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奥巴马就曼德拉辞世发表声明

奥巴马就曼德拉辞世发表声明



第一篇:奥巴马就曼德拉辞世发表声明

THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary December 5, 2013 STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT ON THE DEATH OF NELSON MANDELA

James S.Brady Press Briefing Room 5:25 P.M.EST THE PRESIDENT: At his trial in 1964, Nelson Mandela closed his statement from the dock saying, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

And Nelson Mandela lived for that ideal, and he made it real.He achieved more than could be expected of any man.Today, he has gone home.And we have lost one of the most influential, courageous, and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with on this Earth.He no longer belongs to us--he belongs to the ages.Through his fierce dignity and unbending will to sacrifice his own freedom for the freedom of others, Madiba transformed South Africa--and moved all of us.His journey from a prisoner to a President embodied the promise that human beings--and countries--can change for the better.His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to, whether in the lives of nations or our own personal lives.And the fact that he did it all with grace and good humor, and an ability to acknowledge his own imperfections, only makes the man that much more remarkable.As he once said, “I am not a saint, unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.” I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela's life.My very first political action, the first thing I ever did that involved an issue or a policy or politics, was a protest against apartheid.I studied his words and his writings.The day that he was released from prison gave me a sense of what human beings can do when they’re guided by their hopes and not by their fears.And like so many around the globe, I cannot fully imagine my own life without the example that Nelson Mandela set, and so long as I live I will do what I can to learn from him.To Graça Machel and his family, Michelle and I extend our deepest sympathy and gratitude for sharing this extraordinary man with us.His life’s work meant long days away from those who loved him the most.And I only hope that the time spent with him these last few weeks brought peace and comfort to his family.To the people of South Africa, we draw strength from the example of renewal, and reconciliation, and resilience that you made real.A free South Africa at peace with itself--that’s an example to the world, and that’s Madiba’s legacy to the nation he loved.We will not likely see the likes of Nelson Mandela again.So it falls to us as best we can to forward the example that he set: to make decisions guided not by hate, but by love;to never discount the difference that one person can make;to strive for a future that is worthy of his sacrifice.For now, let us pause and give thanks for the fact that Nelson Mandela lived--a man who took history in his hands, and bent the arc of the moral universe toward justice.May God Bless his memory and keep him in peace.

第二篇:奥巴马致哀曼德拉

南非国父曼德拉逝世:奥巴马致哀曼德拉(中英对照)kira86 于2013-12-06 2013年12月5日,南非前总统曼德拉因病逝世,享年95岁。美国总统奥巴马发表电视讲话悼念曼德拉,称曼德拉是正义、平等和尊严的象征,他属于一个时代。

President Barack Obama Remarks on the Death of Nelson Mandela 奥巴马发表讲话悼念曼德拉 英语演讲稿带中文翻译:

At his trial in 1964, Nelson Mandela closed his statement from the dock saying, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” 纳尔逊·曼德拉在1964年接受审判时在被告席上结束他的陈述时说:“我曾为反对白人统治而斗争,也曾为反对黑人统治而斗争。我一直珍藏着一个民主、自由的社会理想,让所有人都生活在一个和谐共处、机会均等的社会中。我希望为这个理想而生并将其付诸实现。但是,如果需要,我也愿为这样一个理想献出生命。”

And Nelson Mandela lived for that ideal, and he made it real.He achieved more than could be expected of any man.Today, he has gone home.And we have lost one of the most influential, courageous, and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with on this Earth.He no longer belongs to us--he belongs to the ages.纳尔逊·曼德拉为这个理想而生,并将其变成现实。他的成就超出了我们能够寄望于任何一个人去取得的。今天,他安息了。而我们失去了一位我们任何一个人能在这个地球上与之共渡时光的人中,最有影响力、最有勇气、最无比善良的一位。他不再属于我们——他属于一个时代。

