal communications commission联邦通信委员会 FPGA.field programmable gate array现场可编程门阵列 GBW.gain×bandwidth增益带宽积

GPP.general-purpose microprocessor通用微处理器

GSM.global system for mobile communication全球移动通信系统 HDL.hardware description language硬件描述语言 IC.intergrated circuit.集成电路

IMTS.improved mobile phone system 改进移动电话系统 ISP.in-system programmable在系统可编程 LP.long playing（record）慢转密纹唱片 LSI.large-scale integration.大规模集成

MOS.metal-oxide-semiconductor互补金属氧化物半导体 MTSO.mobile telephone switching office移动电话交换局 MSC.mobile switching center移动交换中心 NRE.nonrecurring engineering一次性工程 ns.nanosecond纳秒

NTSC.national television systems committee国家电视系统委员会 OTP.one-time programmable一次可编程 PAL.phase alternation by line逐行倒相

PAL.programmable array logic可编程阵列逻辑 PLA.programmable logic array可编程逻辑阵列 PLD.programmable logic device可编程逻辑器件

PTT.post telephone and telegraph administration邮电管理局 PSTN.public switched telephone network公共交换电话网 RC.reconfigurable computing可重配计算 ROM.read only memory只读存储器

RTL.register transfer level寄存器传输级 SDR.software-defined radios软件无线电

SECAM.sequential couleur avec memoire顺序与存储彩色电视系统 SoC.system-on-chip片上系统

SPLD.simple programmable logic devices简单可编程逻辑器件 SRAM.static random access memory.静态随机存取存储器 UV.ultraviolet紫外线

VHDL.very high speed integrated-circuit hardware-description language 超高速集成电路硬件描述语言

VHSIC.very high speed integrated circuit超高速集成电路 VLSI.very large-scale integration.超大规模集成 μP.microprocessor微处理器