第一篇:奥巴马a-more-perfect-union中文
“我们合众国的人民,为了建立更加完善的联邦„„
221年前,在对面街角那座至今仍旧巍然挺立的大厅中,美国自由的先驱聚集在一起,用简单的语词,启动了在当时看来不可能完成的民主试验。这些为逃避暴虐与压迫而远涉重洋来 到北美大陆的农场主、学者、政治家和爱国者终于在1787年春天的费城会议上将独立从宣言变为现实。
这份文件最终签署,但事实上从未完成,它沾上了这个国家奴隶制的原罪。在那个不得不妥协的(是否保留奴隶制)的问题上各殖民地莫衷一是,将整个会议引入夭折的泥潭。联邦的创建者们选择将这个问题留给后人来解决,一个至少允许奴隶制存在20年的妥协不想一直延续了220多年。从一开始,奴隶制问题的答案就已深埋于宪法之中了――我们宪法的核心就是法律之下的平等理想,它保证其人民自由、公正,以及能够并且应该随着时间而不断趋向完善的联邦。但是,羊皮纸上的词句却不曾让奴隶们挣脱束缚,完整地赋予各种肤色、各种信仰的人们作为合众国公民的权利和义务。还需要一代接一代的仁人志士用大街小巷的奔走抗议、用法庭上的据理力争,甚至诉诸于战争与对抗,冒着巨大的风险――去缩小承诺与现实的差距。从一开始我们就将建国先父们的美好愿望融入到了这次竞选之中――继续前人的长征,继续这个旨在建立更加公正、平等、自由、博爱、繁荣美利坚的长征。我选择在这样的历史时刻竞选总统,因为我坚信,除非我们能将这个时代的问题一起解决,除非我们能完善这个联邦,否则美国将寸步难行。必须认识到:生活的故事可能不尽相同,但是希望只有一个;来自五湖四海、有着不同的相貌与肤色的我们都朝着同一个方向,那就是子孙们更好的未来。这一信念来自我对美国人民高尚与宽容的不可动摇的信念,也来自于我自己的美国故事。我的父亲是肯尼亚黑人,母亲是堪萨斯白人,从小在外祖父和外祖母的抚养下长大。外祖父经历过大萧条、打过二战,有幸曾在巴顿将军的队伍里服役,外祖母则在里文沃斯堡的一个炮弹生产线上工作,他们都是对美国有贡献和最深感受的人。我既接受过美国的精英教育,也在世界上最贫困的国家生活过,最后与一个奴隶和奴隶主的后代结合,把这条传奇血脉传给了我们两个宝贝女儿。我的兄弟姐妹遍及世界三个大洲,他们肤色各异、种族不同。在地球上,我的故事是唯一的。
这段唯一的故事把我和其他的候选人区别开来,也在我的心中烙下了对这个国家最基本的理解——“合众为一”。这场竞选的第一年里,所有相反的预测被美国人民对于这种团结的渴望所超越。尽管有人试图通过种族的有色眼镜来歪曲这次竞选,在这个国家白人州里所取得的压倒性胜利让所有质疑变得苍白无力。在那邦联旗帜永屹的南卡罗来纳州,黑人和白人联合起来,一起站在我的 身后摇旗呐喊。
肤色分歧在投票中的弥合并不意味着种族问题不再是这次竞选的一个议题。在整个竞选过程中,一直都有评论者说我“太黑”或“不够黑”。种族问题的泡泡在南卡罗来纳州初选的前一周浮到了表面。新闻界哪会放过任何一片关于种族问题的腐肉,初选过后的残羹冷炙中,他们费心地搜寻者黑人和白人之间,甚至黑人和其它人种之间的罅隙。但是,直到最近几个星期,有关种族的讨论才变得特别尖锐和具有攻击性。汹涌而来的各种极端指责不过传达了一个声音,即我迄今为止在竞选中所获得的一切都不过是一种安抚,不过是自由派廉价求购种族调和表象的伎俩。在另一极端,我原来的牧师耶利米•耐特(Jeremiah Wright)则使用更具煽动性和攻击性的语言来表达自己的立场;这些语言不仅有加深种族矛盾的倾向,还侮辱了这个国家的伟大和善良,没有一个种族可以独善其身。
我明确地谴责了耐特这些引发了巨大争议的言论。然而,不管我怎么表述,一些人仍不满足。我是否知道他有抨击美国内政和外交政策的记录?知道。我以前坐在教堂里时有没有听到过他发表争议性的讲话?有。我是不是从一开始就和他的政治观点保持距离?当然——你们中的许多人肯定都曾从牧师、神父或拉比那里听过不可苟同的言论,我想它们的道理是一样的。然而,这些引发铺天盖地争论的言论不仅仅是观点不同那么简单,也不仅仅是一个宗教领袖走火入魔的自弹自唱,而是将这个国家彻底地、极度地扭曲——这种看法认为白人种族主义根深蒂固,把美国所有问题的根节置诸于这个伟大国家的种种优点之上;它还认为中东冲突的症结在于我们坚定盟友以色列的胡作非为,而非源自伊斯兰极端主义充满仇恨的意识形态。
耐特充满了种族怨怒的语言不仅是错误的,而且是极端的,这个时候我们需要的是团结,是大家走到一起解决重大问题的勇气,我们面临的困难太多:两场战争、恐怖主义威胁、摇摇欲坠的经济、旷日持久的医保危机以及灾难性的气候变化;这些问题不是黑人、白人、拉美裔人或者亚裔人哪一群人所要面对的,也不是哪一群人能独自解决的,是我们必须共同面对的。
由于我个人背景、政治经历、价值观和理想的缘故,不论我怎么谴责耐特,总会有人不依不饶,对他们来说发表声明予以谴责是远远不够的。他们的问题几乎是一样的,为什么我会和如此极端一个人做了这么多年朋友?为什么我不加入另一个教会?坦白讲,你们可能是对的,如果我对耐特牧师的全部了解仅限于那些在电视和YouTube 上循环播放的布道片断,如果三一联合基督教堂仅仅是某些评论者所恶意歪曲的那般模样的话。然而,能够最终抓住机会成就自己美国梦的黑人毕竟只是少数,他们中仍然有许多人无法实现自己的梦想——以这样或那样的方式屈服于种族歧视的梦魇。这种挫败感遗传到了他们的下一代那里——年轻的黑人男子和越来越多的青年女子闲站街角,无所事事,或者是慵懒地躺在监狱里,对未来不抱任何期望和期待。即便对那些实现了自己梦想的人来说,种族和种族问题一直都是他们世界观的基本来源。在与耐特同时代的男男女女脑海里,羞辱、怀疑和恐惧的记忆从来都挥之不去,愤怒和痛苦更难忘怀。这些愤怒也许不会在公开的场合表达出来,不会在白人同事或朋友的面前表达出来。但是一旦到了相对私人的空间,比如茶前饭后、理发店里,这些情感就有了倾诉的场合。曾几何时,这些黑人的愤怒被政客们所利用,用种族主义划线捞取选票,或是为其个人的失误文过饰非。
我们有时也会在周日教堂的讲台或是条椅上听到类似的情感表达。许多人都对耐特布道中的激烈言辞感到震惊,但是这不过再次证明了一个事实,那就是在美国,周日早上的这段教堂的祷告时间,种族隔离问题最为激化。这种发泄其实没有任何实际意义,相反,常常影响我们对实际问题的解决。它让我们无法看清自己也应对此现状负责,让非裔美国人的社区难以联合起来做出什么实际的改变。但是我要说,这种愤怒是真实而强烈的,仅仅希望它自行消失,或是不加思索地进行抨击,往往只能让两个种族之间误解的鸿沟越拉越大。事实上,白人社区中也存在着与此相同的情绪。美国劳工阶层和中产阶级中的很多人都觉得自己没有从种族中占到什么便宜。这些人多为移民——在他们看来,自己完全就是白手起家,没有拿过谁的好处受过谁的恩惠。他们勤勤恳恳、任劳任怨,但最终却眼睁睁地看着自己的工作机会被转向国外,眼睁睁地看着自己一生积攒下来的退休金缩水。他们对自己的未来感到焦虑,感觉自己距离梦想已经渐行渐远。在工资不变、国际竞争加剧的情况下,所谓机会实则成为了一个零和博弈,你的成功必定要以我的失败为代价。所以,当他们被告之自己的孩子得坐公交车去上学,当他们听说非裔美国人由于那些并非他们犯下的历史过错在找工作或教育方面享受了什么优惠政策,当他们对社区犯罪活动的担忧被视为带有种族偏见的时候,胸中怨恨自然无处消解。和黑人社区的情况类似,这些愤怒绝少会在温和的日常交往中表现出来。但是它所塑造的政治景观影响了至少整整一代美国人。对福利和“反歧视行动(Affirmative Action)”的不满催生出了“里根联盟(Reagan Coalition)”。政客们没完没了地拿自己选区内的犯罪率和人们因此产生的焦虑做文章、捞选票。脱口秀主持人和保守的时政评论员醉心于指责种族主义的言论多么荒唐,将关于种族不公正和不平等的合理讨论归于简单的政治意趣或是种族主义的另一种表现。
和黑人们的情感宣泄常常带来消极作用一样,白人们的愤怒常常让他们忽略了压榨中产阶级的罪魁祸首——充斥着肮脏内幕交易、问题重重的会计活动、短视贪婪逐利行为的公司文化;被游说者和有特别利益诉求的人占领的华盛顿以及偏向少数利益群体的经济政策。不去寻找他们愤怒的理由,反而希望这些问题能够不治自愈,或是单纯地把这些人归作被误导者或是 种族激进分子,同样会加剧种族矛盾,阻碍种族之间的理解与和解。
这就是我们现在的处境。我们深陷种族主义的泥潭已有多时。与那些批评我的人,不论黑人白人,所持观点刚好相反,我从未天真地以为种族问题的隔阂能够因为一次选举而药到病除,更非一次参选能够明显改善,而且我也不是一个完美的参选者。
但是我已经坚定了自己的信念——这个信念植根于我对上帝的信仰和对美国人民的信仰——携起手来我们才能治愈种族主义的顽疾,事实上,如果希望在建立一个更加完善联邦的路上越走越远,我们别无选择。对黑人社区来说,这条道路意味着勇敢地接过历史的包袱而不被历史所荼毒;意味着继续在社会的各个方面为正义而奔走疾呼;但是,这同样意味着我们必须把自己的诉求——诸如更好的医疗、更好的教育、更好的工作——与全体美国人联系在一起——立志打破玻璃天花板的白人妇女、失业的白人男子以及为家庭而打拼的移民;意味着我们要为自己的生活负责——以更高的要求衡量我们的父亲,花更多的时间陪孩子,给他们读书,教他们如何处理可能发生在他们身上的种族歧视,告诉他们无论如何也不要自暴自弃或愤世嫉俗,要让他们坚信命运就在自己的手中。
充满讽刺意味的是,这种经典而保守的美国式信条,自力更生的论调,常常出现在耐特的布道之中。但是耐特忽略了一点,所谓的自力更生必然建立在对社会的信任之上,相信这个社会是可以改变的。
耐特的布道最深层次错误并不在于他公开谈论种族问题,而是在于在他将我们的社会看做一尘不变,仿佛这么多年一点进步也没有;即便这个国家已经接纳了他的教众去竞选国家的最高公职,去建立黑人与白人、拉美裔与亚裔、富人与穷人、年轻人与老人的联盟,他仍然觉得这个社会不会改变。然而,所见所闻所知明白无误的告诉我们,美国可以改变。这是这个国家真正的天才之处。这一切的改变给予我们希望——无畏的希望——它为我们的将来指明方向。
