英语口译(二级)讲义

第一篇：英语口译(二级)讲义

英语口译（二级）精讲班第1讲讲义

001 二级口译实务考试介绍

Lecture 1

1、二级口译实务考试介绍

英语口译二级考试分《口译综合能力》 和《口译实务》测试两部分，旨在检测应试者的口译实践能力是否达到专业译员水平。合格的应试者应能熟练运用口译技巧，完整准确地译出原话内容，无错译漏译。

英语口译实务（二级）考试含“英汉交替传译”和“汉英交替传译”。题量各占50%，含总量约1000单词的英语讲话两篇和总量约1000汉字的汉语讲话两篇，时间约60分钟。考试内容涉及政治、经济、文化、外交、旅游、信息科技、经融贸易、环境保护、卫生健康等，跟翻译专业所要求掌握的知识和技能相一致，要求应试者知识结构分布合理，专业技能达到一定的水平。

英语口译实务考试一律采取现场录音的方式，考试结果记录在磁带上。考试的评分标准非常细化，一个考生的磁带要有两个以上的人去听，并且听出来的结果基本一致，最后再由专家组根据考生录音核定成绩。

应该说英语口译实务（二级）考试具有一定的挑战性，要求应试者过语言关、知识关和技术关，同时还要有稳定的心理因素。按照翻译专业人员的四个等级来划分，即：助理翻译、翻译、副译审和译审，二级就是翻译级，也就是我们所说的中级职称。因此，二级口译试题的定位基本上是针对大学外语专业比较优秀的毕业生，经过几年的翻译实践应能达到的水平。二级口译考试模块的设计也是基于这一理念，即要求应试者具备比较全面的知识结构和良好的双语互译能力。具体说来，应试者应具备良好的语言知识（Linguistic Knowledge）、语言外的知识（Extra-Linguistic Knowledge）以及分析能力（Analysis）。同时应试者还应具备敏锐的听力、良好的短时记忆、行之有效的笔记、以及准确灵活的双语表达等口译所必须的基本能力。

2、口译学习讲解

技巧和语言基本功相结合。课程讲解同时关注这两点。

3、口译技巧介绍

口译技巧(Interpretation Techniques)根据口译步骤（信息接收—信息储存—信息处理—信息输出）为基础，总结出以下技巧：(1)听辨；

(2)思维理解1—逻辑分析；

(3)思维理解2—信息视觉；

(4)思维理解3 —将认知信息纳入理解轨道

(5)记忆机制1—瞬时记忆、短时记忆、长时记忆；

(6)记忆机制2－记忆训练方法；

(7)笔记方法1—记什么?(8)笔记方法2—怎么记?

(9)数字口译1—单纯数字口译

(10)数字口译2—数字与信息相结合(11)习语的口译；

(12)模糊信息处理技巧；

(13)口译中的文化差异；

(14)口译中的句法转换；

(15)语境因素处理技巧；

(16)临场应变技巧。

我们将把这些技巧穿插在我们的讲解之中，辅以必要练习。

4、口译课程结构介绍

每次课内容安排：50分钟

技巧讲解和练习20' 语言练习10' 篇章练习20' 002 听辨技巧

一、听辨技巧

“听辨”，顾名思义，不仅要“听”还要“辨”，即思考、分析。“听辨”是口译过程中的第一个阶段。在这个过程中我们接收到源语信息，并通过种种分析手段把接收到的信息纳入到我们的理解范畴，以便储存和输出。毫无疑问，口译的成败在很大程度上取决于听辨的过程。所以大家首先要对口译的听辨过程有一个透彻的认识，以便有针对性地进行练习，以提高自己的听辨能力。

口译中的听辨过程和大家平时在英语学习中所接受的听力训练是不同的，但二者又有一定的联系。

首先，具备良好的听力水平是培养好的听辨能力的基础。换句话说，如果一个人的外语听力有问题，那么无论他的语言表达能力有多强，他都很难胜任口译工作。然而光有好的听力还不够，因为听辨过程还涉及到其他方面的能力。这一点可以从听力训练与听辨过程的区别中看出来。

1．英语的听力训练中比较注重语言层面，也就是说他们会十分注意语音、语调和语言的表达及用法等。而译员在听辨过程中所注重的是意思，或是讲话者的意图而不是具体的词句表达。所以译员在听到一段话之后在头脑中形成的是一个有逻辑关系的语意整体，而不仅仅是词句的简单集合。

2．听力练习中主要启动听觉系统，理解只是一个被动而附带的过程。而译员在听辨过程中不仅要启动听觉系统，还要启动大脑中的分析理解机制和记忆机制。也就是说译员要边听、边分析、边理解、边记忆。所以，与一般的外语学习相比较而言，专业译员要具有更强的分析能力，要会“一心多用”。

3．在听的过程中，信息接收是被动和跟随性的，对信息的反映略显滞后。而译员的听辨过程是积极而主动的。在听的过程中伴有很大程度的预测和判断行为。常常需要调动非语言因素对所听内容进行分析、整理、补充和联想等。

4．用作听力训练的材料，信息比较清晰，杂音干扰较少。而译员在口译工作中所处的信息环境是现场性的，因此不确定性因素较多；信息干扰、信息缺失时有发生。而且，讲话者以交流为唯一目的，在信息发布过程中并不照顾或考虑译员的状态。

综上所述，口译的听辨过程较一般外语听力训练过程要复杂得多，对能力的要求也要高得多。大家需要建立这样一个意识，即口译的过程不是一个信息背诵加字词翻译的过程。而是一个通过听辨将信息接收、理解，再用译入语将理解了的信息加以表达的过程。以下提供一些训练方法供大家参考，以英语听辨能力的训练为主。

1．可以选择一些英文有声资料（最好是现场讲话）或是请练习搭档模拟现场发言。听过一段话后，在不记笔记的情况下用源语（英文）进行复述。注意在听的过程中要把注意力从词句表达上移开，而专注于整段话的逻辑意思。在复述时不要拘泥于原文的词句，更不要试图背原话。意思和逻辑关系要尽量复述的准确完整。