Through his fierce dignity and unbending will to sacrifice his own freedom for the freedom of others, Madiba transformed South Africa--and moved all of us.His journey from a prisoner to a President embodied the promise that human beings--and countries--can change for the better.His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to, whether in the lives of nations or our own personal lives.And the fact that he did it all with grace and good humor, and an ability to acknowledge his own imperfections, only makes the man that much more remarkable.As he once said, “I am not a saint, unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.” 曼德拉以其强烈的尊严和为了他人的自由不惜牺牲自己的自由的不折的意志,改变了南非的面貌,并感动了我们所有人。他从一名囚徒变成一位总统的历程体现了全人类——以及各个国家——都能变得更美好的希望。他移交权力并同那些关押他的人和解的承诺,树立了一个全人类都应当追求的典范,不论是在国家生活中,还是在我们的个人生活中。而他在做到这一切时还能保持风度和幽默,以及承认自己的不足的能力,这使他更加卓尔不群。他曾说过:“我不是一个圣人,除非你们认为圣人是一个不断努力的罪人。”

I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela's life.My very first political action, the first thing I ever did that involved an issue or a policy or politics, was a protest against apartheid.I studied his words and his writings.The day that he was released from prison gave me a sense of what human beings can do when they’re guided by their hopes and not by their fears.And like so many around the globe, I cannot fully imagine my own life without the example that Nelson Mandela set, and so long as I live I will do what I can to learn from him.在被纳尔逊·曼德拉的经历所激励的亿万人中,我是其中一员。我的第一次政治行动——我所做的与一项议题或政策或政治有关的第一件事——就是抗议种族歧视。我认真研读了他的话和他的著作。他走出监狱的那一天,我认识到人类能够在自己的希望——而不是恐惧——引领下所能成就的事业。正如全球各地许许多多的人一 样,我无法充分想象没有纳尔逊·曼德拉的榜样我的生活会是怎样。在我的有生之年,我将尽最大努力向他学习。

To Graça Machel and his family, Michelle and I extend our deepest sympathy and gratitude for sharing this extraordinary man with us.His life’s work meant long days away from those who loved him the most.And I only hope that the time spent with him these last few weeks brought peace and comfort to his family.米歇尔和我谨向格拉萨·马歇尔和曼德拉的家人致以最深沉的慰唁,并感谢他们与我们分享这位不平凡的人。他的毕生努力意味着长年累月远离最爱他的人们。我真切地希望与他共同度过的最后这几个星期为他的家人带来了平静与安慰。

To the people of South Africa, we draw strength from the example of renewal, andreconciliation, and resilience that you made real.A free South Africa at peace with itself--that’s an example to the world, and that’s Madiba’s legacy to the nation he loved.对南非人民,我们要说,你们通过重生、和解与坚毅树立的榜样给了我们力量。一个自由、和平的南非——这是世界的榜样,这是“马迪巴”(曼德拉的家族名)为他所热爱的国家留下的遗产。

We will not likely see the likes of Nelson Mandela again.So it falls to us as best we can to forward the example that he set: to make decisions guided not by hate, but by love;to never discount the difference that one person can make;to strive for a future that is worthy of his sacrifice.我们可能难以再见到像纳尔逊·曼德拉这样的伟人。因此,我们的责任是尽我们所能把他树立的榜样传承下去:基于爱——而不是恨——来作决定;永远不要低估一个人所能带来的变化;努力建设一个无愧于他的牺牲的未来。

For now, let us pause and give thanks for the fact that Nelson Mandela lived--a man who took history in his hands, and bent the arc of the moral universe toward justice.May God Bless his memory and keep him in peace.现在,让我们停下来,为纳尔逊·曼德拉曾经活着而表达我们的感激之情——他用双手握住历史,把道德宇宙的长虹折向正义。愿上帝保佑他的记忆,使他安息。

第三篇:奥巴马就曼德拉逝世发表演讲译文

奥巴马就曼德拉逝世发表演讲译文

At his trial in 1964, Nelson Mandela closed his statement from the dock saying, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