对于白人来说,通向更完善联邦的道路意味着需要承认非裔美国人所面临的痛苦并非仅仅只存在于黑人的心中。种族歧视的历史是真实的,种族其实的现状,虽不及过去严重,但也依然存在,是需要着手解决的。解决不能仅仅停留在口头上,而应有实际的行动——包括加大对学校和社区的投入;严格执行人权法案,保证刑事司法体系公平;为这一代人提供前几代人没有的向上发展的阶梯。需要让所有美国人意识到,别人梦想的实现并不会以你的失败为代价;在健康、福利以及惠及多种族孩子的教育上所投入的每一分钱最终都将促进美国的繁荣昌盛。
事实上,我们所呼吁的刚好与这个世界宏伟的宗教理念相契合——将欲取之,必先与之。圣经教导我们:让我们成为兄弟的守护者。那么就让我们成为兄弟姐妹的守护者,让我们通过政治途径来谋求彼此共同的利益。
在这样的国家中我们总是面临选择。我们可以接受助长分裂、冲突和愤世嫉俗的政治。我们可以把种族问题导演成闹剧——就好像我们在辛普森案中所做的那样;或者亡羊补牢,悲剧发生之后再图补救,比如卡特里娜飓风之后;又或将种族问题交付给晚间新闻,任它如何纷说。我们可以在每个频道反复播放耐特的言论,没日没夜地放,一直放到大选,将这次竞选演变为一个单一话题,即美国人到底是否认为我会在一定程度上同意耐特的激烈言辞。我们可以抓住希拉里的某些不恰当言论大书特书,指责她在玩弄种族牌。我们尽可以盲目地认为白人男性选民最终都将把票投给约翰•麦凯恩,不管他的政策如何。我们可以那么做。
但是如果我们做了,我可以告诉你,在下次选举中,类似的话题依然会被提起,一次一个,一个接一个。最终什么都不会改变。
当然,那只是我们的其中一个选项。又或许我们能就此携起手来,齐声高呼,“再也不能这样了。”我们这次得谈谈那些盗取黑人孩子、白人孩子、亚裔孩子、西班牙语裔孩子和土著孩子未来的日渐破落的学校。这次我们得放下厌世自大的情绪,抛弃那种认为这些孩子不可教或者这些和我们长相不同的孩子是别人的问题的想法。美国的孩子不是别人的孩子,他们是我们所有人的孩子,不能让他们在21世纪的竞争中落后。这一次,再也不能这样了。这次我们得谈谈医院急诊室的门外为何站满了没有医疗保险的白人、黑人和拉美裔。也许仅凭他们自己还无法和华盛顿的特殊利益群体抗衡,但是如果我们大家能挽起手来,定能较量一番。
这次我们得谈谈那些破败的工厂,曾几何时,这里曾经为各个种族的男女工人提供体面的生活;这次我们得谈谈那些抵押待售的房屋,曾几何时,它们属于各个宗教、各个地区、各种职业的美国人。我们得谈谈一个基本的事实,并不是那些和你相貌不同的人可能抢走你的饭碗,而是你所工作的公司正在将这些工作机会拱手让人,为的仅仅是利润而已。这次我们得谈谈那些肤色不同、信仰各异的男男女女,他们在同一面骄傲的旗帜下一起服役、一起战斗、一起流血。我们得谈谈怎样把他们从这场本不应该发动,更不应该继续的战争中安全地送回。我们得谈谈怎样通过对他们以及他们家庭的关爱,怎样通过给予他们应得的回报来体现我们的爱国主义。
如非坚信这是大多数美国人民的心愿,我将不会参加这次总统竞选。这个联邦也许永远都不会完美,但是一代又一代的经验告诉我们,总有机会让它变得更好。每当我自己对这种可能性表示怀疑和厌倦的时候,美国的下一代给了我最多的希望——这些年轻人的态度、信仰和对变革的包容已经在这次选举中创造了历史。
今天,我有一个特别的故事想带给大家——马丁•路德•金博士诞辰那天我有幸在他的教堂,亚特兰大的埃本内泽浸礼会教堂(Ebenezer Baptist)讲述同一个故事。有个二十三岁的年轻白人妇女名叫阿什利•拜亚(Ashley Baia),她在南卡罗来纳州的佛罗伦斯(Florence)为我组织竞选活动。这次竞选甫一开始,她大部分时间都扑在黑人社区里,有一天她参加了一个圆桌讨论会,大家围坐在一起聊自己为什么会到那儿去。
阿什利说,她九岁那年妈妈得了癌症。由于没法继续上班,她被解雇了,医疗保险也没了,一家只能申请破产。阿什利决定得为妈妈做点什么。她知道食物是全家最大的开销,于是阿什利让妈妈相信自己真的很喜欢吃泡菜三明治蘸芥末酱。因为这样吃最便宜。
就这么,阿什利吃了一年,直到妈妈病情有所好转。她告诉所有参加讨论会的人之所以加入助选活动是因为她能通过这种方式让成千上万想为父母做点事、帮点忙的孩子提供帮助。阿什利本可能有其它的选择。也许一直都有人告诉她,母亲的之所以这样是因为那些懒惰的黑人躺在福利制度上睡大觉,或者告诉她这一切都是因为拉美裔的非法移民。但是阿什利并没有听信这些,她选择与大家联合起来,对抗不公平。
阿什利讲完自己的故事之后挨个儿问房间里的其他人为什么会支持这次竞选。每个人都有自己的故事和理由,有的理由很具体。最后轮到一位年长的黑人男子,他自始至终都没怎么说过话。阿什利问他为什么来这儿。他没有重复刚刚大家说过的那些理由。他没有说医保或者经济,他没有说教育或者伊战,他也没有说去那儿是为了奥巴马。他对每一个在场的人说,“我来是因为阿什利。” “我来是因为阿什利。”仅就这句话来讲,一个年轻白人小姑娘和一个年长黑人男子达成的共识并不足以改变什么,不能给生病的人送去关爱,不能帮失业的人找到工作,不能为孩子们提供更好的教育。
但是这是我们的新起点,我们的联邦将从此开始变得强大。正如221年前,一群爱国者在费 城签署了那份文件后,一代又一代的美国人意识到的那样,这,就是完善的起点。
第二篇:奥巴马中文讲稿
你们好。能够有机会在上海跟你们大家交谈,我深感荣幸。我要感谢复旦大学的杨校长,感谢他的款待和热情的欢迎。我还要感谢我们出色的大使洪博培,他代表了我们两国之间的深远联系和相互尊重。我不知道他刚才说什么,但是希望他说得不错。(笑声)
我今天准备先做一个开场白,但我真正希望做的是回答问题,不但回答在座的学生提出的问题,同时也回答从网上提出的一些问题,这些问题由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提出。很抱歉,我的中文不如你们的英文,但我期待着这个和你们对话的机会。
这是我首次访问中国,看到你们壮丽的国家,我感到很兴奋。在上海,我们看到了全球瞩目的发展——高耸的大厦、繁忙的街道和如火如荼的商业活动。中国迈向21世纪的这些景象给我留下了深刻印象。同时,我也期盼看到向我们展现中国悠久历史的古迹。明天和后天我会在北京,希望有机会看到壮观的故宫和被誉为“奇迹”的长城。的确,这是一个既有丰富的历史,又对未来的希望充满信心的国家。
我们两国的关系也是如此。毫无疑问,上海在美中关系史上是一个具有重大意义的城市。正是在这里,37年前发布的《上海公报》(Shanghai Communique)开启了我们两国政府和两国人民接触交往的新篇章。然而,美国与这个城市以及这个国家的纽带可以追溯到更久远的过去,直至美国独立初期。
1784年,我们的建国之父乔治·华盛顿派遣“中国女皇号”(Empress of China)驶往中国海岸,寻求与清朝通商。华盛顿希望看到这条悬挂美国国旗的船前往世界各地,与像中国这样的国家建立新的关系。这是美国人一贯的愿望——希望与新的国家建立新的、互利的伙伴关系。
在此后的两个世纪中,历史洪流使我们两国关系向许多不同的方向发展,但即使在动荡的岁月中,两国人民也抓住机会发展了深入的、甚至极不平凡的关系。例如,美国人民永远不会忘记,二战期间,美国飞行员在中国上空被击落后,中国公民冒着失去一切的危险护理他们。参加过二战的中国老兵仍然热情欢迎故地重游的美国老兵,他们曾经在那里作战,帮助中国从殖民统治下获得解放。
近40年前,一个小小的乒乓球带来了两国关系的解冻,使我们两国建立起另一种联系。这种方式令人意外,但却恰恰促成了其成功,因为尽管我们之间存在许多分歧,但是我们共同的人性和共同的好奇心得以从中显现。正如一位美国乒乓球队员在回忆对中国的访问时所说:“那里的人民和我们一样……这个国家和美国有许多相似之处,也有很大区别。” 无须赘言,这个小小的契机带来了《上海公报》的问世,并最终促使美中两国在1979年建立正式外交关系。请看在此后的30年,我们取得了多么长足的进展。1979年,美中贸易额约为50亿美元,今天,贸易额已经超过4000亿美元。贸易在许多方面影响着两国人民的生活,美国电脑中的许多元件以及我们所穿的衣服都是从中国进口的,我们向中国出口你们的工业需要的机器。这种贸易可以在太平洋两岸创造更多的就业机会,让我们的人民过上质量更高的生活。随着需求趋于平衡,双方的贸易能够让两国的经济更为繁荣。
1979年,美中之间的政治合作主要立足于双方共同面对的竞争对手苏联。如今我们享有积极的、建设性的、全面的关系,为我们在当今时代的关键性全球问题上建立伙伴
关系打开了大门,这些问题包括:经济复苏和清洁能源开发、制止核武器扩散和气候变化的影响、在亚洲及全球各地促进和平与安全。所有这些问题都是我明天与胡主席会谈的内容。
1979年,我们两国人民的联系十分有限。今天,我们看到当年乒乓球队员的好奇心已经化为许多领域的纽带,中国留学生在美国的人数名列第二,而在美国学生中,学中文的人数增加了50%。我们两国有近200个友好城市,把我们的社区连接在一起。美中科学家合作开展新的研究与探索。当然,姚明只是我们两国人民共同热爱篮球的其中一个标志——遗憾的是,此行我不能观看上海大鲨鱼队的比赛。
我们两国之间的关系相伴着一个积极变化的时期,这不是偶然的。中国实现了亿万人民脱贫,这一成就史无前例,同时,中国在全球问题中也在发挥更大的作用。美国在促使冷战顺利结束的同时,也取得了经济发展,人民的生活水平得到提高。
中国有句名言:“温故而知新。”当然,过去30年中我们也曾遇到挫折和挑战,我们的关系不是没有分歧和困难。但是,“我们必然是对手”的概念并非是注定不变的——回顾过去不会是这样。由于我们的合作,美中两国都更加繁荣、更加安全。我们已经看到我们本着共同的利益和相互的尊重去努力所能取得的成果。
可是,这种接触的成功取决于理解,取决于继续进行开诚布公的对话,相互了解,相互学习。正如前面提到的那位美国乒乓球队员所说——作为人,我们有着许多共同之处,但是我们两国在某些方面存在着差别。
