第一篇：英国女王2015年议会致辞
My Lords and members of the House of Commons。
My government will legislate in the interests of everyone in our country.It will adopt a one nation approach, helping working people get on, supporting aspiration, giving new opportunities to the most disadvantaged and bringing different parts of our country together。
My government will continue with its long-term plan to provide economic stability and security at every stage of life.They will continue the work of bringing the public finances under control and reducing the deficit, so Britain lives within its means.Measures will be introduced to raise the productive potential of the economy and increase living standards。
Legislation will be brought forward to help achieve full employment and provide more people with the security of a job.New duties will require my ministers to report annually on job creation and apprenticeships.Measures will also be introduced to reduce regulation on small businesses so they can create jobs。
Legislation will be brought forward to ensure people working 30 hours a week on the National Minimum Wage do not pay income tax, and to ensure there are no rises in Income Tax rates, Value Added Tax or National Insurance for the next 5 years。
Measures will be brought forward to help working people by greatly increasing the provision of free childcare。
Legislation will be introduced to support home ownership and give housing association tenants the chance to own their own home。
Measures will be introduced to increase energy security and to control immigration.My government will bring forward legislation to reform trade unions and to protect essential public services against strikes。
To give new opportunities to the most disadvantaged, my government will expand the Troubled Families programme and continue to reform welfare, with legislation encouraging employment by capping benefits and requiring young people to earn or learn。
Legislation will be brought forward to improve schools and give every child the best start in life, with new powers to take over failing and coasting schools and create more academies。
In England, my government will secure the future of the National Health Service by implementing the National Health Service’s own 5 year plan, by increasing the health budget, integrating healthcare and social care, and ensuring the National Health Service works on a 7 day basis.Measures will be introduced to improve access to general practitioners and to mental healthcare。
Measures will also be brought forward to secure the real value of the basic State Pension, so that more people live in dignity and security in retirement.Measures will be brought forward to increase the rights of victims of crime。
To bring different parts of our country together, my government will work to bring about a balanced economic recovery.Legislation will be introduced to provide for the devolution of powers to cities with elected metro mayors, helping to build a northern powerhouse。
My government will continue to legislate for high-speed rail links between the different parts of the country。
My government will also bring forward legislation to secure a strong and lasting constitutional settlement, devolving wide-ranging powers to Scotland and Wales.Legislation will be taken forward giving effect to the Stormont House Agreement in Northern Ireland。
My government will continue to work in cooperation with the devolved administrations on the basis of mutual respect。