在1964年的庭审中,纳尔逊曼德拉在被告席以下面一段话结束辩论:“我一直为反抗白人统治而奋斗,我也一直为反抗黑人统治而奋斗。我一直珍视的理想就是一个民主和自由的社会,那里所有人都机会均等,和谐共生。那是我希望为之活着并且去实现的理想。但是如果必要,我时刻准备为之牺牲。”

And Nelson Mandela lived for that ideal, and he made it real.He achieved more than could be expected of any man.Today, he has gone home.And we have lost one of the most influential, courageous, and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with on this Earth.He no longer belongs to us--he belongs to the ages.纳尔逊曼德拉的确为这个理想活着,并且实现了这个理想。他实现的超过了所有人的期待。今天,他死得其所。我们失去了一个最具影响力的、最大无畏的和彻彻底底的好人,世界上的所有人都愿意和他分享时代。他已经不属于我们--他属于几个世纪。

Through his fierce dignity and unbending will to sacrifice his own freedom for the freedom of others, Madiba transformed South Africa--and moved all of us.His journey from a prisoner to a President embodied the promise that human beings--and countries--can change for the better.His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to, whether in the lives of nations or our own personal lives.And the fact that he did it all with grace and good humor, and an ability to acknowledge his own imperfections, only makes the man that much more remarkable.As he once said, “I am not a saint, unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.”

以牺牲自己的自由获取其他人的自由的嫉恶如仇的尊严和不屈不挠的意志,马迪巴(对曼德拉的尊称)改变了南非--并且感动了我们所有人。他从囚徒到总统的历程体现了人类--和国家--可以变得更好的希望。他改变政体的承诺和与迫害他的人们的和解树立了全人类都应该追随的榜样,无论在国家生活中还是在个人生活中。事实上,他以其特有的优雅和幽默、以认识自己不足的能力完成了所有这一切,而这反而使他更加誉满天下。正如他曾经说过的:“我不是圣人,除非你们认为圣人就是一个不断完善自己的罪人。”

I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela's life.My very first political action, the first thing I ever did that involved an issue or a policy or politics, was a protest against apartheid.I studied his words and his writings.The day that he was released from prison gave me a sense of what human beings can do when they’re guided by their hopes and not by their fears.And like so many around the globe, I cannot fully imagine my own life without the example that Nelson Mandela set, and so long as I live I will do what I can to learn from him.我是无数的从纳尔逊曼德拉的一生汲取力量的人之一。我的第一个政治活动,我做的第一件涉及争端或政策或政治的事,就是抗议种族隔离。我学习了他的语录和著作。他获释的那天让我认识到人类在希望的指引下可以做到什么,而不是在恐惧的支配下能做到什么。和世界上很多人一样,我无法想象没有曼德拉树立的榜样我的生活会是怎么的,只要我还活在我就要尽我所能学习他。

To Graça Machel and his family, Michelle and I extend our deepest sympathy and gratitude for sharing this extraordinary man with us.His life’s work meant long days away from those who loved him the most.And I only hope that the time spent with him these last few weeks brought peace and comfort to his family.米切尔和我向格拉萨马绍尔(曼德拉的遗孀)和他的亲属表示最深切的同情和感激,感谢他们和我们共同拥有这个杰出的人。他一生的工作就是最热爱他的人们的漫长未来。我瑾希望在他弥留的几周里与他共度的时光带给他的家人平静和安慰。

To the people of South Africa, we draw strength from the example of renewal, and reconciliation, and resilience that you made real.A free South Africa at peace with itself--that’s an example to the world, and that’s Madiba’s legacy to the nation he loved.亲爱的南非人民,我们从你们实现的更新、和解和刚毅的榜样中汲取力量。一个内部和谐的南非--就是留给世界的榜样,就是马迪巴留给他热爱的国家的传奇。