我认为每个国家都必须规划自己的前进方向。中国是一个文明古国,文化深远。而美国相对而言是一个年轻的国家,它的文化由来自许多不同国家的移民以及指导我国民主制度的建国纲领所形成。这些纲领中提出了对人类事务的简单明了的瞩望,并包含了一些核心原则——不论男女人人生而平等,都享有某些基本权利;政府应当反映民意,并对人民的愿望作出回应;商贸应该是开放的,信息应该自由流通;司法保障应该来自法治而不是人治。
当然,我国的历史也并非没有困难的篇章。在很多方面,在很长的时间里,我们要通过斗争去实现这些原则对全体人民的承诺,缔造一个更趋完善的联邦。我们曾打过一场很痛苦的南北战争,将我国的一部分人口从奴役下解放出来。妇女获得投票权、劳工赢得组织权、来自世界各地的移民得到完全的接纳——这些都是经过了一段时间才实现的。非洲裔美国人即使在获得自由后依然生活在被隔离和不平等的条件下,他们经过不懈努力才最终赢得全面、平等的权利。
所有这些都不曾轻而易举。但是,由于我们对这些核心原则的坚定信念,我们取得了进步,这些原则指引我们冲过了最黑暗的风暴。这就是为什么林肯能在南北战争中挺身而出并宣布,这是一场考验一个孕育于自由之中、“忠实于人人生而平等这一原则”的国家能否永存的斗争。这也就是为什么马丁·路德·金博士能够站立在林肯纪念堂的台阶上,要求我们的国家实践自身信仰的真正含义。这也就是为什么来自从中国到肯尼亚的各国移民能够在我国的土地上安家;为什么所有努力寻求机会的人都能获得机会;为什么像我这种在不到50年前在美国的某些地方连投票都遇到困难的人,现在能够出任这个国家的总统。
这就是为什么美国一直在全世界为这些核心原则而大声疾呼。我们不寻求把任何政治体制强加给任何别的国家,但是我们也不认为我们主张的这些原则是我们国家所独有的。表达自由和宗教信仰自由——获得信息和政治参与的自由——我们认为这些自由都是普世的权利,所有人都应当享有,包括少数民族和宗教少数派,不管是在美国、中国还是在任何其他国家。正是对普世权利的尊重指导着美国向其他国家开放,尊重各种不同的文化,致力于遵守国际法,并对未来抱有信念。
这些都是你们应当了解的美国的情况。我也知道中国有很多有待我们了解的情况。环顾一下这座伟大的城市——环顾一下这个大厅——我确信我们两个国家有一个很重要的共同点,那就是我们对未来的信念。美国和中国都不想满足于已取得的成就,止步不前。虽然中国是一个古老的国家,但你们显然也对未来满怀信心、雄心和使年轻一代能比这一代人更有作为的决心。
我们不但钦佩中国日益增长的经济,还赞赏你们在科学研究方面极不平凡的努力——从你们建设的基础设施到你们使用的技术,均体现出这种努力。中国现在是世界上最大的互联网使用国——这也是我们今天很高兴能把互联网作为此次活动的一部分的原因。这个国家目前拥有世界上最大的移动电话网络,它正在投资发展既能维持可持续增长,又能应对气候变化的新型能源——我期待着明天在这个至关重要的领域中深化两国的合作关系。然而,最重要的是,我在你们身上看到了中国的未来——年轻一代的聪明才智、献身精神和梦想将为塑造21世纪发挥巨大作用。
我已说过多次,我相信我们现在的世界是紧密相连的。我们所做的工作,我们所建设的繁荣,我们所保护的环境,以及我们所寻求的安全——所有这一切都是共有的。鉴于这种相互联系,在21世纪,权力不应再成为一场零和游戏;一国的成功发展不应以他国为代价。这也就是为什么美国坚决表示我们不谋求遏制中国的崛起。恰恰相反,我们欢迎中国成为国际社会中一个强大、繁荣、成功的成员——一个从你们这样的每个中国人的权利、实力和创造力中获得力量的中国。
回到前面提到的那句古语——回顾过去。我们知道,大国之间选择合作而非对抗会带来更大的惠益。这是人类不断汲取的一个教训,我们两国的关系史中也不乏其例。我深信,合作必须不止于政府间的合作。合作必须植根于我们的人民——植根于我们共同进行的研究,我们的商贸活动,我们所学到的知识,乃至我们的体育运动。这些桥梁必须由你们这样的年轻人和美国的年轻人共同构筑。
因此,我高兴地宣布,美国准备将在中国留学的美国学生人数大幅度增加到10万人。这种交流是对在我们两国人民之间建立联系的明确承诺,毫无疑问,你们将帮助决定21世纪的命运。我完全相信,对美·来说,再好的使者莫过于我们的年轻人。因为他们和你们一样,才华横溢,充满活力,对有待书写的历史篇章充满乐观。
那么,就让这个举措成为我们稳步寻求合作的下一个步骤,这种合作有利于我们两国乃至整个世界。如果能从今天的对话中得到一点启示的话,我希望那就是致力于今后继续进行这种对话。
非常感谢诸位。现在我希望回答你们大家提出的一些问题。非常感谢。
第三篇:2015奥巴马国情咨文(中文)
2015年奥巴马国情咨文全文
2015-01-21 18:29
“危机的阴影已过去”
议长先生,副总统先生,国会议员们,美国同胞们:
我们进入这个新世纪已有15年了,恐怖主义15年前袭击了美国本土,新的一代随后进行了两场漫长、代价高昂的战争,严重的经济衰退袭击了美国和世界。对于许多人来说,过去15年曾是,现在仍是一个艰难时刻。
但是今晚,我们翻开了新的一页。
今晚,在美国经过突破性的一年后,我们的经济正在增长中,创造就业的速度是自1999年以来最快的。我们的失业率现在比金融危机爆发前还要低。我们孩子毕业的人数比任何时候都要多,享有医保民众的人数也比任何时候都要多,我们还打破了过去近三十年一直依赖外国石油的状态。
今晚,我们在阿富汗的作战任务已终结,这在“911”后还是首次。六年前,近18万美军士兵在伊拉克和阿富汗作战,今天,这一数字已降至不足15000人。我们向911一代的每位男女军人的勇气和牺牲致敬,他们服役以保护我们的安全。他们的服务使我们感到谦逊,我们感谢他们的服务。
美国同胞,为了我们所共同忍受的,为了重振所需要的努力和辛苦工作,为了前面的任务,我们应该明白:危机的阴影已过去,我们的国家现在很强大。
在此刻,由于经济在增长,赤字在缩小,各行业兴旺发展,能源生产蒸蒸日上,我们已从经济衰退中走出,能够比地球上的任何国家更加自由地书写我们自己的未来。现在是由我们来选择我们在未来15年和接下来的几十年成为什么样的国家。
我们将接受一个只有少数人发大财的经济?或者我们将投身于一个为作出努力的所有人创造不断增加的收入和机遇的经济?
我们在处理世界事务时是惧怕,被动地作出反应,卷入消耗我们军力和降低我们威望的代价高昂的冲突?或者是我们将进行明智的领导,用我们力量的所有要素来击败新的威胁,保护我们的星球?
我们是否将允许自己以派系归类,互相敌视?或者我们应重新找到推动美国向前的共同目标感?
我将在未来两周向这届国会提交一份非常具有可操作性想法而不是出于党派主义的预算案。我将在接下来的几个月走遍全国,向人们推销这些想法。
所以,今晚,我想更多地谈谈在我们面前的选择所涉及的价值观,而不是倡议清单。
“让所有人都为美国的成功作出贡献” pic 浏览原图
一些人起立鼓掌,不 过共和党人大多数时候都保持了沉默。
首先让我们谈谈经济。
七年前,明尼阿波利斯的瑞贝卡和本-艾勒是一对新婚夫妇。瑞贝卡是饭店服务员,艾勒在建筑工地上班,他们当时即将迎来第一个孩子杰克。他们很年轻,在美国相爱,没有什么比这更好的了。瑞贝卡去年春天写信给我称:“如果我们当时知道住房和建筑市场将发生什么就好了。”
随着危机恶化,本的生意逐步消失,他只能做他能找到的工作,即便这些工作让他花非常多的时间在路上。瑞贝卡办理了学生贷款,在社区大学上学,为一份新的职业生涯培训。他们为彼此牺牲。慢慢地,他们的努力得到了回报,他们买了首套房子,他们有了第二个儿子亨利。瑞贝卡找到了一份更好的工作,还加了薪。本也重返建筑业,每天晚上能回家吃晚餐。瑞贝卡写道:“这是令人惊奇的,你在被迫的情况下东山再起,我们是一个强有力的、关系密切的家庭,我们一起熬过了一段非常非常艰难的时刻。”
是的,我们是一个强有力的、关系密切的家庭,我们一起熬过了一段非常非常艰难的时刻。
美国同胞们,瑞贝卡和本的故事就是我们的故事,他们代表着那些努力工作,精打细算,作出牺牲,重新培训的数百万人。你们是我竞选总统职位的原因,你们是我六年前的那一天所想到的人们。在危机最黑暗的数个月里,当我站在国会山的台阶上,承诺我们将在一个新的基石上重建我们的经济。你们的努力和坚韧,使美国在危机过后更加强大成为可能。
我们认为,我们可以逆转劳务外包的势头,在美国创造新的就业岗位。过去五年,我们的公司创造了1100多万个新就业岗位。
我们认为,我们可以降低对外国石油的依赖,保护我们的星球。今天,美国在石油和天然气领域已是世界第一,美国在风能方面是世界第一。我们每三周产出的风能相当于我2008年全年的量。由于油价降低和更高的燃料标准,一个典型的美国家庭今年的加油费可以节省750美元。
我们认为,我们可以为我们的孩子对一个竞争性更强的世界作好准备。今天,我们年轻的学生在数学和阅读方面取得有史以来的最高分。我们中学毕业率创了新高,更多的美国人完成了大学学业。
我们认为,合理的规章将能够预防下一次危机,保护家庭免遭经济毁灭,鼓励公平的竞争。今天,我们有了新的经济救助措施,不再让纳税者掏钱。一个新的消费者监督机构可以保护我们免遭掠夺性借贷和滥发信用卡行为的伤害。仅仅在过去一年,近一千万没有医保的美国人终于获得了医保。
在我们采取每个步骤时,我们曾被警告:我们的目标被误导,或者过于雄心壮志,我们将破坏就业或使赤字大幅增长。但与这些观点相反的是,我们看到了过去十年最快的经济增长,我们的赤字减少了三分之二,股市市值翻了一倍,医疗通货膨胀率是过去50年来最低的。
所以,结论是清楚的,中产阶层经济学是奏效的,扩大机会是奏效的。这些政策将继续奏效,只要政治不要挡它们的道。我们不应该让政府关门或者财政关门来使经济放缓,或者让我们的经济面临风险。我们不应该夺走家庭的医疗保险而让家庭安全面临风险,我们也不应当取消华尔街的新规则或者重新开始移民议题上的争斗,我们已有解决移民问题的一个制度。如果有想做这些事情的法案被提交至我的办公桌上,我将会否决它们!