My government will bring forward changes to the standing orders of the House of Commons.These changes will create fairer procedures to ensure that decisions affecting England, or England and Wales, can be taken only with the consent of the majority of Members of Parliament representing constituencies in those parts of our United Kingdom。
My government will renegotiate the United Kingdom’s relationship with the European Union and pursue reform of the European Union for the benefit of all member states。
Alongside this, early legislation will be introduced to provide for an in-out referendum on membership of the European Union before the end of 2017.Measures will also be brought forward to promote social cohesion and protect people by tackling extremism.New legislation will modernise the law on communications data, improve the law on policing and criminal justice, and ban the new generation of psychoactive drugs。
My government will bring forward proposals for a British Bill of Rights。
Members of the House of Commons。
Estimates for the public services will be laid before you。
My Lords and members of the House of Commons
My government will continue to play a leading role in global affairs, using its presence all over the world to re-engage with and tackle the major international security, economic and humanitarian challenges。
My ministers will remain at the forefront of the NATO alliance and of international efforts to degrade and ultimately defeat terrorism in the Middle East。
The United Kingdom will continue to seek a political settlement in Syria, and will offer further support to the Iraqi government’s programme for political reform and national reconciliation。
My government will maintain pressure on Russia to respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine, and will insist on the full implementation of the Minsk agreements。
My government looks forward to an enhanced partnership with India and China。
Prince Philip and I look forward to our state visit to Germany next month and to our state visit to Malta in November, alongside the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.We also look forward to welcoming His Excellency the President of The People’s Republic of China and Madame Peng on a state visit in October。
My government will seek effective global collaboration to sustain economic recovery and to combat climate change, including at the climate change conference in Paris later this year。
My government will undertake a full strategic defence and security review, and do whatever is necessary to ensure that our courageous armed forces can keep Britain safe。
My government will work to reduce the threat from nuclear weapons, cyber attacks and terrorism。
Other measures will be laid before you。
My Lords and members of the House of Commons
I pray that the blessing of almighty God may rest upon your counsels
第二篇：论英国女王与议会
论英国女王与议会
英国在18世纪时，国王还能运用手中的实权，恩赐官职，笼络保王势力，以后，王权逐渐削弱。到19世纪中叶维多利亚女王在位期间，王权大大衰落。法律赋予英王的权力，实际上是通过议会去行使，王权成为象征性的。君主必须根据议会意愿行使行政权力。君主名义上是世袭国家元首、联合王国武装部队总司令和英国国教的世袭领袖，实际上处于统而不治的地位。英国君主立宪制是以代议制为基础，以责任内阁制为核心的。英国国王是国家元首，但平常仅仅扮演仪式性的角色，实际最高行政首长是首相。
一．英国君主立宪制
英国的制度，不论是君主、议会、行政机构或法院，都深植其根于悠久的历史中，是在漫长的历史过程中通过政治实践逐步完善起来的。因此，很多方面都体现为传统与现代共存，导致政治主体比较多，各机构之间关系比较复杂，权力分配也在不断地变化当中。
三权分立制度就是国家的立法、行政、司法三权分别由三个机关独立行使，并相互制衡的制度。三权分立制度是根据近代分权学说建立起来的。近代分权学说由英国的J.洛克倡导，由法国的孟德斯鸠完成。它建立的根据是英国的君主立宪制，理论基础是与社会契约论相结合的近代自然法学说。三权分立制度为绝大多数的资本主义国家所采用，是资本主义国家的国家机关组织与活动的基本制度。三权分立制度在反对封建势力复辟、建立资本主义民主制度的斗争中发挥过重要作用。
英国现在实行君主制，英国国王从法律上讲，还具有至尊的地位和权力，但在政治实践中，国王的权力要受到一系列宪法性习惯的限制，实权大多由内阁或议会控制，英王只是根据内阁和议会的意思，照章办事而已。未经议会同意，国王不得擅自批准法律、废除法律或中止法律之实施。并规定，国王必须是信奉英国国教者，天主教徒或同天主教徒结婚者不得继承王位。专制君主为受宪法约束的立宪君主所取代。