2．在听辨训练的初级阶段，如果还不能完全掌握边听、边分析、边记忆的技能，可采取就所听内容进行提问的方式建立逻辑关系。比如可以将注意力放在WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 等几个要素上。通过这种方式增强逻辑分析意识，努力跟上讲话人的思路，从而对所听语篇有一个正确的理解。

3．每段讲话的长度可随熟练程度的加强而逐步增加：比如从听几句话到听一小段，从一小段到一大段到数段等。并且可以尝试听各种不同风格的讲话。选题也可以从比较熟悉的领域逐步扩展到比较陌生的领域，以培养临场适应能力和分析综合的能力。

练习1：

要求，认真听原文，不要记笔记，根据WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 几大要素总结段落大意。

Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea.People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive.It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity.Some of them were not sure how to use it.They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves.Then they served them mixed with butter and salt.They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.What's the general idea of this short passage? Compared with the Chinese, People in Europe, particularly in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, and how to use it.They cooked tea leaves as vegetable and served them with butter and salt and even made them part of Children's sandwiches.练习2 Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea.Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added.She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk.Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it.Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.General idea：

Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.?? On the continent, people used to drink tea without milk until a French lady invented the habit of drinking tea with milk.003 词汇积累

二、主题练习——会议致辞词汇

词汇积累

（致）欢迎/开幕/闭幕词(deliver/make)a welcome/opening/closing speech/address/lecture 开/闭/揭幕式 opening/closing/unveiling ceremony

举行烈士纪念碑的揭幕典礼 unveil a monument to the martyrs 为展览会揭幕 inaugurate an exhibition 奠基典礼 foundation laying ceremony 开学典礼 school’s opening ceremony

毕业典礼 graduation ceremony /commencement 开国大典 founding ceremony of a state 婚礼 wedding ceremony 庆典 celebration 答谢宴会 return banquet 晚宴 evening reception/dinner 招待会/宴会 reception 冷餐招待会 buffet reception 联欢/新年/篝火晚会 get-together/spring festival/campfire party 酒会 cocktail party 宣布…开幕 declare…open;declare the commencement of … 宣布…闭幕 declare the closing/conclusion of … 陛下 Your/His/Her Majesty 殿下 Your/His/Her(Royal/Imperial/Serene)Highness 阁下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency 贵宾们 distinguished guests 尊敬的主席先生respectable/honorable/respected Mr.President 至此… 之际 on the occasion of 代表… on behalf of …

我愿借此机会… I would like to take this opportunity to …/ I would like to avail myself of this great opportunity to …

我代表中国政府向各位来宾表示热烈欢迎，对会议的召开表示衷心祝贺!On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.最后，祝各位在北京生活愉快，并祝会议圆满成功!

Finally, I wish a full success of the conference and wish you all a pleasant stay here in Beijing.

第二篇：英语口译实务二级

Thank you, Lord Hurd , for those kind words.It is an honor and pleasure to be here.When l left Brussels yesterday, it was 12 degrees Celsius and hailing.赫德勋爵，感谢您的美言。

Here, it was 25 degrees and sunny.我很荣幸也很高兴来到这里。昨天我离开布鲁塞尔时，那里还下着冰雹，气温只有12撮氏度，而这里则阳光明媚，气温高迭25撮氏度。

Speaking of climate change, I don't understand why you British are always complaining about the weather.说到这样的气候差异，我不明白为什么你们英国人还总是抱怨天气不好。

I confess I am a little intimidated, Lord Hurd, at being moderated by a veteran statesman of your distinction.赫德勋爵，说实话，您这样一位声名显赫的资深政治家为我做引见令我有些诚惶诚恐。

When I first accepted the gracious invitation to address this Institute, I was especially excited about the prospect of speaking under the Chatham House Rule.最初接受来贵所演讲的盛情邀请时，一想到将有机会按照英国皇家国际事务研究院规则 演讲，我就特剐兴奋。

I understand the rule means the audience is free to use the information received at the meeting, but may not reveal the identity of the speaker, nor his affiliation.我知道，按照这一规则，听众可以自由引用会上所获信息，但不得披露演讲者身份及其所属组织。I thought to myself, now there's a rule we should apply from time to time at the United Nations.我心想，我们在联合国也应当不时采用这一规则。

I could get my message across, but keep a low profile at the same time.这样我既可以表达想法，还能同时保持低调。

And conversely* those interested in grand-standing would have one less opportunity to do so.而反过来，那些喜欢抛头露面的人则少了一个炫耀的机会。But it was not to be.可这次演讲将不启用这一规则。

Having understood that this event is on the record, I will have to wait for another occasion to experience the Chatham House Rule at first hand.我知道这次活动会记录在案，我只好另找机会亲身感受这一规则了。

Mr.Niblett, Director of Chatham House, 英国皇家国际事务研究所所长宁布莱特先生，Excellencies, 阁下们

Ladies and gentlemen , 女士们，先生们：

It is truly a privilege to join such a distinguished group of experts and scholars, diplomats and opinion-makers, politicians and not least, representatives of civil societywho by then had become the UK Ambassador to the UNand the world as a whole-has come to appear much complicated.自那时起，联合国乃至整个世界似乎变得更加复杂。So have the challenges confronting our Organization.联合国所面临的挑战也是如此。

The perception of us is no longer so black and white, and tends now to be drawn in various shades of gray.如今，人们对我们的看法不再是非黑即白，而是倾向于不同程度的灰色。But if you are an optimist, as I am, you will paint the UN in brighter colors.但是，如果你们和我一样，是乐观主义者，那么你们会用更明快的色彩来勾画联合国。

You will know that our world of complex and global challenges is exactly the environment in which our United Nations should thrive-because these are challenges that no country can resolve on its own.你们会知道，我们的世界充满了复杂的全球性挑战，而这正是联合国应该蓬勃发展的大好环境，因为任何一个国家都无法单独应对这些挑战。

It is a world in which the UN can, and must, grow and take on new roles, develop and deliver on new fronts.正是在这样的世界中，联合国能够并且必须成长壮大，承担新的任务，开辟新的战线并在那里有所作为。

Thank you very much.多谢各位.

