第一篇：初中英语知识点总结：主谓一致
在英语中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
一、语法一致
主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式.例如:
He often helps me learn English.(主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式).My friends often help me learn English.(主语是复数形式,谓语也采取复数形式)
但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单,有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待:
1、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.例如: Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。
What he said has been recorded.他说的话已被录音了.2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.但none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法。例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports.我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动.Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book.每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣.3、表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.例如: One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories.《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多有趣的故事。
4、a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.例如: The number of workers in the factory is 400.这个工厂里工人的数量是400.A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人.5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数.另外,由and连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数.例如: On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海边,有些人在打排球。
Both of us are fond of watching football games.我们俩都喜欢看足球赛.A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China.许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作.6、有些表示数量的百分数,分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式.如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数.例如: A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday.昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱.A lot of students are from England in the school.那个学校里很多学生来自英国。
二、意义一致
这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题.有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式.1)当主语后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including,more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是
状语.例如: The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊.The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊.我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语: The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.2)表示时间,金钱,距离,体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时,，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Eight hours of sleep is enough.八小时的睡眠足够了。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期.3)形容词前加定冠词即“the + 形容词”作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;指一类人则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数.例如: The sick here are very well cared for.这里的病人都被照顾得很好。The true is to be distinguished from the false.真实与虚假应加以区别。
4)由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)5)集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义:主语表示整体时视为单数,谓语动词用单数;主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数,谓语动词用复数.这类集体名词常见的有:army, class, club, crowd, family, government, group, people, police, public, team等.例如: The family are all fond of football.那一家人都喜欢足球.The family is the tiniest cell of the society.家庭是社会的最小的细胞.6)一些形式为复数,意思为单数的名词,如:trousers, pants, shorts,glasses, 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如:Her glasses are new.她的眼镜是新的.但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词应用单数.如: This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou.三、就近原则
这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等.例如: Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任.Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.他全家人和他都不知道那件事.常见考法
对于主谓一致的考查，通常会以单选的形式出现，多是让我们选择合适的谓语动词。典型例题：The factory, including its machines and buildings, __________ burnt last night.A.is B.are C.were D.was 解析：but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like等词连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致,本题中就是和The factory保持一致。而这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语.答案：D 误区提醒
主谓一致这一知识点比较琐碎，在运用中常会因为考虑不全面而出错，所以我们必须把每一种用法记住，灵活运用。尤其要注意就近原则、集体名词和百分数,分数短语作主语的情况。
典型例题：Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.A.were B.is C.was D.are 解析：本题考查的是就近原则。either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。本题中就是和Steven保持一致。有now.可知是现在进行时，排除A和C.答案：B