二．英国女王
英国王权制度由来已久，历史上国王的权力几经消长。17世纪末18世纪初，英国资产阶级革命后，英国资产阶级与新贵族妥协，在形式上继续保留君主，专制君主制逐渐向二元君主制和议会君主立宪制发展。在这一过程中王权不断弱化，逐渐从“实位”向“虚位”发展，国王成为虚位元首。与封建专制制度下拥有绝对权威的封建君主相比，立宪君主只能是依宪法而治的君主。其存在主要作为国家的象征。
在日常政治生活中，英王（女王）具有被咨询权、支持权和敬告权；英王（女王）作为英联邦首脑，还起着维系英联邦纽带的作用。
在对外交往中，君主代表英国；英王（女王）是英国国家的人格化，提供了国民效忠的对象，成为民族团结的纽带和国家统一的象征，现在位女王的头衔全称“天佑大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国和她的其他领土及领地的女王、英联邦元首、基督教护教者伊丽莎白二世”就表明英王的权力。
虽然如此，英王仍是资产阶级国家政权中不可缺少的部分。作为国家的象征，英王可以在维护国家团结、调解统治阶级内部矛盾等方面发挥作用，或就内政、外交问题提供可资参考的意见;在特殊情况下,也还可以行使宪法赋予的某些权力。
现任的英国君主是伊莉莎白二世全名伊莉莎白·亚历山德拉·玛丽·温莎，是英国,英联邦以及15个成员国的国家元首，同时也是英国国教会的最高首领。她于1952年6月2日加冕，是目前在位时间第二长的国家元首，在她作为国家元首的国度中大约生活着1.25亿人。伊丽莎白女王是历史上外访最多的国君。1953年至1954年她和菲利浦花了半年时间周游世界，她也成为第一个访问澳大利亚、新西兰和斐济的在位君
主。1957年10月她对美国做了国事访问，1959年则又访问了加拿大。1961年她首次访问印度和巴基斯坦。她访问过大多数欧洲国家和许多欧洲以外的地区，并经常出席英联邦首脑会议。伊丽莎白在宗教、道德标准和家庭事务上非常保守。她对待宗教责任十分严肃，并将她的加冕誓言看得很重。
三．英国议会
光荣革命以后，资产阶级和新贵族统治确立，推翻了君主专制，议会的权力大增，资产阶级和新贵族在议会通过了一系列旨在限制国王权力的法案。其中，1689年颁布的《权利法案》影响最为深远。《权利法案》以明确的法律条文，限制国王的权利，保证议会的立法权、财政权等权力。这样，封建时代的君权神授遭到否定，君主权力由法律赋予，受到法律严格制约。
议会君主制政体的权力重心在议会。议会拥有立法权、财政权和对行政的监督权。表面上，议会通过的法案要经过国王批准，实际上这只是一种形式。
英国议会实行两院制，上院议员不经选举,由各类贵族组成,故上院也叫贵族院。上院议员有1156人(1980)。下院选举产生,贵族不得竞选下院议员。下院任期5年，届满全部改选。下院有议员635人(1980)。
议会的职权主要由下院行使。立法的程序一般是提出议案、议会辩论、经三读通过、送交另一院通过，最后呈英王批准颁布。议会其主要职责是：立法、决定国家财政、推举政府、监督政府工作、审理公众的申诉、辩论国事、为选民办事、审理上诉案等。
议会不但掌握制定法律的权利，还可以监督政府和决定重大的经济政策。表面上，议会通过的法案要经过国王批准，实际上这只是一种形式。从18世纪初叶以来,英王从未行使过否决权。议会是最高司法和立法机构，是国家权利的中心。
英国资产阶级革命确立的君主立宪政体大大削弱了国王的权力，议会及政府逐步掌握了治理国家的权力，结束了英国的封建专制制度，使得英国走上资产阶级政治民主化的道路，有利于资本主义的发展。它代表了历史发展的趋势，是历史的一大进步。不仅对巩固资产阶级在英国的统治起了巨大的作用，而且对其他国家的资产阶级建立新的制度，也有着巨大影响。
英国政府体制的建立实行了典型的权力结合。政治主体间的复杂联系使得各种权力紧密地结合在一起。英王是一切权力的来源，英王虽然在整个政治体系中丧失了实权，但它的触角仍是无处不在。议会和内阁的几乎所有活动都以英王的名义开展。首相一身兼三任：议会领袖、政府首脑和党魁，将议会、政府和执政党紧密地联系起来。由此，立法和行政也就紧密地结合到了一起。
第三篇：论英国女王与议会
论英国女王与议会—— 携手共启发展之路
十七世纪八十年代，在英国发生的一场不流血的政治革命为英国乃至整个世界开启了进入现代社会的大门。金色的王冠自此在风中摇曳，英国议会自此接手了英国的政治大权。但即使如此，英国王室的光辉依旧灿烂，在几百年后的今天依然熠熠生辉。自君主立宪之日起，国王就与议会形成了无声的默契，共同致力于英国人民的幸福生活。
众所皆知，人类历史的每一次前进，都免不了经历战火与鲜血的洗礼。但十七世纪八十年代，在大西洋沿岸的一个弹丸小国里，进行着一场似乎不顾历史遗训的不流血的政治革命，史称“光荣革命”。这场革命完成了英国资产阶级革命的重大任务，自此推翻了数百年来形成的黑暗的英国君主专制统治，从此接过了英国政权的金钥匙。国王从那时起失去了神佑的光辉，回归平民的境地。宪法和法律的权利至高无上，即使是国王也要从中寻求荫蔽。这就是我们常说的君主立宪政体。
英国资产阶级确立的君主立宪政体大大削弱了国王的权力，议会政府逐步掌握了国家政权。这种政治体制虽然有其历史局限性，但他结束了英国的封建君主专制制度，使得英国走上了资产阶级政治民主化道路，有利于资本主义的发展。它代表了历史发展的趋势，是历史的一大进步。英国是世界上第一个建立君主立宪制的国家，这一制度的确立和不断完善，不仅对巩固资产阶级对英国的统治起巨大作用，而且对其他国家的资产阶级建立新的制度，也有着巨大影响。溯源英国国王的发展不难发现，从早期国王专制到国王与议会斗争，再从国王与议会斗争到议会独掌大权，经历了长期的血型与暴力，国王的权力逐渐轮空，最终被完全剥夺了权利。但作为几百年的君主专制国家，国王的威严已深入人心，成为人们享受现世生活的精神支柱，也成为英联邦各个国家的精神领袖和连接纽带，因而虽然国王失去了实权，依旧发挥着不可替代的作用。因而，英国一直保存着“国王”这一称号。
现任的英国女王伊丽莎白二世出生于一九二六年的伦敦，于一九五二年接替父王正式即位，成为英联邦国家元首，国教会最高领袖。女王在普遍英国人心目中，是国家团结的象征。而她的端正品行，亦往往是为全体国民树立了个人行为操守的典范。另外，女王亦时常在一年一度的圣诞节的广播谈话中，鼓励国民互相帮助及彼此团结。作为君主，女王仪态庄重，一丝不苟，总是非常严肃。除了在本国发挥着领导模范作用外，在国际事务上，英国女王也发挥着积极的重大作用。作为英联邦国家元首，在维系英联邦国家关系，保证英国国际地位方面发挥着重要作用。每逢英联邦国家举行重大庆典等活动时，举办方都会邀请女王参加，女王亦积极投身到各种活动中。例如：二零零六年三月十五日，女王出席了在墨尔本举行的英联邦运动会。二零零九年，法国因未邀请英国女王参加诺曼底登陆周年庆典而引起英国王室的愤怒，后法国政府立马改口，表示欢迎女王参加该庆典。由此可见，无论在英联邦国家还是在世界其他国家，英国女王都具有崇高的地位。而作为英国政府的议会，因为女王的存在，光辉自然减少。但作为真正掌握政权的机构，其管理国家事务的能力及对于国家发展产生的作用当然是最强大的。回顾英国议会的历史，一条条纹路清晰地展开。它的产生、发展，内部矛盾及与国王的矛盾，无不体现者一路走来的心酸与艰难。
英国议会创建于十三世纪，迄今已有七百多年的历史，被称为“议会之母”。英国议会是英国政治的中心舞台，是英国的最高立法机关。政府从议会中产生并对其负责。英国议会为两院制，由上议院和下议员组成。上院由王室后裔、世袭贵族、新封贵族、上诉法院法官、教会大主教和主教组成，五任期限制。上院的立法职能主要是：提出法案；在立法程序中可以拖延法案生效；审判弹劾案；行使国家最高司法权。下院议员由普选产生，任期五年。下院的立法职权主要是：提出重要法案；先行讨论、通过法案；提出质询；财政法案只能由下院提出和通过。国王被看成是“一切权力的源泉”、“国家的化身”，在政治生活中处于“临朝而不理政”、“统而不治”的地位，具有国家的象征意义。在立法职权方面，国王批准并颁布法律；制定文官管理法规；颁布枢密院令和特许状；召集、终止议会会议；解散议会；任免重要官员。但是，国王的这些权力主要是象征性的，行使这些权力主要还是一种形式。例如，国王批准法律，必须先经由议会通过，国王只是履行一下手续；国王解散议会，但必须根据首相的决议才能采取行动。