第三篇：英语口译二级精讲班第8讲课件讲义

英语口译二级精讲班第8讲课件讲义（环球职业教育在线）

英语口译二级精讲班第8讲讲义

主题练习（下）

主题练习——教育

在实施“科教兴国”和“人才强国”战略，全面建设小康社会的进程中，中国政府将推动教育事业持续健康协调快速发展，构建完善的国民教育体系和终身教育体系，培养数以亿计的高素质劳动者，数以千万计的专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才，并促进教育与科技创新、经济建设、文化繁荣和社会进步的紧密结合。//

2003年12月30日，新一届国家科技教育领导小组召开第二次全体会议，听取了教育部关于制定《2003-2007年教育振兴行动计划》和《国家西部地区“两基”攻坚计划》的汇报1。//

《2003-2007年教育振兴行动计划》，明确了今后5年我国教育工作的方向、任务和目标，对教育改革和发展提出了具体要求。《国家西部地区“两基”攻坚计划》，对实现西部地区基本普及九年义务教育、基本扫除青壮年文盲做出了具体部署。//

实施这两个计划，对于提高全民族的素质，对于经济和社会的全面、协调和可持续发展，具有重大意义2。教育部将按照会议要求，从“科教兴国”、“人才强国”和推进西部大开发的战略高度，认真实施这两个计划。//

今后，中国教育将按照“巩固成果、深化改革、提高质量、持续发展”的方针，全面推进各级各类教育持续健康协调快速发展。//

——重点推进农村教育的改革和发展。中国70％的人口在农村，农村（含县镇）义务教育阶段学生高达1.6亿。2004年，将实施国家西部地区“两基”攻坚计划，用五年的时间，在西部地区实现基本普及九年义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲的目标，让西部的孩子们都能上学，打赢西部地区“两基”攻坚战；//

已经实现“普九”目标的地区特别是中西部地区，要巩固“两基”成果，全面提高普及九年义务教育和全面提高义务教育质量。经济发达的农村地区要高水平、高质量“普九”。同时，积极推进农村中小学现代远程教育工程，进一步健全完善“以县为主”的农村义务教育管理体制。//

——加大实施“高等学校3教学质量与教学改革工程”的力度，进一步深化高等学校的教学改革，进一步提高教育质量，努力提高人才培养质量4。集中力量，重点加强高水平大学和重点学科建设，通过“985工程”和“211”工程的二期建设，在全国范围内逐步形成布局合理、各具特色和优势的重点学科体系。

During the process of implementing the strategy of “Rejuvenating

China through Science and Education” and “Develop China by Talent”

and developing an overall well-off society, the Chinese government

will further promote the sustainable, healthy, cohesive and rapid

development of education, build up a perfect national educational

system and a lifelong learning system, produce billions of high

qualified labors, millions of specialized professionals and a

large group of outstanding innovative talents, and promote a close

integration between education and innovation in science and

technology, economic construction, cultural prosperity and social

progress.//

On December 30, 2003, the National Steering Group for Science，Technology and Education under the new cabinet held the second

meeting and heard the report by the Ministry of Education on

“Action Plan for Rejuvenating Education 2003-2007” and “The

Program for Strategic Breakthrough in the Universalization of

Nine-Year Compulsory Education and Eradication the Illiteracy

among Middle-aged and Young Group in the West”.//

The “Action Plan for Rejuvenating Education 2003-2007” identifies

the direction, tasks and objectives of educational development in

China for the next 5 years, clarifying the detailed requirements

for educational reform and development.Meanwhile, “The Program

for Strategic Breakthrough in the Universalization of Nine-Year

Compulsory Education and Eradication the Illiteracy among

Middle-aged and Young Group in the West” puts forward the details

on the universlization of NYCE and the eradication of illiteracy

among middle-aged and young group in the western areas.//

The implementation of these two Programs will play an important

role in improving the overall national quality and pursuing

cohesive and sustainable development of economy and society.The

Ministry of Education will comply with the requirement set by the

meeting and carry out the two programs carefully from the

strategic perspective of rejuvenating China through science，technology and education, developing China through talents, and

promoting the process of Grand Western Development.//

In the future, the educational work in China will follow the

principle of “consolidating existing achievements, deepening

reform, improving quality and pursuing sustainable development” to

promote the overall, healthy, rapid and sustainable development of

education of various forms and at all levels.//

The first priority is to promote the educational reform and

development in rural areas.In China, 70% of the population

inhabits in rural areas and the students in primary and secondary

schools in rural areas have amounted to 160 million.2004 will

witness the implementation of “The Program for Strategic

Breakthrough in the Universalization of Nine-Year Compulsory

Education and Eradication the Illiteracy among Middle-aged and

Young Group in the West”.It is planned that in the next five

years, the universalization of NYCE and eradication of illiteracy

will be realized in the western areas so that all the children in

the west can have access to education, fulfilling the purpose of

the Program.// In those western and central areas where the NYCE

has been universalized, the achievements are to be consolidated

and quality of the NYCE and compulsory education should be further

improved.In the areas with developed economy, the NYCE should be

universalized at a higher level with better quality.At the same

time, we will promote the development of Modern Distance Program

for Primary and Secondary Schools in Rural Areas and try to

improve the management system for compulsory education in rural

areas in which the county will act as the main management body.//

We will intensify our efforts in implementing the “Program on

Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform in HEIs” and in the deepening

of teaching reform in HEIs so that the quality of higher education

and the quality of talents produced by higher education can be

further improved.We will concentrate our resources to strengthen

the efforts in developing world class universities and key

disciplines.By carrying out the second round of 985 Program and

211 Project, a system for key disciplines with reasonable

structure and inpidual advantages and characteristics can be

built up.口译讲评 Comments on Interpretation

1．中国人善于归纳概括，汉语词汇大多内涵丰富，涵盖面广，因此，在翻译成英语时，我们不能照字面意思直译，而需要将其中所包含的信息明确化，特别是在讲话中首次出现时，需要适当加以解释。《国家西部地区“两基”攻坚计划》，其中“两基”的含义是指普及九年义务教育和扫除青壮年文盲现象，因此应当将这一信息完整地译出来：“the