We will not likely see the likes of Nelson Mandela again.So it falls to us as best we can to forward the example that he set: to make decisions guided not by hate, but by love;to never discount the difference that one person can make;to strive for a future that is worthy of his sacrifice.For now, let us pause and give thanks for the fact that Nelson Mandela lived--a man who took history in his hands, and bent the arc of the moral universe toward justice.May God Bless his memory and keep him in peace.我们可能再也看不到曼德拉式的人物了。所以我们追随他树立的榜样的最好方式就是:在爱的指引下做决定,而不是在恨的指引下做决定;永远不要小看一个人可以带来的改变;为无愧于他的牺牲的未来而奋斗。

现在,让我们暂时抛开一切感谢曼德拉的一生--一个双手把握历史的人,把精神世界的弓弯向公平。

愿上帝保佑他的记忆让他安息。

第四篇:奥巴马发表讲话悼念曼德拉

奥巴马发表讲话悼念曼德拉

2013年12月5日,南非前总统曼德拉因病逝世,享年95岁。美国总统奥巴马发表电视讲话悼念曼德拉,称曼德拉是正义、平等和尊严的象征,他属于一个时代。

Statement by the President on the Death of Nelson Mandela

At his trial in 1964, Nelson Mandela closed his statement from the dock saying, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

纳尔逊·曼德拉在1964年接受审判时在被告席上结束他的陈述时说:“我曾为反对白人统治而斗争,也曾为反对黑人统治而斗争。我一直珍藏着一个民主、自由的社会理想,让所有人都生活在一个和谐共处、机会均等的社会中。我希望为这个理想而生并将其付诸实现。但是,如果需要,我也愿为这样一个理想献出生命。”

trial n.试验;审讯;努力;磨炼adj.试验的;审讯的 nelson Mandela 纳尔逊·曼德拉(前南非总统)

dock n.码头;船坞;被告席;尾巴的骨肉部分vt.使靠码头;剪短vi.入船坞

domination n.控制;支配

cherish vt.珍爱vt.怀有(感情等);抱有(希望等)idealn.理想;典范 adj.理想的;完美的;想象的;不切实际的 democratic adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的 harmony n.协调;和睦;融洽;调和

And Nelson Mandela lived for that ideal, and he made it real.He achieved more than could be expected of any man.Today, he has gone home.And we have lost one of the most influential, courageous, and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with on this Earth.He no longer belongs to us--he belongs to the ages.纳尔逊·曼德拉为这个理想而生,并将其变成现实。他的成就超出了我们能够寄望于任何一个人去取得的。今天,他安息了。而我们失去了一位我们任何一个人能在这个地球上与之共渡时光的人中,最有影响力、最有勇气、最无比善良的一位。他不再属于我们——他属于一个时代。

influential adj.有影响的;有势力的n.有影响力的人物 courageous adj.有胆量的,勇敢的 profoundly adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地

Through his fierce dignity and unbending will to sacrifice his own freedom for the freedom of others, Madiba transformed South Africa--and moved all of us.His journey from a prisoner to a President embodied the promise that human beings--and countries--can change for the better.His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to, whether in the lives of nations or our own personal lives.And the fact that he did it all with grace and good humor, and an ability to acknowledge his own imperfections, only makes the man that much more remarkable.As he once said, “I am not a saint, unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.”

曼德拉以其强烈的尊严和为了他人的自由不惜牺牲自己的自由的不折的意志,改变了南非的面貌,并感动了我们所有人。他从一名囚徒变成一位总统的历程体现了全人类——以及各个国家——都能变得更美好的希望。他移交权力并同那些关押他的人和解的承诺,树立了一个全人类都应当追求的典范,不论是在国家生活中,还是在我们的个人生活中。而他在做到这一切时还能保持风度和幽默,以及承认自己的不足的能力,这使他更加卓尔不群。他曾说过:“我不是一个圣人,除非你们认为圣人是一个不断努力的罪人。”