英国议会居于优越于其他机关的“至上”地位，曾经拥有几乎是无限的立法权。英国议会立法的职权可以说是无所不能，主要包括三个方面：立法、监控财政、监督政府。
英国资产阶级革命后，女王与议会团结协作，共同致力于英国社会经济发展。英国女王领导着英国人民的精神动向，而首相则领导议会政府管理国家大小事务，为英国人民提供医疗、教育、卫生、住房、环境等方面的各种便利。
第四篇：2016英国女王致辞
英国女王2016年圣诞致辞
There was a time when British Olympic medal winners became household names because there were so few of them.But the 67 medals at this year's Games in Rio and 147 at the Paralympics meant that the GB medallists' reception at Buckingham Palace was a crowded and happy event.Throughout the Commonwealth there were equally joyful celebrations.Grenada, the Bahamas, Jamaica and New Zealand won more medals per head of population than any other countries.Many of this year's winners spoke of being inspired by athletes of previous generations.Inspiration fed their aspiration;and having discovered abilities they scarcely knew they had, these athletes are now inspiring others.A few months ago, I saw inspiration of a different kind when I opened the new Cambridge base of the East Anglian Air Ambulance, where Prince William works as a helicopter pilot.It was not hard to be moved by the dedication of the highly skilled doctors, paramedics and crew, who are called out on average five times a day.But to be inspirational you don't have to save lives or win medals.I often draw strength from meeting ordinary people doing extraordinary things: volunteers, carers, community organisers and good neighbours;unsung heroes whose quiet dedication makes them special.They are an inspiration to those who know them, and their lives frequently embody a truth expressed by Mother Teresa, from this year Saint Teresa of Calcutta.She once said: 'Not all of us can do great things.But we can do small things with great love'.This has been the experience of two remarkable organisations, The Duke of Edinburgh's Award and The Prince's Trust, which are 60 and 40 years old this year.These started as small initiatives but have grown beyond any expectations, and continue to transform young people's lives.To mark my 90th birthday, volunteers and supporters of the six hundred charities of which I have been patron came to a lunch in The Mall.Many of these organisations are modest in size but inspire me with the work they do.From giving friendship and support to our veterans, the elderly or the bereaved;to championing music and dance;providing animal welfare;or protecting our fields and forests, their selfless devotion and generosity of spirit is an example to us all.When people face a challenge they sometimes talk about taking a deep breath to find courage or strength.In fact, the word 'inspire' literally means 'to breathe in.But even with the inspiration of others, it's understandable that we sometimes think the world's problems are so big that we can do little to help.On our own, we cannot end wars or wipe out injustice, but the cumulative impact of thousands of small acts of goodness can be bigger than we imagine.At Christmas, our attention is drawn to the birth of a baby some two thousand years ago.It was the humblest of beginnings, and his parents, Joseph and Mary, did not think they were important.Jesus Christ lived obscurely for most of his life, and never travelled far.He was maligned and rejected by many, though he had done no wrong.And yet, billions of people now follow his teaching and find in him the guiding light for their lives.I am one of them because Christ's example helps me see the value of doing small things with great love, whoever does them and whatever they themselves believe.'The message of Christmas reminds us that inspiration is a gift to be given as well as received, and that love begins small but always grows.I wish you all a very happy Christmas.