Program for Strategic Breakthrough in the Universalization of

Nine-Year Compulsory Education and Eradication of the Illiteracy

among Middle-aged and Young Group in the West”而不能模糊地译成“the Program

for Strategic Breakthrough in the Two

Generals”。再比如，被评为“门前三包单位”，首先得了解“包”的具体含义，然后才可以着手翻译。“包”是指每个单位必须负责门前的清洁、绿地等，保证门前没有烟头、废纸、果皮等废弃物品，因此不能简单地译成“a

model unit with three responsibilities”，而应当将信息明确化，可译为“a model unit

in sanitation and environmental protection”。

2．“实施这两个计划，对于提高全民族的素质，对于经济和社会的全面、协调和可持续发展，具有重大意义。”

在汉英翻译中，可进行各种词类的转换，例如汉语动词转成英语名词、形容词、介词；汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词，汉语名词转换成英语动词，等。其中，汉语动词转化成英语名词尤为普遍。在该句话中，动词短语“实施这两个计划”可以转化为名词性短语

“the implementation of these two Programs”

。此外，整个句子的语序需要调整，与汉语不同，英语中表示结果和归纳性的成分通常放在句子前面，所以译为“The

implementation of these two programs will play an important role

in improving the overall national quality and pursuing cohesive

and sustainable development of economy and society”。

3．“高等学校”译为：“Higher Education Institutes”，缩写形式为“HEIs”。

4．汉语讲求意合，重在内在联系，不求形式连接，因此，汉语使用连接词少，句子结构多以并列为多，而英语通常需要用连接词来表明词与词，词组与词组以及句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，相对而言，英语中主从句结构较多。因此，对于汉语中多层次的并列结构，应当分析其逻辑结构，找出隐含的层次关系。例如“加大实施‘高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程’的力度，进一步深化高等学校的教学改革，进一步提高教育质量，努力提高人才培养质量”。加大实施„„和深化教学改革可以列为并列层次，而后面的两句话则是前两个举动的结果，可译为“We

will intensify our efforts in implementing the „Program on

Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform in HEIs‟and in the deepening

of teaching reform in HEIs so that the quality of higher education

and the quality of talents produced by higher education can be

further

improved”。如果四个层次的并列关系在英语中都用and来表示，那么英译文将显得十分笨拙，难以让读者看清这四层关系。

第四篇：中级口译讲义

中级口译讲义

口试“政治类”：

We established our friendly and cooperative relations on the understanding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of mutual respect and equality,and mutual benefit.//We believe that it is absolutely important that all nations ,big or small,strong or weak,should establish and maintain their relations on these principles.//We appreciate the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of small and developing countries.//We also appreciate China’s firm support in our economic development.//I look forward,in the next few days,to the opportunity of learning something from your experience on promoting economic and social development in the interest of your people.// 我们建立友好合作关系时是基于这样一种认识，即我们要在相互尊重和平等互利的基础上发展我们的友谊。//我们认为，所有国家，无论大小强弱，都应该在这些原则 的基础上建立和维持相互间的关系，这是至关重要的。//我们赞赏中国关注和理解小国和发展中国家所遇到的问题，我们赞赏中国对我们经济发展的有力支持。//我期待在今后的几天里有机会向你们请教，学习你们为造福贵国人民而促进经济和社会发展的经验。// 2.(26)Mr.President,I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks.At this very moment through the wonder of telecommunications,many people are hearing what we say today.//Yes,right now the whole world is watching us.Though what we say here ill soon be forgoten,what we do here will change the world.//We have a social and political system which differs in many respects from your own.It is the result of different experiences and a different tradition.//Given our distinct histories,geographies and cultures,it is inconceivable that we could seee eye to eye on all issues.However,we do agree on the fundamental need for world peace.// 主席先生，我要感谢您那热情洋溢、雄辩无比的演讲。此时此刻，许多人正在通过神奇的电讯设备倾听着我们的讲话。//是的，此时此刻整个世界都在关注着我们。虽然我们在此所作的演讲很快便会被人们遗忘，但是我们在此的作为却能改变世界。//我国的社会制度和政治制度在许多方面都与贵国的社会制度和政治制度不同。这源于我们不同的经历和不同的传统。//鉴于我们有着截然不同的历史、地理和文化，很难想象我们会对所有问题都有一致的看法。但是对世界和平的基本需求，我们的看法是一致的。// 3.(33)I have come to China for the beautiful future of our two countries.I am firmly convinced that ,together,we two peoples can and will make tomorrow a better day.//We may be distinctly different in language,customs,and political beliefs,but on many vital questions of our time there is little distance between the American and Chinese people.//China’s economy advances with the dynamics of change.Unlike some governments,which fear change and fear the future,China is beginning to scale new 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.teniu.cc

heights.//On behalf of all the members of my delegation,I’d like to express our highest respect for your courage and welcome the opportunity to walk by your side.// 我来中国是为了我们两国美好的未来。我坚信我们两国人民能够，也一定会共同建设美好的未来。//我们可以有两种截然不同的语言、习俗和政治信仰，但在我们这个时代的许多至关重要的问题上，我们两国人民之间几乎没有距离。//中国经济突飞猛进，日新月异。与一切惧怕变革，惧怕未来的国家不同，中国开始迈向新的高度。//我谨代表本代表团成员向你们所表现出的勇气致敬，并欢迎有此机会与你们并肩前进。// “旅游类”：