unbending adj.坚定的;不易弯曲的;冷漠的n.随意;舒畅v.将„弄直;松弛;伸直(unbend的ing形式)journey n.旅行;行程vi.旅行

embodied v.呈现(embody的过去式及过去分词形式);具体表达 commitment n.承诺,保证;委托;承担义务;献身

transfer n.转让;转移;传递;过户vt.使转移;调任vi.转让;转学;换车

reconcile vt.使一致;使和解;调停,调解;使顺从 aspire vi.渴望;立志;追求

remarkable adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意

saint n.圣人;圣徒;道德崇高的人adj.神圣的vt.成为圣徒 sinner n.罪人;有错者

I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela's life.My very first political action, the first thing I ever did that involved an issue or a policy or politics, was a protest against apartheid.I studied his words and his writings.The day that he was released from prison gave me a sense of what human beings can do when they’re guided by their hopes and not by their fears.And like so many around the globe, I cannot fully imagine my own life without the example that Nelson Mandela set, and so long as I live I will do what I can to learn from him.在被纳尔逊·曼德拉的经历所激励的亿万人中,我是其中一员。我的第一次政治行动——我所做的与一项议题或政策或政治有关的第一件事——就是抗议种族歧视。我认真研读了他的话和他的著作。他走出监狱的那一天,我认识到人类能够在自己的希望——而不是恐惧——引领下所能成就的事业。正如全球各地许许多多的人一 样,我无法充分想象没有纳尔逊·曼德拉的榜样我的生活会是怎样。在我的有生之年,我将尽最大努力向他学习。countless adj.无数的;数不尽的

drew v.牵引(draw的过去式);描绘;起草 political adj.政治的;党派的

politics n.政治,政治学;政治活动;政纲 apartheid n.种族隔离

guided adj.有指导的;有向导的 To Graca Machel and his family, Michelle and I extend our deepest sympathy and gratitude for sharing this extraordinary man with us.His life’s work meant long days away from those who loved him the most.And I only hope that the time spent with him these last few weeks brought peace and comfort to his family.米歇尔和我谨向格拉萨·马歇尔和曼德拉的家人致以最深沉的慰唁,并感谢他们与我们分享这位不平凡的人。他的毕生努力意味着长年累月远离最爱他的人们。我真切地希望与他共同度过的最后这几个星期为他的家人带来了平静与安慰。

To the people of South Africa, we draw strength from the example of renewal, andreconciliation, and resilience that you made real.A free South Africa at peace with itself--that’s an example to the world, and that’s Madiba’s legacy to the nation he loved.对南非人民,我们要说,你们通过重生、和解与坚毅树立的榜样给了我们力量。一个自由、和平的南非——这是世界的榜样,这是“马迪巴”(曼德拉的家族名)为他所热爱的国家留下的遗产。graca Machel gratitude n.感谢(的心情);感激

extraordinary adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的 meant v.意味;打算(mean的过去式和过去分词);表示„的意思 draw n.平局;抽签vi.拉;拖vt.画;拉;吸引 renewal n.更新,恢复;复兴;补充;革新;续借;重申 andreconciliation

resilience n.恢复力;弹力;顺应力 legacy n.遗赠,遗产

We will not likely see the likes of Nelson Mandela again.So it falls to us as best we can to forward the example that he set: to make decisions guided not by hate, but by love;to never discount the difference that one person can make;to strive for a future that is worthy of his sacrifice.我们可能难以再见到像纳尔逊·曼德拉这样的伟人。因此,我们的责任是尽我们所能把他树立的榜样传承下去:基于爱——而不是恨——来作决定;永远不要低估一个人所能带来的变化;努力建设一个无愧于他的牺牲的未来。