第五篇：整理精品英国女王圣诞致辞
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2010Queen's Christmas message 英国女王圣诞致辞
Get Flash Player Text of the Queen's Christmas message Each year that passes seems to have its own character.Some leave us with a feeling of satisfaction, others are best forgotten.2009 was a difficult year for many, in particular those facing the continuing effects of the economic downturn.I am sure that we have all been affected by events in Afghanistan and saddened by the casualties suffered by our forces serving there.Our thoughts go out to their relations and friends who have shown immense dignity in the face of great personal loss.But, we can be proud of the positive contribution that our servicemen and women are making, in conjunction with our allies.Well over 13,000 soldiers from the United Kingdom, and across the Commonwealthare currently serving in Afghanistan.The debt of gratitude owed to these young men and women, and to their predecessors, is indeed profound.It is 60 years since the Commonwealth was created and today, with more than a billion of its members under the age of 25, the organisation remains a strong and practical force for good.Recently, I attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Trinidad and Tobago and heard how important the Commonwealth is to young people.New communication technologies allow them to reach out to the wider world and share their experiences and viewpoints.For many, the practical assistance and networks of the Commonwealth can give skills, lend advice and encourage enterprise.It is inspiring to learn of some of the work being done by these young people, who bring creativity and innovation to the challenges they face.It is important to keep discussing issues that concern us all-there can be no more valuable role for our family of nations.I have been closely associated with the Commonwealth through most of its existence.The personal and living bond I have enjoyed with leaders, and with people the world over, has always been more important in promoting our unity than symbolism alone.The Commonwealth is not an organisation with a mission.It is rather an opportunity for its people to work together to achieve practical solutions to problems.In many aspects of our lives, whether in sport, the environment, business or culture, the Commonwealth connection remains vivid and enriching.It is, in lots of ways, the face of the future.And with continuing support and dedication, I am confident that this perse Commonwealth of nations can strengthen the common bond that transcends politics, religion, race and economic circumstances.We know that Christmas is a time for celebration and family reunions;but it is also a time to reflect on what confronts those less fortunate than ourselves, at home and throughout the world.Christians are taught to love their neighbours, having compassion and concern, and being ready to undertake charity and voluntary work to ease the burden of deprivation and disadvantage.We may ourselves be confronted by a bewildering array of difficulties and challenges, but we must never cease to work for a better future for ourselves and for others.I wish you all, wherever you may be, a very happy Christmas.
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