1.Bristol is a truly beautiful,interesting and fascinating city.Beautiful parks and gardens leak onto interesting lanes and footpaths,while houses and buildings of old times stand magnificently on the hills of the city.//But Bristol is much more than this;it is a modern city where the latest works in contemporary arts can be found and where the night-life is interesting and varied.//Bristol is surrounded by beautiful countryside,rolling hills,and top class holiday resorts.Some of the country’s most fascinating tourist attractions-castles and palaces-are only a short drive away.//Bristol has always envouraged the tourist industry and welcomed tourist from all parts of the world.There is a superb choice of acommodation available and the city is proud of its many restaurants and cafes.// 布里斯托尔的确是一座非常美丽、有趣和迷人的城市。美丽的公园和花园里到处是趣味盎然的路径，旧时代的房屋和建筑昂然挺立在城市的山坡上。//然而，布里斯托尔并非仅仅如此；那还是座现代化的城市，有当代艺术的最新作品，也有有趣和丰富多样的夜生活。//布里斯托尔的四周有美丽的乡村，起伏不断的山地，以及一流的度假胜地。从这里出发到一些全国最迷人的旅游景点，如城堡和宫殿，只有短短的一段车程。//布里斯托尔一向重视旅游业，欢迎来自世界各地的游客。当地有一流的住宿可供选择，还有其引以为豪的众多餐馆和咖啡馆。// 2.上海既是一座历史文化名城，也是当今中国最为繁荣的经济中心之一，成为人们向往的观光胜地。//上海为旅游者在各方面提供了良好的基础设施。在上海旅游，不仅方便愉快，而且安全舒适。//上海要长久吸引旅游者，就应该切实做好各项旅游服务工作，让游客获得宾至如归的服务。//我们希望而且相信，上海会使每一位旅游者流连忘返，“乐不思蜀”，给每一位旅游者留下了美好的回忆。// Shanghai,a famous historical and cultural city,and one of the most prosperous economic centers in China,has become a famous scenic spot that people look forward to visiting.//Shanghai provides tourists with a good infrastructure in every aspect.Touring in Shanghai is not only convenient and pleasant,but also safe and comfortable.//To maintain a lasting charm for tourists,Shanghai should earnestly do a good job in all kinds of tourist services to make them feel at home.//We hope and believe that Shanghai will make every tourist stay a longer time and become too 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.teniu.cc

delighted to be homesick.A nice memory of the city will linger in the heart of every tourist.// 3.阳朔是个小镇，人口不足三万。它极富盛名，每年有成千上万的游客趋之若骛，从世界各地涌来。//1998年美国前总统比尔.克林顿来到这里，面对美不胜收的景致，不忍匆匆离去，以致推迟其香港之行。//阳朔最吸引人的地方就是板石街，又名“西洋街”。该街总长一千米，有一千四百一十年历史。//街道两旁有数百家商店，主要出售外国人喜欢的仿古制品和纪念品。徜徉小街，游人会惊喜地发现在这里东西方文明是如此的水乳交融。// Yangshuo is a small country of less than 30,000 people.Nevertheless,it is so famous that it woos thousands of tourists worldwide all the year round.//In 1998,former US president Bill Clinton came here and delayed his trip to Hong Kong because he was reluctant to leave such a lovely place too soon.//The most tempting place in Yanghuo is the Slabstone Street,which has gained a new name as “The Western Street”.The street,with a total length of 1,000 meters,spans a history of 1,410 years.//On both sides of the street are a few hundred shops,selling mainly souvenirs and antiques to(cater for)the foreigners’ tastes.Strolling on the street,tourists will be amazed to find that Eastern and Western culture blend so well here.// 口试“教育类”：

1.Some universities,like Oxford and Cambridge in Britain,are residential,which means students live and study on campus.Other universities are non-residential,which means students have to spend a lot of time to travel daily to their lectures.//There are also part-time students who have to do their work during the day,and they study in the evening.Other part-time students have to study by correspondence.//”The Open Universities”can also help students to gain university degrees.Here,lectures are mainly given on radio or television.However,for a few weeks each year,students can attend vacation courses at universities.//For admission to any university degree course,a student has to pass qualifying examinations.In Britain,there are not enough places for asll secondary school students,so these qualifying examinations are highly competitive.// 英国有些大学，如牛津和剑桥提供学生住宿，这就是说学生在校园里学习和生活。其他一些学校则不提供住宿，也就是说学生每天要花不少时间到学校去听讲座。//还有一些利用业余时间学习的学生，他们白天必须工作，晚上学习。还有些业余学生则不得不通过函授学习。//“开放大学”也能帮助学生取得大学学位，大学主要通过广播或电视播出讲座。但是每年有几个星期，学生能在大学里参加假期班的学习。//要想攻读任何大学学位课程，学生必须通过入学资格考试。由于在英国没有足够的名额让所有中学生进入大学，因此，这些入学考试具有很强的竞争性。// 2.Last year a research was carried out on the skills of university students.The findings confirm the worry of employers about the lack of basic skills in some university graduates.//The research showed that less than 20% of all university students achieves 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.teniu.cc

the levels expected of them in the three key skills,that is,communication,the application of number and information technology.//Some teachers and experts have argued that there are two other key skills which the university students might be expected to show.These skills are to improve their own learning and to work with others.//If we add in these skills,the research showed that only about a dozen university students among nearly two hundred who were tested scored top marks,which is,of course,a very disappointing and uncomfortable figure.// 去掉开展了一次对大学生技能的调查研究。调查结果证实了雇主们对某些大学生缺乏基本技能这一现象的担忧。//调查显示只有不到20%的大学生在三项基本技能方面达到了预期的标准。这三项技能包括交际、数学以及(处理)信息技术。//有些老师和专家认为大学生还应该具备另外两项基本技能，那就是如何提高自己的学习能力和同他人共事的能力。//如果我们加上这两项技能，调查研究显示在接受测试的近200名大学生中，只有12名左右取得了高分，这个数字理所当然是令人十分失望和不安的。// 3.大多数人认为，书本和课本基本上是一回事，其实这种想法是完全错误的。//书本并不仅仅是指课本。如果我们仅仅通过课本去学习，这就意味着我们把自己局限于生活中很狭小的一个方面。//大多数教育专家都强调“终身学习”的重要性，认为继续教育的一个重要途径就是阅读各种书籍和报纸杂志。//他们指出，学习永无止境，是个连续不断的过程。每一个人都可以，也完全可以做到：活到老学到老。// It is a view held by most people that books and textbooks mean almost the same thing,which ,actually,is all wrong.//Books are not just textbooks,and if we only read textbooks,it means that we are concentrating only on one small aspect of life.//Most education experts stress the importance of life-long learning,thinking that an important way of continuing one’s education is by reading books,magazines,and newspapers on every subject.//They point out that education never ends.It is a continuous process.All of us may,and are entirely able to ,accomplish this kind of life-long education.The day we stop learning is the day when we die.4.松江大学城作为本市最大的大学社区，于昨日正式启用，迎接来自上海外国语大学、上海外贸学院及立信会计学院三所高校的5500名新生。//该大学城占地306公顷，其中240公顷用于教室等各类教学设施，其他用于寝室食堂和商店。整座大学城的建成将耗资25亿人民币。//松江大学城的建立，旨在使大学生得到全面、健康的发展，即每个学生都得以在德、智、体、美各个方面 有所提高。//按计划，今年年底松江大学城将完成一批大型体育综合设施-包括运动场和体育馆。据市教育部门的官员说，这些设施能承担国际性的比赛。// Songjiang College Town,Shanghai’s first planned university community,officially opened yesterday,welcoming 5,500 freshmen from the three institutions of higher learning,that is,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade and Lixin Accounting College.//The college town has an area of 306 hectares,of which 240 hectares will be developed for educational facilities such as the classrooms and rest for 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.teniu.cc