For now, let us pause and give thanks for the fact that Nelson Mandela lived--a man who took history in his hands, and bent the arc of the moral universe toward justice.May God Bless his memory and keep him in peace.现在,让我们停下来,为纳尔逊·曼德拉曾经活着而表达我们的感激之情——他用双手握住历史,把道德宇宙的长虹折向正义。愿上帝保佑他的记忆,使他安息。strive vi.努力;奋斗;抗争

arc n.弧(度);弧光(全称electric arc);弧形物;天穹adj.圆弧的;反三角函数的vt.形成电弧;走弧线

moral n.道德;寓意adj.道德的;精神上的;品性端正

第五篇:曼德拉和奥巴马:领袖的领导能力特征

曼德拉和奥巴马:领袖的领导能力特征

2013-07-24 11:10:55 清华大学领导力培训

纳尔逊·罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉(NelsonRolihlahlaMandela)1918年7月18日出生于南非特兰斯凯,先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格。曾任非国大青年联盟全国书记、主席。于1994年至1999年间任南非总统,是首位黑人总统,被尊称为南非国父。贝拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马二世(英语:BarackHusseinObamaII,1961.08.04-),美国民主党政治家。第56届、第57届美国总统(连任)。为美国历史上第一位非裔总统,首位同时拥有黑(卢欧族)白(英德爱混血)血统的总统。

2013年7月18日,南非著名的反种族隔离英雄纳尔逊-曼德拉迎来了95岁生日。这位已在病榻上缠绵了一个多月的老人牵动着全世界的心。作为著名领袖,其表现出的意志力、领导能力thldl.org.cn为管理者提供了很好的范本。

在此之前,2013年6月底,美国总统奥巴马曾访问非洲,这是奥巴马第二届总统任期以来首次造访非洲,也是这位美国历史上首位非洲裔总统时隔近四年再次踏上这片土地。实际上,与其说非洲在期待奥巴马给予的发展机会,不如说他们在追求适合非洲的领导能力。这是这块古老土地强烈的方向性问题。继“非洲之子”纳尔逊-曼德拉之后,奥巴马似乎恰好满足了这一领导能力角色的双重需要。

因而,这两人的领导能力问题自然备受瞩目。不过,上述访问恰逢曼德拉病危之际。舆论所关注的双方会晤并未实现。

两人在领导能力方面有何异同?有何值得借鉴之处?在此,我们特刊发《哈佛商业评论》英文版总编辑殷阿笛(AdiIgnatius)对《时代》总编辑、作家理查德-施腾格尔(RichardStengel),以及《纽约客》主编、普利策新闻奖得主、作家戴维。雷姆尼克(DavidRemnick)的访谈。

HBR:我们今天一起聊聊曼德拉和奥巴马的领导能力问题。理查德。施腾格尔撰写了《曼德拉之路》(Mandela'sway:FifteenLessonsonLife,Love,andCourage),戴维。雷姆尼克则撰写了《崛起的桥梁》(TheBridge:TheLifeandRiseofBarackObama)。请问,有些人真的会像曼德拉和奥巴马那样,天生就具有某种杰出的领导能力特征吗?比如说出众的领导能力?

理查德-施腾格尔:其实通常不是这样的,我认为领导能力的养成是一个结合的过程。不要忘了,曼德拉是极为特殊的个案,他的领导能力就是先天条件和后天经历的一个结合。曼德拉有642英尺高,宽厚的肩膀,魅力十足的笑容。然而,27年的牢狱生涯,某种意义上是锤炼他的熔炉。旷日持久的牢狱经历事实上塑造了他的性格,也塑造了他出狱之后我们所看到的诸多领袖特质。他的威严、他的宽恕、他的平凡等,他在狱中学到的一切都和他的性格天赋结合在一起。

HBR:成就曼德拉的这段经历非常重要。那奥巴马领导能力的考验是什么呢?他们有什么不同?

戴维-雷姆尼克:谈到入主白宫之前的经历,曼德拉的成就要远远大于奥巴马。某种意义上来讲,奥巴马并没有承受像曼德拉那样深重的苦难,但他却拥有与曼德拉类似的特征和气质。对奥巴马来说,第一次真正的考验是国家性的选举,但他并没有竞选总统,而是竞选了联邦参议员、努力进入国会。当他2004年竞选参议院议员时,已经和自己的对手一样强大了,并且由于天时地利人和,奥巴马完胜。

所以我们说到奥巴马的故事,难免会讲到他的好运气,他这一路走得真是相当地顺风顺水。而曼德拉是经过了27年狱中生涯之后才成为如此杰出的领袖的。不过,不管怎么说,在许多方面,奥巴马似乎都是下一个曼德拉。