今天,由于经济在增长,经济的恢复正在影响越来越多的人。工资终于开始再度上涨。我们知道,更多的小企业雇主计划提高员工工资,比例是自2007年以来最大的。但这里有一件事,今晚在这里的我们需要把目光放得更远,不只是确保政府不会制止我们所取得的进展。我们需要做得更多,而不是但求无过。今晚,让我们一起采取更多措施,来恢复所有美国人努力工作和机会增加之间的联系。
因为,像瑞贝卡这样的家庭仍需要我们的帮助。她和本比任何时候都要努力工作,但不得不放弃休假和购买新车,以支付贷款和为退休存钱。杰克和亨利的基本儿童护理费用超出了房贷费用,几乎相当于明尼苏达州立大学一年的学费。与数百万努力工作的美国人一样,瑞贝卡并不是在讨要施舍,但她在要求我们找到更多帮助改善家庭生活的方法。
事实上,在美国的历史上,任何一个经济变革的时刻,美国都采取了大胆措施以适应新情况,以确保所有人都有公平的机会。我们制订了工人保护法,社保,医疗保险和医疗补助,以保护我们不受最严酷逆境的伤害。我们让我们的公民上学,使他们能够拥有基础设施和互联网,给予他们发展所需要的工具。
这就是中产阶级经济学的内涵所在:它给所有人以公平机会,他让所有人承担公平的负担,它让所有人按同样的规则行事。如此,这个国家的经济就会发展得最好。我们不只是想让所有人都能分享美国的成功,我们也想让所有人都为这一成功作出贡献。
中产阶级经济学:减税和技能培训 pic 浏览原图
后排左侧是副总统拜登,右侧是众院议长博纳,共和党人。
而在我们这个时代,中产阶级经济学都有哪些要求?
首先,中产阶级经济学意味着帮助工薪家庭在一个不断变化的世界里有更多安全感。这意味着帮助人们有能力支付儿童护理、大学、医保、住房、退休的费用。我的预算将解决上述所有议题,降低工薪家庭的税务负担,每年将数千美元送回他们的口袋。
我举个例子。在第二次世界大战期间,当像我祖父这样的男性去参战时,让像我祖母这样的女性加入劳工阶段伍是国家安全优先事务,所以美国提供了普遍性的托儿服务。而在今天的经济中,对于许多家庭来说,父母两人都上班在经济上是必要的,所以,我们比以往任何时候都需要可负担得起的高质量托儿服务。这不是说如果有托儿服务会很不错,而是一个必需品。现在是我们停止把托儿当作小事或者是女性议题的时候了,应当把它当作国家经济优先事务负责,它适用于我们所有人。这就是我为什么计划使更多的人能够享受高质量的托儿服务,对于所有有孩子的中产和低收入美国家庭,我们将创造更多的托儿名额,每名儿童每年可获得多达3000美元的新税收减免。
我再举一个例子,今天,美国是唯一一个不向我们员工保证带薪病假或产假的发达国家。4300万员工不能享受带薪病假。4300万人!想想吧,这迫使太多父母在工资和生病的孩子之间作出艰难选择。所以我将采取新措施,以帮助各州通过各自的带薪病假法案。带薪病假去年11月在数州的投票中获得通过,让我们在华盛顿就此进行投票。向我提交一份让美国的所有员工获得7天带薪病假的提案吧,这是一件正确的事情。
当然,没有什么能比更高的工资更有助于家庭收支平衡,这就是为什么这届国会仍需要通过一项确保男女同工同酬的法律。说真的,现在是2015年了,是时候了。我们仍需要确保员工获得他们所挣得的加班费。对于所有拒绝提高最低工资的国会议员们,我将说:如果你真的相信能够以不到15000美元一年的全职工作收入来养家,那么请试试吧。如果不行的话,请投票给数百万辛苦工作的美国人加薪。
当然,这些想法不会使所有人富有,或者缓解所有困难,这不是政府的工作。为了给工薪家庭一个公平的机会,我们需要更多的雇主不要只看到下个季度的收入报表,他们应当意识到投资于自己的员工符合美国的长远利益。我们仍需要强化而非弱化工会的法律,给美国工人发言权,托儿、带薪病假、同工同酬、降低房贷、更高的最低工资,这些想法将使数百万家庭发生有意义的变化。这是一个事实。这是人们将我们所有人,共和党人和民主党人送到华盛顿来的目的。
其次,为了确保人们将来继续挣更高的工资,我们将采取更多措施来帮助美国人升级他们的技能。
美国在20世纪崛起,因为我们使中学免费,让一代退伍士兵去读大学,培训世界上最好的劳工队伍。但是21世纪的经济最看重知识,我们需要采取更多措施。
至2020年之前,三个工作岗位中就有两个需要高等教育,三个工作岗位就有两个!但是,太多聪明向上的美国人由于大学费用高而不能接受他们所需要的教育。对于他们来说,这是不公正的。对于我们的未来,这是不明智的。
这就是我为什么将向国会提交一份大胆的新计划,将社区大学的费用降至零。
我们40%的大学生选择社区大学,一些学生是年轻人,刚刚起步,一些人年纪大一些,想寻找一份更好的工作。一些人是退伍士兵,一些人是试图重新过渡至就业市场的单亲父母。不管你是谁,我们的计划是让你可以在没有大量负债的情况下毕业,为新经济作好准备。请明白,你要努力争取这种待遇,你必须保持好的成绩,准时毕业。田纳西州(由共和党人领导)和芝加哥市(由民主党人领导)的经验都表明,免费社区大学是可能的。我想在美国各地传播这样的想法,在美国,两年制社区大学将像美国今天的中学那样是免费和普遍的。我想与本届国会合作,以确保那些承受着学生贷款负担的美国人可以降低他们月度支付额,以确保学生债务不会阻碍任何人的梦想。
由于副总统拜登为升级我们培训系统所作的杰出工作,我们正将社区大学与本地雇主联系起来,以训练从事编码、护理、机器人等高收入职业的人员。今晚,我也要求更多公司追随CVS和UPS这样公司的领导,提供更多的教育机会和带薪学徒岗位,这些机遇使员工有机会赢得更高收入的工作,即便他们没有受过高等教育。
随着新一代退伍士兵返家,我们欠他们实现美国梦的机遇,他们曾帮助保护美国梦。在确保所有退伍士兵享有最高质量护理方面,我们已经取得了非常大的进展,我们正大幅减少享受福利的等待时间,我们将使退伍士兵把他们的训练和经验转化成地方工作变得更容易。由米歇尔和拜登推动的全国活动“联手”,已帮助近70万退役士兵和军属获得新工作。对到美国的所有首席执行官,让我重申,如果你想请一位能完成任务的员工,请雇佣退伍士兵。新经济:自贸协定和科技进步 pic 浏览原图 奥巴马
最后,在我们更好培训我们工人的时候,我们需要新经济,不断创造出让我们的员工就业的高工资岗位。
自2010年以来,美国工人重返工作岗位的人数超过欧洲、日本和所有发达国家的总和。我们的制造业增加了近80万新工作岗位,我们一些曾重病缠身的行业,例如汽车业已走出困境。有数百万美国人从事的工作岗位在十年前或者二十年前是不存在的,在谷歌、eBay、特斯拉这样公司里。
所以,没有人能肯定地说哪个行业将创造未来的工作岗位,但我们知道,我们想让这些工作岗位留在美国。所以这就是中产阶级经济学的第三部分——在任何地点打造最具竞争能力的经济,同时公司也想在那些地点建立机构和雇佣员工。
21世纪的企业需要21世纪的基础设施-现代的港口、更坚固的桥梁、更快的火车、最快的互联网。民主党人和共和党人就此达成共识,所以让我们的视野超越一条石油管线。让我们通过一个两党支持的基础设施计划,这将每年创造比过去多30多倍的就业岗位,这将使美国未来数十年更加强大。
包括小企业在内,21世纪的企业需要向海外出售更多美国产品。今天,美国目前的贸易出口远超以往,出口商倾向支付员工更高的薪水。但就在我们说话时,中国希望在世界上发展最快的地区制定规则,这将置美国民众和经济于不利地位。我们为什么要让这种情况发生?我们应该来制定规则。我们应当使竞争能够公平进行,这就是我为什么请求两党给予我足够的权利,来促进与亚洲及欧洲展开新的自由公平的贸易关系,从而保护美国工人。
我是首个承认过去的贸易协议并不如人所愿的人。这就是为什么我们要追究那些打破规则、损害我们利益的国家。但全世界95%的顾客都不在美国,我们不能将这些机会拒之门外。过半的制造业管理者表示,他们正积极把工作机会从中国引回国内。让我们拿出更多理由,鼓励他们这样做。
21世纪的商业将依赖美国科学、技术、研究和发展。我想让这个消灭小儿麻痹症和为人类基因制图的国家领导医药新时代,在正确的时刻提供正确的治疗。对于那些患有囊肿性纤维化疾病的病人,这种方法逆转一度曾被认为是不可制止的疾病。今晚,我将推出新的精确医药倡议,以使我们能够更加接近治愈癌症和糖尿病这样的疾病,使我们所有人有机会获得个性化的信息,使我和我们的家人更加健康。
我想保护一个自由和开放的互联网,将其扩展至每间教室,每个社区,帮助人们建设最快的网络,以便让下一代的数字创新者和企业家能够有重新塑造世界的平台。
我想让美国人赢得创造新就业岗位的角逐——将太阳光转变成液体燃料,创造革命性的假体,这样为美国牺牲一条手臂的退役士兵就可以和他的孩子玩球。
我们要进军太阳系,不只是访问,而是在那里驻留。上个月,作为重组的太空项目的一部分,我们发射了新的航天器,这个太空项目将让美国宇航员登上火星。斯科特-克利将开始一年的太空驻留,祝你好运,机长,记得拍张照片。
现在,真相是,当涉及到基础设施和基础研究这样的议题时,我知道国会的两党议员都表示支持,两党成员都是这样告诉我的。我们经常遇到阻力的是如何为这些投资筹措资金。作为美国人,我们不在意支付公平的税负,只要其他人也是这样做的。但是在太长的时间里,游说者使我们的税法充斥着漏洞,一些同胞一分钱税都不交,而其他人则承担着全部税负。这些税法漏洞给超富阶层不必要的税收优惠,但拒绝给那些需要减负的中产家庭任何优惠。
今年,我们有机会改变这样的局面。让我们终结税法漏洞,停止奖赏那些把赢利留在海外的公司,而要奖励那些投资美国的公司。让我们用这些节省下来的钱来重建基础设施,使它对那些将工作岗位重新移回美国的公司更具吸引力。
让我们简化制度,让小型公司业主基于她的现实银行结单服税,而不是她能够支付的会计师的数量。让我们终结那些导致不平等现象的税法漏洞,这些漏洞使那些收入最高的1%人士能够避免就他们的财富纳税。我们可以用这些钱来帮助更多的家庭支付托儿费用,供他们的孩子上大学。我们需要一个真的能够帮助工薪美国人在新经济中大步前进的税法,我们可以一起实现这一目标。
帮助工薪家庭收入平衡,给他们在新经济中获得高收入工作所需要的工具。保持经济增长和竞争性的条件,这就是美国需要前进的方向。我认为这也是美国人希望前进的方向。这将使我们的经济在一年后,十五年后,甚至一个世纪后更加强大。
“俄罗斯已被孤立” pic 浏览原图 奥巴马和普京
当然,如果这个新世纪教会了我们一件事情的话,那就是我们不能把我们国内的工作与海外的挑战分割开来。
我作为总司令的首个责任是保护美国。为了做到这一点,问题不是美国是否将领导世界,问题是美国应如何领导世界。当我们仓促作出决策,就媒体的头条新闻作出反应,而不是用我们的头脑思考,当对挑战的第一个反应就是派兵时,我们就会面临卷入不必要冲突的风险,忽视我们需要一个更安全、更繁荣世界的更广泛战略。那是我们的敌人想让我们做的事情。
我相信一种更加明智的美国领导力。当我们将军事力量与强有力的外交活动相结合,当我们在联盟的框架下使用力量,当我们不让我们的恐惧使我们对新世界的机遇视而不见时,我们的领导能力是最出色的。这正是我们现在所做的事情,在全世界各地,这使局势发生了变化。
首先,我们与全球各地遭到恐怖分子袭击的人们站在一起,从巴基斯坦的一所学校至巴黎的街头。我们将继续抓捕恐怖分子,消灭他们的团伙。我们保留采取单边行动的权利,正如我就任以来一直坚持不懈地追捕那些对我们和我们的盟友构成直接威胁的恐怖分子。
与此同时,我们在过去13年也吸取了一些代价高昂的教训。
我们不再让美军士兵在阿富汗山谷巡逻,我们训练了阿富汗安全部队,阿安全部队现在已担负主要作战任务。我们支持了阿富汗的首个民主过渡,这使我们士兵的血没有白流。我们没有向海外派出大规模地面作战部队,我们转而与南亚、北非等国结成伙伴关系,使那些威胁美国的恐怖分子没有安全庇护所。在伊拉克和叙利亚,包括我们军力在内的美国领导能力正在制止“伊斯兰国”恐怖组织的推进。我们没有卷入中东地区的另一场地面战争,我们在领导一个包括阿拉伯国家的广泛联盟,来削弱并最终消灭这个恐怖组织。我们还支持了叙利亚的温和反对派,他们可以在这方面帮助我们。我们帮助了世界各地站出来抵制极端暴力主义意识形态的人们。这样的努力将需要时间,将需要关注,但我们将成功。今晚,我呼吁这届国会通过授权对“伊斯兰国”动武的决议案,以向世界表明我们在这个任务上是团结一致的。
第二,我们正在展现美国力量和外交能力的力量。我们捍卫了大国不能欺负小国的原则,我们反对俄罗斯的侵略,支持乌克兰的民主,向我们的北约盟国作出保证。去年,当我们和我们的盟友一起对俄罗斯采取制裁措施的艰难工作时,一些人称,普京的侵略表明他熟练地运用了战略和力量。但是,今天是强大的美国和它的盟国团结一致,而俄罗斯则被孤立,它的经济陷入困境。
这是美国如何领导的方式,不再是咆哮,而是通过持续的、坚定的决心。
在古巴,我们结束了一个早过了有效期的政策。当你所做的事情在过去五十年都未奏效,那么是尝试新东西的时候了。我们古巴政策的调整有可能终结我们这个半球不信任的遗产,去除对古巴采取限制措施的假借口,支持民主价值,向古巴人民伸去友谊之手。今年,国会应当开始终结贸易禁运的工作。正如教皇方济各所说的那样,外交活动是“小步骤”工作,这些小步骤加起来就是古巴未来的新希望。在多年的被关押后,艾伦-格罗斯获释,我们对此非常高兴。欢迎回家,艾伦。
就伊朗而言,我们的外交工作正在进行之中。我们制止了伊朗核项目的进展,减少了伊朗核材料的数量,这是我们十年来首次实现这样的成果。从现在至今年春天,我们有机会谈判达成一项能够阻止伊朗成为核武国家的全面协议,这将使美国和包括以色列在内的美国盟国获得安全,同时避免另一场中东冲突。没有人能够保证谈判将取得成功,我在阻止伊朗成为核武国家方面不排除任何选项,但本届国会通过的对伊朗新制裁措施,此时此刻只会使外交努力失败,它将使美国与其盟国疏远,使伊朗重启其核项目。这没有任何道理。这就是我为什么将否决威胁到伊朗核谈判的所有新制裁决案的原因,美国人民希望我们把战争作为最后选项,我想按这一明智的原则行事。
第三,我们将视野放在过去浪费我们精力的议题之外,以塑造即将到来的世界。
没有哪个外国国家,没有哪个黑客能够关闭我们的网络,盗窃我们的贸易机密或者侵犯美国家庭的隐私权,尤其是我们孩子的隐私权。我们将确保我们的政府整合情报以应对网络威胁,就像是我们在打击恐怖主义所做的那样。今晚,我呼吁本届国会最终通过我们需要的法案,以更好地应对不断变化的网络攻击、打击身份盗窃,保护我们孩子的信息。
如果我们不采取行动,我们将让我们的国家和经济易受攻击。如果我们采取措施,我们可以继续保护那些为全球各地人们带来数不清机遇的技术。
在西非,我们的军人,我们的科学家,我们的医生,我们的护士和医疗工作者正在逆转埃博拉疫情,挽救无数生命,制止疾病的蔓延。我对他们感到非常自豪,我就这届国会两党议员支持他们的努力表示感谢。但工作还没有完成,世界需要这个经验来构建更为有效的全球努力,以阻止未来疫情的蔓延,投资明智的发展成就,消除极端贫困。
在亚太,我们正使联盟现代化,同时确保其它国家按照规则行事,在贸易、解决海上争端、如何参与应对诸如核不扩散和救灾等共同的国际挑战方面。气候变化是未来几代人所面临的最严重威胁。
2014年是有史以来地球最热的一年。现在,一年并不构成趋势,但2014年是一个趋势,有史以来最热的15年里有14年是发生在本世界的头15年里。
我听到一些人说自己不是科学家,我们没有足够的信息来采取行动,他们是在试图躲避证据。好的,我也不是科学家。但是你知道吧,我认识美国宇航局、国家海洋和大气管理局、我们著名大学的许多非常好的科学家。世界上最好的科学家都告诉我们,我们的活动正在改变气候,如果我们不采取强有力的行动,我们将会继续看到海平面上升,更长和更热的热浪,危险的旱灾和洪水,可能引发大规模迁移、冲突的大规模破坏、全球各地的饥荒。五角大楼称,气候变化对我们的国家构成了现实威胁,我们应当就此采取相应的行动。
这就是为什么我们在过去六年采取了更多的应对气候变化的行动,使我们生产能源的方式到我们使用能源的方式。这就是我们为什么比历史上的任何一届政府拔出了更多公共土地和水源。这就是为什么我不会让这届国会通过逆转我们的努力来危及我们孩子健康的原因。我决心确保美国的领导能力推动国际行动。在北京,我们达成了历史性的声明,美国将削减碳污染的进度加倍,中国则首次承诺限制碳排放。由于世界上最大的两个经济体走到一体,其它国家将加快步伐,世界有望在今年达成一份保护地球的气候变化协议。
第四篇:奥巴马就职演讲稿(中文)
奥巴马就职演讲稿(中文)
你好,芝加哥:
美国是一个一切皆有可能的地方,如果还有人对这一点心存怀疑,如果还有人怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们时代是否还有活力,还有人怀疑我们民主制度的力量,那么,你们今晚正是对那些疑问作出了回答。
在学校和教堂周围所出现的前所未有的长队是答案,这个国家从未见过这么多的人前来投票,人们排三个、四个小时的队来进行有生以来的第一次投票,因为他们相信这一次将会不同,他们发出的声音可能就是那个差别。