dorms,cafeterias and stores.//The(setting-up of the)college town is to met the ducational objective that every student has an overall healthy development while studying in the town.That is,every student is given the best opportunity to grow morally,intellectually,physically and aesthetically.//Scheduled for completion at year’s end is a massive sports complex-with stadiums and gymnasium that can be used for international competitions,according to city education officials.// 口试“礼仪发言类”：

1.Your Honor Mr.Mayor,thank you very much for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.In the short period of the two week study tour,we have travelled much of your country.// Those were indeed exciting and unforgettable days.We have experienced the warm reception,the utmost courtesy and genuine friendship of the Chinese people.//

We have been deeply impressed by the persity,dynamism,and progress of China under the policies of reform and opening up to the outside world.// We are glad that we are part of the dramatic process of your change from the planned economy to the market-oriented economy.The cooperative relations between our two countries have become so extensive that they have affected almost all areas of economy.//(2000,3)尊敬的市长先生，感谢您的精心安排与好客。在短暂的两周考察中，我们曾到过贵国的许多地方。// 那些日子确实别人激动，令人难忘。我们感觉到的总是中国人民的热情接待，彬彬有礼和诚挚友情。// 中国在改革开放政策引导下，气象万千，充满活力，不断进步，这些给我们留下了极为深刻的印象。// 贵国正处于一个由计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程，我们很高兴能参加与这个富有戏剧性的转轨过程。我们的合作关系领域广阔，几乎已涉及所有的经济领域。// 2.主席先生，女士们，先生们，我宣布英特网服务国际研讨会开幕，在此我向参加开幕式的各界来宾表示热烈的欢迎。// 英国和澳大利亚的有关公司与专家对本次研讨会的成功召开给予了很大的帮助，对此我谨致以诚挚的谢意。// 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.teniu.cc

海外一些发达国家在推动英特网服务事业方面积累了不少经验，值得我们借鉴和学习，通过交流，我们可以得到更多的信息与体会。// 我相信，本次研讨会对于推动英特网在中国的广泛使用具有积极的作用和深远的意义。我预祝研讨会圆满成功。// Mr.Chairman,ladies and gentlemen,I declare open the International Symposium on Internet Service.I’d like to extend a warm welcome to our guests from various circles.// I wish to express our sincere thanks to the British and Australian companies and their specialists whose generous help has made possible the successful commencement of this symposium.// Some overseas developed countries have accumulated much experience in promoting Internet service.And their experience deserves our reference and study.Through exchange,we will be able to acquire more information and knowledge.// I believe the symposium will be constructive and significant in popularizing the use of Internet service in China.I wish the symposium a complete success.//

3.我谨代表我们一行的全体成员，感谢董事长先生的盛情邀请，参加你们的圣诞晚会。// 圣诞节确实是一年中的一段美好时光。圣诞团圆晚会是人类热情，团结，以及奉献的象征。// 今年庆祝圣诞节对我们所有人来说更有意义，因为今年我们的合资企业的销售有了显著增长。// 我希望我们能保持这种务实的合作关系，使明年的业绩更加辉煌。让我们共同举杯，为明年再创佳绩干杯。// On behalf of all the members of my group,I’d like to thank you,Mr.Chairman,for your gracious invitation for us to attend such an enjoyable Christmas party.// Christmas is really a wonderful time of a year.The christmas get-together party is symbolic of the warmth,union,and decication of mankind.// The celebration of Christmas this year is more meaningful to all of us,because our joint venture has had a remarkable sales growth this year.// 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.teniu.cc

I hope we will be able to maintain this practical cooperative relationship and make the coming new year a more fruitful year.May I ask you to make a toast with me to a better business in the coming year.4.今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学两次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。//我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人以及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈欢迎。//我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问，必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系作出重要的贡献。//明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。// It gives us great pleasure to play host tonight to our old friends,Dr.and Mrs.Green in Beijing University once again.//On behalf of the faculty ,students and staff of the university ,I wish to extend our warm welcome to Dr.and Mrs.Green and other distinguished New Zealand guests.//I am convinced that Dr.Green’s current visit to our university will surely make an important contribution to further strengthening the friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries.//Our distinguished guests will leave for Nanjing and Shanghai tomorrow.I wish you all a pleasant journey.// 要翻促进发展，一律promote development；要翻许多，通通many。诸如此类的词汇，被笔者称之为“滥词”，即被用到泛滥的词汇。

如果是追求反应速度和效率的口译部分，这样的译文当然没有问题。可是在时间充裕的笔译部分，这样的简单词汇无疑会令译文质量打上折扣。至少，无法让阅卷人眼前一亮，难获高分。

出于对以上问题的考虑，笔者总结了中高级口译考试汉英翻译题中出现频率最高的30个常用单词/词组的替换方案，以期帮助同学在短时间内积累一定的亮点词汇。

需要提醒同学们注意的有两点。一是各个亮点词汇绝不是被替换词的同义词，不可胡乱使用，其具体用法请自行查阅词典。如waste的替换词中，squander是动词，luxurious是形容词，用法完全不同。二是建议同学在此基础上继续自行积累，多多益善，方能在考场上厚积薄发。（1）give给，提供

offer，supply，provide，furnish，distribute，allocate（2）get得到

receive/accept，gain，acquire，obtain，attain，earn（3）many/much/a lot of/lots of许多 a large number of，a multitude of，plenty of an enormous amount/huge amounts of，a great/good deal of（4）poor贫穷的

poverty-stricken，destitute，impoverished（5）rich富有的

wealthy，well off，affluent，prosperous（6）certainly一定

inevitable，unavoidable，be doomed to，be bound to 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.teniu.cc