当奥巴马真正参与总统选举时,他所表现出来的重要领导能力、自我控制的能力、才智、冷静、举手投足的流畅等,都令他的竞选对手相形见绌。这是他的制胜之道。

HBR:通常说,领袖真正的领导能力不仅仅作用于人们的大脑,而且还作用于人们的内心。

理查德-施腾格尔:曼德拉总是说,作为领导,他必须同时影响人们的想法和情感。在曼德拉和奥巴马之间有很多相似之处。奥巴马的出众之处曼德拉也有。但曼德拉的领袖风采是经过了漫长的27年牢狱之灾历练出来的。

事实上,他在监狱中感悟良多,其中一点是:他意识到他在做一件前所未有的大事。他要通过影响人们的头脑和情感,把非洲联合起来,他要领导白人和黑人,让非洲黑人和欧洲血统的非洲人融为一体。他必须理解欧洲血统的南非人。他在监狱里就开始试图理解他们的想法,学习他们的文化和历史,拉近与他们的距离。他还尽可能多地了解关于橄榄球的知识,因为这是白人非常喜爱的运动,就像电影《成事在人》(Invictus)所描述的那样。对奥巴马来说,他需要去做的不仅仅是影响白人的头脑,还要影响白人的内心。当曼德拉这么做的时候,他传递了调和的力量。他会说,我宽恕你,回溯过去所发生的一切,是那个时代把我们分开了,但把我们联合起来的力量远比分散我们的力量更强大。

我想曼德拉在领导能力方面最大的贡献之一,就是无数人都讲道的那一点:从来没有见到过曼德拉不满、愤怒、发火的样子。我可以说他真的会怒发冲冠,但他知道他不可以表现出来,他不能发泄出来。他应该有一种慷慨、宽恕、调和而不是激进的行为方式。他内心有着巨大的创伤,但他却绝不能以创伤示人。这也对他的领导能力带来了一定影响。他说,我不能这么做,我还没有实现民族的彼此妥协、我还没有实现非洲民族的和解,所以这一切的苦痛我都不能让任何人看到。他不仅这样说了,而且也做到了。

HBR:这些领导能力都非常有主见、严于律己,但我想他们的领导能力中是否有一部分是具有领导能力艺术性的,涉及到舞台、诗文、歌剧等诸如此类的因素存在?领导能力艺术性的成分和其他部分是迥然不同的。曼德拉领导能力看起来很明白这一点。

理查德-施腾格尔:我实际上专门花了一章写到这些,比如说,曼德拉对于着装的重视。注意服饰仪容的确有好处。某种意义上来讲,服装会帮助你融入自己的角色,让你很容易成为你想成为的人。他非常注意每次出行究竟穿什么,因为他希望代表人们所想的形象,成为人们所期望他成为的样子。

在20世纪50年代的南非,他是一个年轻的黑人律师。他总是非常认真地穿上西服三件套。因为别忘了,他受教育的时候是被当作下等人来对待的。他希望成为着装所代表的一类领导能力人,能够得到人们的认可。

曼德拉多次对领导能力的艺术性表现了出众的天赋。我曾经和他一同旅行。他总是坐在他那辆宝马的后座上。直到人群都准备好欢迎他了、电视台等媒体都到位了,他才极为精准地把握好这一时刻走出车门。我反倒是常常急着说:“来吧,我们出去吧”。但他一直镇静地坐着,非常胸有成竹。他对戏剧表演、舞台有一种真正的直觉。的确,艺术性的成分对领袖领导能力真的非常重要,尤其是对政治领袖领导能力而言。

HBR:对领导者的领导能力而言,确定性和灵活性,哪个更重要呢?

理查德-施腾格尔:我不得不说是灵活性。曼德拉在这一点做得非常好。我为他写自传的时候,总是和他一起工作。我采访他的时候,我也会像你今天这样准备一堆问题。

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