这是一个年轻人和年老人、富人和穷人、民主党人和共和党人、黑人、白人、西班牙裔人、亚裔、印第安人、同性恋和异性恋、残障人士和健全人士所作出的回答。美国人向世界发出一个信息:我们从不只是一些个人的累加或者“红色州”和“蓝色州”的累加。
我们是,我们永远是美利坚合众国。
这是一个引导人们的答案,太多的人在很长的时间内给他们说这个答案,以至于他们对此持愤世疾俗的态度,对我们是否可以再一次把握历史的希望感到担心和怀疑。
已经过去了很长时间,但是今晚,由于我们今天在这场选举所采取的行动,在这个决定性的时候,变革来到了美国。
今晚早些时候,我接到来自参议员麦凯恩的一个特别有风度的电话。麦凯恩在这场选战中进行了长期和艰苦的努力,他为这个他所爱的国家战斗了更长的时间,作出了更艰苦的努力。他为美国承受了我们中的大多数人无法想像的牺牲。由于这位勇敢和无私领导人的服务,我们的生活变得更好。
我向他表示祝贺,我向佩林州长表示祝贺,向他们所取得的成果表示祝贺,我盼望与他们共事以继续这个国家在未来岁月的承诺。
我想感谢我在竞选旅程的伙伴,一位用心竞选的男士,一位为和他一起在斯克兰顿街头一同长大的男人和女子代言、经常坐火车回特拉华州的男士,美国当选副总统拜登。
如果没有我过去16年最好的朋友、我们家庭的中坚、我生命中的挚爱,我今天晚上不可能站在这里,美国下一位第一夫人米歇尔-奥巴马。
萨沙和马莉娅,我爱你们,我对你们的爱超出了你们的想象。你们已赢得了新的宠物狗,它将和我们一起前往新的白宫。
尽管她没能和我们在一起,但我知道,我的祖母和养大我的家人在看着我,我今晚很想念他们,我知道我欠他们的东西是无法计量的。我的妹妹马娅、我的姐姐奥玛,我其他的兄弟和姐妹,非常感谢你们对我的支持,我感谢他们。我的妹妹马娅、我的姐姐奥玛,我其他的兄弟和姐妹,非常感谢你们对我的支持,我感谢他们。
我的竞选经理大卫-普劳夫,这位竞选活动的无名英雄,他进行了最好的政治竞选活动,我认为这是美国历史上最棒的。
我的首席策略师大卫-艾克斯罗德,他一直是追随我的伙伴。你们组建了政治史但最重要的是,我永远不会忘记这场胜利真正属于谁,它属于你们,它属于你们。
我从来不是最有可能获得这一职务的候选人。我们刚开始并没有太多资金,也没有得到许多人的支持。我们的竞选活动并非始自华盛顿的大厅里,而是始
于得梅因、康科德、查尔斯顿这些地方的普通民众家中。那些辛勤工作的人们从自己微薄的储蓄中捐出5美元、10美元、20美元。
竞选活动因为年轻人的支持而越来越有声势,他们拒绝了他们那一代对政治不感兴趣的神话,他们离开家,从事那些薪水少而且辛苦的工作。
竞选活动的声势也来自那些已不再年轻的人们,他们冒着严寒酷暑,敲开陌生人的家门进行竞选宣传;竞选声势也源自数百万的美国民众,他们充当志愿者和组织者,他们证明了在两百多年以后,民有、民治、民享的政府并未从地球上消失。这是你们的胜利。
这是你们的胜利。
我知道你们的所做的一切并不只是为了赢得选举,我也知道你们做这一切并不是为了我。你们这样做是因为你们明白前面的任务有多么艰巨。即便我们今晚欢呼庆祝,我们也知道明天将面临我们一生之中最艰难的挑战——两场战争、一个面临危险的星球,一个世纪以来最严重的金融危机。
就在我们今晚站在这里的时刻,我们知道勇敢的美国士兵在伊拉克的沙漠里和阿富汗的群山中醒来,他们冒着生命危险来保护着我们的生命。仍有在孩子熟睡后仍难以入眠的父母,他们担心如何偿还按揭月供、付医药费或是存够钱让孩子上大学。
我们需要开发新的能源、创造新的工作岗位,我们需要修建新学校,应对众多威胁、修复与许多国家的盟友关系。
前方的道路将很漫长,我们攀登的脚步会很艰辛。我们可能无法在一年甚至一个任期内实现这些目标,但我从未像今晚这样满怀希望,我们将实现我们的目标。
我向你们承诺——我们作为一个整体将会达成目标。
我们会遭遇挫折和不成功的起步。我作为总统所做的每项决定或政策,会有许多人持有异议,我们也知道,政府不能解决所有问题。
但我将总是会向你们坦陈我们所面临的挑战。我会听取你们的意见,尤其是存在不同意见的时候。最重要的是,我会请求你们参与重建这个国家,以美国221年来从未改变的唯一方式-一砖一瓦、同心协力。
21个月前在寒冬所开始的一切不应当在今天这个秋夜结束。今天的选举胜利并不是我们所寻求的改变--这只是我们进行改变的机会。如果我们仍然按照过去的方式行事,我们所寻求的改变将不会发生。
没有你们,没有服务和牺牲的新精神,就不可能发生改变。
因此,让我们发扬新的爱国和负责精神,所有的人都下定决心参与其中,更加努力地工作,不仅是为自己而是为彼此。让我们记住这一点,如果说这场金融危机教会了我们什么东西的话,那就是我们不可能在金融以外的领域处于困境的同时拥有繁荣兴旺的华尔街。
在这个国家,我们患难与共。让我们抵制重走老路的诱惑,避免重新回到令美国政治长期深受毒害的党派纷争、小题大作、不成熟的表现。
让我们记住,是伊利诺伊州的一名男子首次将共和党的旗帜扛到了白宫。共和党是建立在自立、个人自由以及国家团结的价值观之上的。
这也是我们所有人共同的价值观。虽然民主党今天晚上赢得了巨大的胜利,但我们是以谦卑的态度和弥合阻碍我们进步的分歧的决心赢得这场胜利的。林肯在向远比我们眼下分歧更大的国家发表讲话时说,我们不是敌人,而是朋友……虽然激情可能会褪去,但这不会割断我们感情上的联系。
对于那些现在没有投票给我的美国人,我想说,我可能没有赢得你们的选票,但是我听到了你们的声音,我需要你们的帮助,而且我也将是你们的总统。对于那些彻夜关注美国大选的海外人士,从国会到皇宫,以及在被遗忘的角落里挤在收音机旁的人们,我们的经历虽然各有不同,但是我们的命运是一样的,新的美国领导层已产生了。
那些想要颠覆这个世界的人们,我们将击败你们。那些追求和平和安全的人们,我们支持你们。那些所有怀疑美国的灯塔能否能像以前一样明亮的人们,今天晚上我们再次证明,我们国家真正的力量并非来自我们武器的威力或财富的规模,而是来自我们理想的持久力量:民主、自由、机会、不屈服的希望。这才是美国真正的精华——美国能够改变。我们的联邦会日渐完美。我们现在已取得的成就为我们将来能够取得和必须取得的成就增添了希望。
这次大选创造了多项第一,也诞生了很多将世代流传的故事。但是今天晚上令我难忘的却是在亚特兰大投票的一名妇女:安-尼克松-库波尔。她和其他数百万排队等待投票的选民没有什么差别,除了一点:她已是106岁的高龄。她出生的那个时代奴隶制度刚刚结束;那时路上没有汽车,天上也没有飞机。当时像她这样的人由于两个原因不能投票,首先她是女性,其次她是黑人。今天晚上,我想到了她在美国过去一百年间所经历的种种:心痛和希望;斗争和进步;在那里时代,我们被告知我们办不到,一些人继续坚信着美国的信念——是的,我们能做到。
妇女当时没有投票权,她们的希望被挫败,但是安-尼克松-库波尔活着看到妇女们站了起来,看到她们站出来发表自己的见解,看到她们参加大选投票。是的,我们能做到。
当30年代的沙尘暴和大萧条使人们感到绝望时,她看到一个国家用新政、新的就业机会以及对新目标的共同追求战胜恐慌。是的,我们能做到。
当炸弹袭击了我们的港口、暴政威胁到全世界,她见证了一代美国人的伟大崛起,见证了一个民主国家获得拯救。是的,我们能做到。
她看到蒙哥马利通了公共汽车、伯明翰接上了水管、塞尔马建了桥,一位来自亚特兰大的传教士告诉人们:“我们将克服阻力。”是的,我们能做到。人类登上月球、柏林墙倒下,世界被我们的科学和想像被连接在一起。今年,在这场选举中,她用手指触摸屏幕投下自己的选票,因为在美国生活了106年之后,经历了最好的时光和最黑暗的时刻之后,她知道美国如何能够发生变革。是的,我们能做到
美国,我们已经走过了一条漫漫长路。我们已经历了很多。但是我们仍有很多事情要做。因此今夜,请让我们自问--如果我们的孩子能够活到下个世纪;如果我的女儿有幸活得和安一样长,她们将会看到怎样的改变?我们将会取得什么样的进步。
现在是我们回答这个问题的机会。这是我们的时刻。
这是我们的时代--让我们的人民重新就业,为我们的后代敞开机会之门,恢复繁荣,推进和平,重新确立“美国梦”,再次证明这样一个基本的真理:我们是一家人;只要一息尚存,我们就有希望;当我们遇到嘲讽和怀疑,当有人说我们办不到的时候,我们要以这个永恒的信条来回应他们。是的,我们能做到感谢你们。上帝保佑你们。愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。
第五篇:奥巴马上海演讲中文全文
奥巴马上海演讲中文全文:
你好。诸位下午好。我感到很荣幸能够有机会到上海跟你们交谈,我要感谢复旦大学的杨校长,感谢他的款待和热情的欢迎。我还想感谢我们出色的大使洪博培,他是我们两国间深厚的纽带。我不知道他刚才说什么,但是希望他说得很好。
我今天准备这样,先做一个开场白,我真正希望做的是回答在座的问题,不但回答在座的学生问题,同时还可以从网上得到一些问题,由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提问。很抱歉,我的中文远不如你们的英文,所以我期待和你们的对话。这是我首次访问中国,我看到你们博大的国家,感到很兴奋。在上海这里,我们看到了瞩目的增长,高耸的塔楼,繁忙的街道,还有企业家的精神。这些都是中国步入21世纪的迹象,让我感到赞叹。同时我也急切的要看到向我们展现中国古老的古迹,明天和后天我要到北京去看雄伟壮丽的故宫和令人叹为观止的长城,这个国度既有丰富的历史,又有对未来憧憬的信念。
而我们两国的关系也是如此,上海在美中关系的历史中是个具有意义的重大城市,在30年前,《上海公报》打开了我们两国政府和两国人民接触交往的新的篇章。
不过美国与这个国家的纽带可以追溯更久远的过去,追溯到美国独立的初期,乔治·华盛顿组织了皇后号的下水仪式,这个船成功前往大清王朝,华盛顿希望看到这艘船前往各地,与中国结成新的纽带。希望中国开辟新的地平线,建立新的伙伴关系。在其后的两个世纪中,历史洪流使我们两国关系向许多不同的方向发展,而即使在最动荡的方向中,我们的两国人民打造深的,甚至有戏剧性的纽带,比如美国人永远不会忘记,在二战期间,美国飞行员在中国上空被击落后,当地人民对他们的款待,中国公民冒着失去一切的危险罩着他们。
而参加二战的老兵仍然欢迎故地重游的美国老兵,他们在那里参战。40年前,我们两国间开启了又一种联系,两国关系开始解冻,通过乒乓球的比赛解冻关系。我们两国之间有着分歧,但是我们也有着共同的人性及有着共同的好奇,就像一位乒乓球人员一样,那的国家就是一样,但是这个小小的开头带来了《上海公报》的问世,最终还带来了美中在1979年建交。在其后的30年我们又取得了长足的进展,1979年美中贸易只有50亿美元,现在已经超过了4000亿美元。
贸易在许多方面影响人民的生活,比如美国电脑中许多部件,还有穿的衣服都是从中国进口的,我们向中国出口中国工业要使用的机器,这种贸易可以在太平洋两岸创造更多的就业机会,让我们的人民过上质量更高的生活。
在需求趋于平衡的过程中,这种贸易可以是更广阔的贸易。如今我们有着积极合作和全面的关系,为我们在当前重大的全球问题上建立伙伴关系打开了大门,这些问题包括经济复苏、洁净能源的开发、制止核武器扩散以及应对气候变化。还有在亚洲及全球各地促进和平和稳定,所有这些问题我明天与胡主席会谈时都会谈到。1979年的时候,我们两国人民的联系十分有限,如今当年乒乓球运动员的好奇可以在许多领域建立的联系中都可以看到,在美国数量最多的留学生都来自中国。而在美国的学生中,学中文的人数增加了50%。我们两国有近200个友好城市,美中科学家在许多新的研究领域和发现领域进行合作,而我们两国人民都热爱篮球,姚明就是个例子。不过,此行中我不能观看上海鲨鱼队的比赛,有点遗憾。那么我们两国之间的这种关系给我们带来了积极的变化,这并不是偶然的,中国使得亿万人民脱贫,而这种成就是人类历史上史无前例的。而中国在全球问题中也发挥更大的作用,美国也目睹了我们经济的成长。中国有句古言,温故而知新。当然,我们过去30年中也遇到了挫折和挑战,我们的关系并不是没有困难的,没有分歧的。但是我们必须一定是对手这种想法不应该是一成不变的。由于我们两国的合作,美中两国都变得更加繁荣、更加安全。我们基于相互的利益、相互的尊重就能有成就。
不过,这种接触的成功要取决于我们要彼此了解,要能够进行开诚布公的对话,彼此进行了解。就像当年美国乒乓球运动员所说的,我们作为人有着共同的向往,但是我们两国又不同。我认为我们两国每个国家都应该勾画出自己要走的路,中国是一个文明古国,它有着博大精深的文化。相对而言,美国是一个年轻的国家,它的文化受到来自许多不同国家移民的影响,而指导我们民主制度文件的影响,我有一个非常简单的向往,代表了一些核心的原则,就是所有的人生来平等,都有着基本的权利,而政府应当反映人们的意志,贸易应该是开放的,信息流通应当是自由的,而法律要保证这个公平。
当然,我们的国家历史也不是没有过困难的地方,从很多方面来讲,很多年以来,我们是通过斗争来促进这些原则或者是所有的人民能够享受到,为了缔造一个更完美的联合,我们也打过一个很痛苦的内战,把一部分我们被奴役的人口释放出来,经过一段时间才能使妇女有投票权,劳工有组织权,包括来自各地的移民能够全部不接受。即使他们被解放以后,非洲与美国人也和美国人经过一些分开的、不平等的条件,经过一段时间才争取到全面的平等权利,所有这些是不容易的。但是我们对这些核心原则的信念我们取得的进展,在最黑暗的风暴当中是作为我们的指南针。
这是为什么林肯在内战期间站起来说过,任何一个国家以自由、以所有人类平等的原则能够长久的存在,也就是为什么金博士在林肯纪念馆的前台站起来,说我们国家要必须真正的实现我们的信念。也就是为什么来自中国或者肯尼亚的移民能够到我们的家,也是为什么一个不到50年前以前在某些地方连投票都遇到困难的人,现在就能够做到那个国家的总统。
这就是为什么美国永远为了全世界各地的核心原则说话,我们不寻求把任何政治体制强制给任何国家,但是我们也不认为我们所支持的这些原则是我们国家所独有的,这些表达自由、宗教崇拜自由、接触信息的机会、政治的参与,我们认为这些是普世的权利,应该是所有人民能够享受到,包括少数民族和宗教的族群,不管是在中国、美国和任何国家,对于普遍权利的尊敬,作为美国对其他国家的开放态度的指导原则,我们对其他文化的尊重,我们对国际法的承诺和对未来的信念的原则。
所有这些都是你们知道关于美国的一些情况,我们有很多要从中国学习。我们看看这个伟大城市的各地,也看看这个房间,我就相信我们两国有很重要的共同点,也就是对未来的信念,不管是美国还是中国,对现在的成就不能感到自满。虽然中国是一个古老的国家,你们也是充满信心展望未来,致力于下一代能够比这一代做的更好,除了你们不断增长的经济之外,我们很配合中国在科学和研究方面所投入的力量,包括建设的基础设施和使用的技术,中国是世界上使用互联网技术最多的国家,这就是我们很高兴互联网是今天活动的一部分,这个国家也拥有最大的机动电话网络,对新的投资保持继续增长,和应对气候变化方面有新的投资,我也希望两国加强这方面的合作。但是更重要是看到年轻人你们的才能、你们的献身精神、你们的梦想在21世纪实现方面会发挥很大的作用。我说过很多次,我认为世界是互相连接的,我们所做的工作,我们所建立的繁荣,我们所保护的环境,我们所追求的安全,所有这些都是共同的,而且是互相连接的,所以21世纪的实力不在零和游戏,一个国家成功不应该以另外一个国家的牺牲作为代价。这就是我们为什么不寻求遏制中国的崛起。相反,我们欢迎中国作为一个国际社会的强的、繁荣的、成功的成员。
再回到刚才的谚语,我们应该考虑过去。在大的国家合作的时候,就比互相碰撞会取得更多得好处,这就是人类在历史上不断吸取的教训。我认为我们合作应该是超越政府间的合作,应该是以人民为基础,我们所研究的内容,我们所从事的生意,我们送获得的知识,我们所进行的体育比赛,所有这些桥梁必须是年轻人共同合作建立起来,这就是我为什么非常高兴我们要大大的宣布我们到中国学习的留学生人数,要增加到10万人。这样交流就会表现出我们是愿意致力于加强两国人民的联系,而且我是绝对有信心。对美国来说,最好的大使、最好的使者就是年轻人,他们和你们一样,很有才能,充满活力,对未来的历史还是很乐观的,这是我们合作的下一步,惠及两国和全世界。
今天可以吸收的一个最重要的内容就是我们不断的向前推进。非常感谢。现在欢迎各位提问题。
顺便说一句,这在美国是非常常见的传统——举行这种市政会议,我现在要做的就是如果你有兴趣提问的话请举手,我会说请你提问。我会从在座的观众中问一个问题,然后再让这些学生代表以及洪大使从网上代为提问。我先找个男生再找一个女生,来回这么找,让大家知道我是公平的。
奥巴马上海演讲英文全文:
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I’d like to thank Fudan University’s President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I’d also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don’t know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)
What I’d like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I’m really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we’ve received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China, and I’m excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world — the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I’m impressed by these signs of China’s journey to the 21st century, I’m eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China’s distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I’m in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America’s ties to this city — and to this country — stretch back further, to the earliest days of America’s independence.In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse — the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success — because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China — ―[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.‖
Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion — today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people’s lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time — economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we’ve seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 ―friendship cities‖ drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball — I’m only sorry that I won’t be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I’m visiting.It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty — an accomplishment unparalleled in human history — while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.There is a Chinese proverb: ―Consider the past, and you shall know the future.‖ Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined — not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding — on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out — we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles — that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways — over many years — we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and ―dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal‖ could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That’s why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don’t believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression and worship — of access to information and political participation — we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities — whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America’s openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city — and looking around this room — I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow’s generation can do better than today’s.In addition to your growing economy, we admire China’s extraordinary commitment to science and research — a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world’s largest Internet user — which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today’s event.This country now has the world’s largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change — and I’m looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China’s future in you — young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I’ve said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek — all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country’s success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China’s rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations — a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of inpidual Chinese like you.To return to the proverb — consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people — in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.That’s why I’m pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I’m absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there’s one thing that we can take from today’s dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)
So — I just want to make sure this works.This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings.And what we’re going to do is I will just — if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands.I will call on you.And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy.So let me begin, though, by seeing — and then what I’ll do is I’ll call on a boy and then a girl and then — so we’ll go back and forth, so that you know it’s fair.All right? So I’ll start with this young lady right in the front.Why don’t we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you.And what’s your name?
Q My name is(inaudible)and I am a student from Fudan University.Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges.So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year.Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question.I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago — my home town — that he’s visited there twice.And I think it’s wonderful to have these exchanges between cities.One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we’re able to reduce our carbon footprint.And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per inpidual, they are already using much more energy than each inpidual here in China.But as China grows and expands, it’s going to be using more energy as well.So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies.We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai.I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that’s being done on high-speed rail.In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient.And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it’s very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating.And so it’s a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other.I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor.And so I would love to attend.I’m not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I’m very pleased that we’re going to have an excellent U.S.pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here.So it’s going to be very crowded and it’s going to be very exciting.Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city.So I’m sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai.Thank you.(Applause.)
Why don’t we get one of the questions from the Internet? And introduce yourself, in case –