（7）all所有，全部

universal，widespread，prevalent，whole，entire（8）enough足够

ample，sufficient，adequate（9）show显示，展现

indicate，demonstrate，illustrate，suggest，display，showcase（10）risk/danger危险

hazard，peril，jeopardize，endanger，menace（11）way方法，办法，手段

measure，method，means，approach（12）catch，attractive吸引，有吸引力的 obsess，immerse，fascinate，enchant charming，inviting，alluring，appealing（13）harm/damage破坏（的），有害（的）

destructive，devastating，detrimental，undermine（14）useful/helpful有用的

effective，practical，valuable，invaluable，conducive（15）great/wonderful伟大的

incredible，amazing，sublime，extraordinary，magnificent，glorious（16）try，effort努力

endeavor，strive to do sth/for sth（17）famous著名的

well-known，celebrated，noted，eminent，renowned（18）difficulty困难，困境

adversity，hardship，plight，predicament setback，hurdle，obstacle（19）focus on集中 center on，concentrate on（20）so所以

consequently，therefore，as a result（21）because因为

as a result of；attribute/ascribe A to B（22）press(ure)压力

place/put a(heavy)burden on；strain（23）about大约

approximately，roughly（24）cooperate合作

Collaborate，join hands in doing sth（25）waste浪费（的）Squander，fritter，luxurious（26）save/economical节约（的）Thrifty，conserve 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.teniu.cc

（27）develop发展

Thrive，evolve，burgeon（28）promote促进

Boost，give a boost to，accelerate（29）delay，postpone暂缓，延期 shelve（30）deal with应对，处理

Cope w ith，grapple with，address，tackle 需要提醒同学们注意的有两点。一是各个亮点词汇绝不是被替换词的同义词，不可胡乱使用，其具体用法请自行查阅词典。如choose/choice的替换词中，opt是动词，alternative是名词，用法完全不同。

二是建议同学在此基础上继续自行积累，多多益善，方能在考场上厚积薄发。

31、Increase增加

Hike，soar；multiply

32、Reduce减少

Lower，Shrink，slash，trim

33、brave勇敢的，大胆的Audacious，bold

34、careful谨慎的，仔细的Cautious；meticulous；vigilant

35、interest兴趣

intrigue

36、sad悲伤，哀痛

lament for/over，mourn

37、happy，glad高兴，快乐

delighted

38、replace代替

Substitute，supplant

39、want想要

be eager/keen/anxious to do，long/yearn for sth/to do sth，desire for，aspire to do sth 40、ability能力，才能

Capacity，capability；flair，talent

41、ease减轻，减缓，减弱

Alleviate；relieve；wane

42、plan计划

strategy，program，scheme，work/figure out

43、understand理解

Fathom，grasp

44、people人民

citizen，general public，average/ordinary people

45、cause导致，引起

lead to；result in；lead to；give rise to；trigger；contribute to sth 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.teniu.cc

arouse，inspire，spur

46、come from源自于

originate/stem/spring/derive from

47、choose/choice选择

Opt for/to do；alternative

48、fight against打击，斗争

Counter，Battle against；Crack down on；clamp down(hard)on

49、suffer from遭受

Endure，be plagued by，be subject to；be vulnerable to 50、face面对

Confront；be confronted with；brave

51、Different不同，差异

Distinct，separate；at odds with

52、same相同，相等，一致

Identical，equivalent，be consistent with，tally with

53、criticize批评

Lambast；slam sb for doing sth

54、strength加强，强化

Intensify；cement

55、change改变，变化，改动

Alter，vary；adjust

56、organization组织，单位

Outfit

57、prevent/stop阻止，禁止

forbid，prohibit，hinder，curb

58、begin/start开始，着手

embark on；launch，initiate

59、finish/complete完成

accomplish，fulfill，achieve，complete 60、completely/fully完全，十足，彻底

Entirely，thoroughly，utterly，outright

总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 10

电话：8522-0400

www.teniu.cc 网址：

第五篇：英语口译二级精讲班第4讲课件讲义

英语口译二级精讲班第4讲课件讲义（环球职业教育在线）

英语口译二级精讲班第4讲讲义

篇章练习中译英

二、篇章练习中译英

世界旅游组织秘书长弗朗加利先生，联合国常务副秘书长弗莱切特女士，各位代表，女士们，先生们：

十月的北京，天高气爽，秋色宜人。世界旅游组织第15届全体大会今天在这里隆重开幕1。我代表中国政府，向各位来宾表示诚挚的欢迎！向大会表示热烈的祝贺！//

旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动2。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展3。20世纪中叶以来，现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升，旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响4。//

古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求5。在古代，中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华6。新中国成立后特别是改革开放以来，中国政府高度重视旅游工作，旅游业持续快速发展，已经成为一个富有蓬勃活力和巨大潜力的新兴产业。//

目前，中国入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入跃居世界前列，出境旅游人数迅速增加，已经成为旅游大国7。

Mr.Francesco Frangialli, Secretary-General of the World Tourism

Organization,Ms.Louise Frechette, Deputy Secretary-General of the United

Nations,All Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen,At this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn

scenery in a most fresh air and clear weather, the 15th General

Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially

opened here.On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to

extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our

warm congratulations on the convening of this session.//

Tourism represents a kind of popular and pleasant activity that

combines sightseeing, recreation and outdoor exercise, and it has

been developing all along with the progress of the times.Since the

middle of the 20th century, modern tourism has been growing at a

fast pace around the world.The number of tourists has ever been on

the rise, the scale of the tourism industry has been on constant

expansion, and the position of tourism in the economy has been

obviously raised.Tourism serves gradually as an important bridge of

cultural exchange, friendship and further exchanges and exerts more

and more extensive influence on the human life and social progress

among various countries.//

From ancient times till now, tourism has demonstrated the happy wishof the people for more knowledge, varied experience and good health.In ancient times, ancient Chinese thinkers raised the idea of“appreciating the landscape through sightseeing”.Ancient People

also proposed to “travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand

books'', which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves

mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and

rivers.After the founding of New China, especially since the

opening up to the outside world and the reform, the Chinese

government has given profound attention to the tourism work, which

has been undergoing steady and fast growth as a newly emerging

dynamic and potentially strong industry.// Presently, China is now

a big tourism country.1.“十月的北京，天高气爽，秋色宜人。世界旅游组织第15届全体大会今天在这里隆重开幕。”这两个看似独立的汉语句子译成英文后变为一个带有时间状语的句子：“At

this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn

scenery in a most fresh air and clear weather, the 15th General

Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially

opened here.”