Q First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes.Q I want to pose a question from the Internet.I want to thank you, Mr.President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchange views with us in China.I want to know what are you bringing to China, your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the United States?(Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future.I have had several meetings now with President Hu.We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis.We have had consultations about a wide range of issues.But I think it’s very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it’s important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States.In terms of what I’d like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you — these are all highlights — but in addition to that, the discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree.So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were just discussing of climate change.The United States and China are the world’s two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causing the planet to warm.Now, the United States, as a highly developed country, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy and emits much more greenhouse gases for each inpidual than does China.On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has a much larger population.So unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it.There’s going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in which world leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all make commitments that are differentiated so each country would not have the same obligations — obviously China, which has much more poverty, should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States — but all of us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan will be to reduce these greenhouse gases.So that’s an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting — a meeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about how together the United States and China can show leadership.Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us.They will watch to see what we do.And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they’re not serious about this, then they won’t be serious either.That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry.And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues.Okay?(Applause.)
All right, it’s a — I think it must be a boy’s turn now.Right? So I’ll call on this young man right here.Q(As translated.)Mr.President, good afternoon.I’m from Tongji University.I want to cite a saying from Confucius: ―It is always good to have a friend coming from afar.‖ In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences.China advocates a harmonious world.We know that the United States develops a culture that features persity.I want to know, what will your government do to build a persified world with different cultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures and histories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: This is an excellent point.The United States, one of our strengths is that we are a very perse culture.We have people coming from all around the world.And so there’s no one definition of what an American looks like.In my own family, I have a father who was from Kenya;I have a mother who was from Kansas, in the Midwest of the United States;my sister is half-Indonesian;she’s married to a Chinese person from Canada.So when you see family gatherings in the Obama household, it looks like the United Nations.(Laughter.)
And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society.Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions.And I think it’s very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else.And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries.I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture.So, for example, in the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights — that if children are being exploited, if there’s forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past.That’s a universal value.I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to the treatment of women.I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayor of Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that in many professions now here in China, there are actually more women enrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well.I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that if you look at development around the world, one of the best indicators of whether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and how it treats its women.And countries that are tapping into the talents and the energy of women and giving them educations typically do better economically than countries that don’t.So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes about the relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view of the United States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women all around the world.And if we see certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violence towards women, we will speak out.Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can have a dialogue about that.But we think it’s important, nevertheless, to be true to our ideals and our values.And we — and when we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make.If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society.And so we don’t claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it’s important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values.Okay? All right.We’re going to take a question from the Internet.Q Hello, Mr.President.It’s a great honor to be here and meet you in person.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Q I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan.In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan.Now I am doing business on the mainland.And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well.So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose — continue selling arms and weapons to Taiwan, I begin to get pretty worried.I worry that this may make our cross-straits relations suffer.So I would like to know if, Mr.President, are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although this question is from a businessman, actually, it’s a question of keen concern to all of us young Chinese students, so we’d really like to know your position on this question.Thank you.(Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Well, I have been clear in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflected in the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms of our relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People’s Republic of China.We don’t want to change that policy and that approach.I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we will continue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of — and the People’s Republic in resolving many of these issues.One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of its foreign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking is ways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved.We always think that’s the better course.And I think that economic ties and commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping to lower a lot of the tensions that date back before you were born or even before I was born.Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future.I prefer to look towards the future.And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place — there’s something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about ideology.And I think that that’s starting to happen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process.Okay?
Let’s see, it’s a girl’s turn now, right? Yes, right there.Yes.Hold on, let’s get — whoops, I’m sorry, they took the mic back here.I’ll call on you next.Go ahead, and then I’ll go up here later.Go ahead.Q Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: I’ll call on you later.But I’ll on her first and then I’ll call on you afterwards.Go ahead.Q Okay, thank you.Mr.President, I’m a student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace.In your opinion, what’s the main reason that you were honored the Nobel Prize for Peace? And will it give you more responsibility and pressure to — more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace? And will it bring you — will it influence your ideas while dealing with the international affairs? Thank you very much.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.That was an excellent question.I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning the Nobel Prize for Peace.Obviously it’s a great honor.I don’t believe necessarily that it’s an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history of people who have won the prize.All I can do is to, with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the American people and the possibilities of changing not only America but also America’s approach to the world.And so in some ways I think they gave me the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach to world affairs that we are trying to promote.In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President.And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I’m working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job.(Laughter.)And so you — there’s a saying — I don’t know if there’s a similar saying in China — we have a saying: ―You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it.‖ And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it.I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world.It’s not always easy to do.There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are — date back for centuries.If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years.In many parts of the world — let’s say, in the continent of Africa — there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve.And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protect the American people.And because of the attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocent people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out these terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of dealing with this kind of violence.Nevertheless, although I don’t think that we can ever completely eliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that we can definitely reduce the violence between peoples — through dialogue, through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding between peoples and between cultures.And particularly now when just one inpidual can detonate a bomb that causes so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursue these strategies for peace.Technology is a powerful instrument for good, but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormous damage.And that’s why I’m hopeful that in my meetings with President Hu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can work together to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place.We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use our military, because we’re such big and strong countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do;that we have to examine our own motives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply using our military forces because nobody can stop us.That’s a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations.And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world.(Applause.)
Okay.All right? Jon — I’m going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy.This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S.press corps so that –
AMBASSADOR HUNTSMAN: That’s right.And not surprisingly, ―in a country with 350 million Internet users and 60 million bloggers, do you know of the firewall?‖ And second, ―should we be able to use Twitter freely‖ — is the question.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me say that I have never used Twitter.I noticed that young people — they’re very busy with all these electronics.My thumbs are too clumsy to type in things on the phone.But I am a big believer in technology and I’m a big believer in openness when it comes to the flow of information.I think that the more freely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because then citizens of countries around the world can hold their own governments accountable.They can begin to think for themselves.That generates new ideas.It encourages creativity.And so I’ve always been a strong supporter of open Internet use.I’m a big supporter of non-censorship.This is part of the tradition of the United States that I discussed before, and I recognize that different countries have different traditions.I can tell you that in the United States, the fact that we have free Internet — or unrestricted Internet access is a source of strength, and I think should be encouraged.Now, I should tell you, I should be honest, as President of the United States, there are times where I wish information didn’t flow so freely because then I wouldn’t have to listen to people criticizing me all the time.I think people naturally are — when they’re in positions of power sometimes thinks, oh, how could that person say that about me, or that’s irresponsible, or — but the truth is that because in the United States information is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who can say all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes our democracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me to hear opinions that I don’t want to hear.It forces me to examine what I’m doing on a day-to-day basis to see, am I really doing the very best that I could be doing for the people of the United States.And I think the Internet has become an even more powerful tool for that kind of citizen participation.In fact, one of the reasons that I won the presidency was because we were able to mobilize young people like yourself to get involved through the Internet.Initially, nobody thought we could win because we didn’t have necessarily the most wealthy supporters;we didn’t have the most powerful political brokers.But through the Internet, people became excited about our campaign and they started to organize and meet and set up campaign activities and events and rallies.And it really ended up creating the kind of bottom-up movement that allowed us to do very well.Now, that’s not just true in — for government and politics.It’s also true for business.You think about a company like Google that only 20 years ago was — less than 20 years ago was the idea of a couple of people not much older than you.It was a science project.And suddenly because of the Internet, they were able to create an industry that has revolutionized commerce all around the world.So if it had not been for the freedom and the openness that the Internet allows, Google wouldn’t exist.So I’m a big supporter of not restricting Internet use, Internet access, other information technologies like Twitter.The more open we are, the more we can communicate.And it also helps to draw the world together.Think about — when I think about my daughters, Malia and Sasha — one is 11, one is 8 — from their room, they can get on the Internet and they can travel to Shanghai.They can go anyplace in the world and they can learn about anything they want to learn about.And that’s just an enormous power that they have.And that helps, I think, promote the kind of understanding that we talked about.Now, as I said before, there’s always a downside to technology.It also means that terrorists are able to organize on the Internet in ways that they might not have been able to do before.Extremists can mobilize.And so there’s some price that you pay for openness, there’s no denying that.But I think that the good outweighs the bad so much that it’s better to maintain that openness.And that’s part of why I’m so glad that the Internet was part of this forum.Okay?
I’m going to take two more questions.And the next one is from a gentleman, I think.Right here, yes.Here’s the microphone.Q First, I would like to say that it is a great honor for me to stand here to ask you the questions.I think I am so lucky and just appreciate that your speech is so clear that I really do not need such kind of headset.(Laughter.)
And here comes my question.My name is(inaudible)from Fudan University School of Management.And I would like to ask you the question — is that now that someone has asked you something about the Nobel Peace Prize, but I will not ask you in the same aspect.I want to ask you in the other aspect that since it is very hard for you to get such kind of an honorable prize, and I wonder and we all wonder that — how you struggled to get it.And what’s your university/college education that brings you to get such kind of prizes? We are very curious about it and we would like to invite you to share with us your campus education experiences so as to go on the road of success.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me tell you that I don’t know if there’s a curriculum or course of study that leads you to win the Nobel Peace Prize.(Laughter.)So I can’t guarantee that.But I think the recipe for success is the one that you are already following.Obviously all of you are working very hard, you’re studying very hard.You’re curious.You’re willing to think about new ideas and think for yourself.You know, the people who I meet now that I find most inspiring who are successful I think are people who are not only willing to work very hard but are constantly trying to improve themselves and to think in new ways, and not just accept the conventional wisdom.Obviously there are many different paths to success, and some of you are going to be going into government service;some of you might want to be teachers or professors;some of you might want to be businesspeople.But I think that whatever field you go into, if you’re constantly trying to improve and never satisfied with not having done your best, and constantly asking new questions — ―Are there things that I could be doing differently? Are there new approaches to problems that nobody has thought of before, whether it’s in science or technology or in the arts? — those are usually the people who I think are able to rise about the rest.The one last piece of advice, though, that I would have that has been useful for me is the people who I admire the most and are most successful, they’re not just thinking only about themselves but they’re also thinking about something larger than themselves.So they want to make a contribution to society.They want to make a contribution to their country, their nation, their city.They are interested in having an impact beyond their own immediate lives.I think so many of us, we get caught up with wanting to make money for ourselves and have a nice car and have a nice house and — all those things are important, but the people who really make their mark on the world is because they have a bigger ambition.They say, how can I help feed hungry people? Or, how can I help to teach children who don’t have an education? Or, how can I bring about peaceful resolution of conflicts? Those are the people I think who end up making such a big difference in the world.And I’m sure that young people like you are going to be able to make that kind of difference as long as you keep working the way you’ve been working.All right? All right, this is going to be the last question, unfortunately.We’ve run out of time so quickly.Our last Internet question, because I want to make sure that we got all three of our fine students here.Q Mr.President, it’s a great honor for the last question.And I’m a college student from Fudan University, and today I’m also the representative of China’s Youth(inaudible.)And this question I think is from Beijing: Paid great attention to your Afghanistan policies, and he would like to know whether terrorism is still the greatest security concern for the United States? And how do you assess the military actions in Afghanistan, or whether it will turn into another Iraqi war? Thank you very much.PRESIDENT OBAMA: I think that’s an excellent question.Well, first of all, I do continue to believe that the greatest threat to United States’ security are the terrorist networks like al Qaeda.And the reason is, is because even though they are small in number, what they have shown is, is that they have no conscience when it comes to the destruction of innocent civilians.And because of technology today, if an organization like that got a weapon of mass destruction on its hands — a nuclear or a chemical or a biological weapon — and they used it in a city, whether it’s in Shanghai or New York, just a few inpiduals could potentially kill tens of thousands of people, maybe hundreds of thousands.So it really does pose an extraordinary threat.Now, the reason we originally went into Afghanistan was because al Qaeda was in Afghanistan, being hosted by the Taliban.They have now moved over the border of Afghanistan and they are in Pakistan now, but they continue to have networks with other extremist organizations in that region.And I do believe that it is important for us to stabilize Afghanistan so that the people of Afghanistan can protect themselves, but they can also be a partner in reducing the power of these extremist networks.Now, obviously it is a very difficult thing — one of the hardest things about my job is ordering young men and women into the battlefield.I often have to meet with the mothers and fathers of the fallen, those who do not come home.And it is a great weight on me.It gives me a heavy heart.Fortunately, our Armed Services is — the young men and women who participate, they believe so strongly in their service to their country that they are willing to go.And I think that it is possible — working in a broader coalition with our allies in NATO and others that are contributing like Australia — to help train the Afghans so that they have a functioning government, that they have their own security forces, and then slowly we can begin to pull our troops out because there’s no longer that vacuum that existed after the Taliban left.But it’s a difficult task.It’s not easy.And ultimately I think in trying to defeat these terrorist extremists, it’s important to understand it’s not just a military exercise.We also have to think about what motivates young people to become terrorists, why would they become suicide bombers.And although there are obviously a lot of different reasons, including I think the perversion of religion, in thinking that somehow these kinds of violent acts are appropriate, part of what’s happened in places like Pakistan and Afghanistan is these young people have no education, they have no opportunities, and so they see no way for them to move forward in life, and that leads them into thinking that this is their only option.And so part of what we want to do in Afghanistan is to find ways that we can train teachers and create schools and improve agriculture so that people have a greater sense of hope.That won’t change the ideas of a Osama bin Laden who are very ideologically fixed on trying to strike at the West, but it will change the pool of young people who they can recruit from.And that is at least as important, if not more important over time, as whatever military actions that we can take.Okay?
All right, I have had a wonderful time.I am so grateful to all of you.First of all, let me say I’m very impressed with all of your English.Clearly you’ve been studying very hard.And having a chance to meet with all of you I think has given me great hope for the future of U.S.-China relations.I hope that many of you have the opportunity to come and travel and visit the United States.You will be welcome.I think you will find that the American people feel very warmly towards the people of China.And I am very confident that, with young people like yourselves and the young people that I know in the United States, that our two great countries will continue to prosper and help to bring about a more peaceful and secure world.So thank you very much everybody.Thank you.(Applause.)
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