译员在翻译时既要考虑汉语在表达时要“忠实原文”，又要着力在英译文中体现合理的逻辑关系以便让英文听众较容易地理解和接受。所以权衡左右，得此译文。因为，如果按汉语原文的形式，把两个句子割裂开来，容易让听众觉得讲话者由天气到大会开幕之间的转换过于唐突和牵强。事实上如果了解中国人致开幕词的某些习惯就会知道，中国人喜欢在宣布某项盛事开幕之前，加上对这一时刻特殊性或是重要性的描述，甚至是进行某些客观情况的描述，诸如天气特点，季节特征等。例如：“值此金秋时节，„隆重召开了。”“在这月明中秋的良宵，我们欢聚一堂，共庆„”“艳阳高照，秋风送爽。在蛇年即将过去，马年新春即将来临之际，我们在这里隆重举行„”在现场口译时，如遇到此类“起兴”的描述，译员可考虑将其尽量简化后译为时间状语（从句），如:

“ On this beautiful autumn day, ” “ On this splendid mid-autumn

night,” “At the beginning of 2002, the year of the horse,”

等等。另外，第一句原文为“十月”修饰“北京”——“北京”为被修饰的中心成分；而译文中“十月”变为中心词，后面跟由“北京”作主语的定语从句。这是由于汉语独特的表达习惯所致。在翻译时要抛开原文表达的束缚，探究文字背后的逻辑意思。所以稍加分析，我们就可知道，北京因其十月而“天高气爽，秋色宜人”，所以“十月”为中心词，“北京”可安排为从句中的主语。

2．“旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。”此句中“是”译为：“represents”。为了体现语言的多样性和避免重复，除

“is„” 之外，译员还可考虑将“是„”译成其他动词，如 “represents” “constitutes„” “forms„”

“proves„” 等，有时还可视情况干脆译成系表结构以外的形式，例如：“„已是世界文化遗产之一”可译为: “„has been

included in the World Cultural Heritage List.”

3．“旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展。”译成英文时可以两句变一句，并把后一个“旅游业”用“it”代替。这主要是考虑到在表达承接的方法上，英语中多用代词，而汉语中多用重复。另外，通常情况下，汉语中短句较频繁，而英语中长句，复合句较多。

4．汉语中的一句：“20世纪中叶以来，现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升，旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。”被译成英文后变为了三句。这是由于汉语表达不太注重体现语言表面的层次性和逻辑性，这些要靠听者自己通过字里行间的意思去体会。所以在汉语中，几层意思经常揉在一起在一个层次中表达出来。而英语则比较注重语言层面上的条理性，通常会通过断句、代词、连词等语言手段来体现。在翻译时，译员为了达到好的传译效果，也为了方便自己的记忆，通常会将一段讲话先分成几个意群，然后按照逻辑分层译出。例如此举可分为三个层次：“20世纪中叶以来，现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起，//

（体现在）旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升，//

（结果是）旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。”故得此译文：”

Since the middle of the 20th century, modern tourism has been

growing at a fast pace around the world.The number of tourists has

ever been on the rise, the scale of the tourism industry has been on

constant expansion, and the position of tourism in the economy has

been obviously raised.Tourism serves gradually as an important

bridge of cultural exchange, friendship and further exchanges and

exerts more and more extensive influence on the human life and

social progress among various countries.”

5．在翻译“古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。”时，还是要理解在先。在我们用母语讲话时，有些用法不一定完全合乎语法要求，但听众一样能理解并接受我们的表达，这是由于我们都处在同一个语境中，有相同的上下文和类似的背景知识，所以交流并不成问题。但译员在翻译时就要动动脑筋，不能机械地按照自己听到的字词进行一对一的翻译。以本句为例，说旅游是一种美好追求，应该说这并不是一个常用的搭配。但稍经分析，就可发现此句实际是在说通过旅游，人们可以实现增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求；或是旅游体现了人们„的美好追求。故此句可译成:“tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more

knowledge, varied experience and good health” 或可译成：“tourism is aprocess through which people can realize their pursue for knowledge,varied experience and good health”。

6．‘在古代，中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。’经理解、整理后译为：“Inancient times, ancient Chinese thinkers raised the idea of

”appreciating the landscape through sightseeing“.Ancient People

also proposed to ”travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand

books'', which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves

mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and

rivers.” 译文中 “which shows they found pleasure in„”

是译者的补充，以承上启下，体现逻辑关系。另外，“承天地之灵气，接山水之精华”是典型的古汉语表达，万万不可机械翻译。可权宜解释为：“enriching

themselves mentally and

physically”.在翻译某些独具文化特色的语言现象时，要在充分理解的基础上，通过适当解释来达到翻译的目的，切不可字字对应地去翻译，或是望文生义、想当然地将其译成目的语中看似对应的表达。

7．“目前，中国入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入跃居世界前列，出境旅游人数迅速增加，已经成为旅游大国。”译成英文：＂Presently,China is already a big tourism country who ranks among the top

destinations in the world in terms of both tourist arrivals and

foreign currency receipts, and whose outbound tourists are also

increasing rapidly.”

在原文被译成英文后，表达顺序作了适当调整。这是由于汉语表达的习惯是先分述、再总结；先描述、再结论；而英语表达正好相反。另外，由于英汉语表达习惯不同，“中国入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入跃居世界前列”被译成英文：“(China)

ranks among the top destinations in the world in terms of both

tourist arrivals and foreign currency receipts.”