第二篇：主谓一致知识点总结
主谓一致知识点总结
由and 连接两个名词性主语时，and 后面的名词没有冠词，其谓语动词用单数
形式。由 and 连接两个名词作主语表示不同的人或事，句中的谓语动词用复数。
1.The worker and writer _________(work)in their factory.2.A cart and horse _________(see)in the distance.3.Mary and Rose ____________(like)English.二、有下列做主语的定语时，动词形式与主语一致：
主语+ with+ sth +V.(动词与主语保持一致)
together with
along with
but,(unlike)
except, including
besides;as well as
4.A famous doctor together with some nurses, _________ to help us.A.have sentB.has sentC.has been sentD.have been sent
5.No one except my parents _______ about it.A.knowB.knowsC.knowingD.to know
三、many a(n.), more than one +单数名词+动词单数形式（许多）
6.Many a student ______ collecting stamps.A.likeB.likingC.is likeD.likes
7.More than one student _______(have)been to BeiJing.四、Each,any,every,the number of,either,neither,no…and no…,no…,ea
ch…and each…,every…and every… 后跟单数名词，谓语动词也用第三人称单数。
8.The number of student ________(be)70.9.Neither of them _______(have)been to the Great Wall.10.No one except Jack and Tom _________ the answer.A.knowB.knowsC.is knowingD.are known
五、The +adj.(形容词名词化)指人，谓语用复数，指事用单数。
11.The wounded ________(have)been sent to hospital.12.The unusual __________(be)what he likes.13.The poor_________(not, have)enough food.六、none作主语时，若代表可数名词其谓语用单数，也可用复数
none作主语时，若代表不可数名词其谓语用单数。
14.None of us_______(have)a dictionary.15.None of them _________(like)the play.16.None of the work ________(have)been done.七、What, which, who, any, more, most, all等作主语时，其谓语动词可以用单数
也可以用复数，主要根据句子单复数来定。
17.Which ________(be)your dictionaries.18.Which ________(be)your room.19.All _________(go)well.八、表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
20.One hundred Li ________(be)covered in single night.21.Twenty dollars a week ________(be)the total of their income.22.Two hours ________(be)enough to do the work.23.The net two days _______(be)full of happiness.九、不可数名词前若有表数量的复数名词，当其作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
24.Fifteen tons of wheat _______(have)been burnt.25.Three bags of rice _________(be)100 dollars.十、在定语从句中谓语动词应和先行词保持一致。
26.I was the only peoson in my family who ________(be)invited.27.I was one of the persons in my family who ________(be)invited.十一、clothes, trousers, shoes 作主语时谓语动词用复数.A pair of(this pair of)+复数名词： 谓语动词用单数。
28.This pair of glasses ________(be)worth 100 dollars.29.When clothes ________(be)washed, they don’t’t dry easily in winter.十二、a piece of
a kind of+ n.谓语动词用单数。
a type of
pieces of
kinds of+ n.谓语动词用复数。
types of
十三、A number of +名词复数： 谓语用复数。
The number of +名词复数：谓语动词用单数。
30.A number of students _______(be)playing on the playground.31.The number of students _________(be)sixty.十四、all, some, half, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most, …percent of +名词作主
语，若of后的名词是复数，谓语动词用复数；若of后的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
32.All of the work ________(have)been done.33.The rest of the students _______(be)still in the classroom.34.Part of the villagers _______(work)in the factories.35.Seventy percent of the work ________(be)done by children.36.Fifty percent of the students in our school ________(be)boys.十五、学科名词如：physics, maths, politics, 等 以 “ s ”结尾的名词作主语时，谓语用
单数。
37.Physics _________(be)very interesting.38.Politics __________(be)very important.十六、倒装句的主谓一致：
39.On each side of the street ________ a lot of trees.A.are grownB.is standingC.growsD.stands
40.Here ______ two buses.A.comeB.comesC.is comingD.goes
41.On the wall ______famous paintings.A.haveB.areC.isD.has
十七、当family，team，class等表示集体概念时用单数单数，但指 “人”时用复数.42.My family as well as I ________ glad to see you.A.wasB.isC.areD.am
43.My family _______ a happy one.A.areB.wasC.wereD.is
44.The whole class _______ greatly moved at his words.A.wasB.wereC.hadD.is
十八、当each放在句首时是代词，用单数；但当each放在句中或句尾时是副词，谓语与主
语一致。
45.Each of us ________(have)a new pen.46.They ________(have)a new pen each.47.They each ________(have)a new pen.十九、用and 连接的两个单数名词前分别有every, no 时，谓语用单数。
48.Both wheat and rice ________ grown in that country.A.isB.areC.wasD.has
49.No teacher and no student _______allowed to touch the machine.A.areB.wereC.isD.has
50.Every flower and every bush _______ to be cut down.A.isB.areC.wereD.will
51.Each man and each woman _______ asked to attend the meeting.A.areB.isC.hasD.were
二十、all在句中作主语，指物时用单数，指人时用复数。
52.All but him and me _______ to the cinema.A.are goingB.is goingC.was goingD.has gone
53.All of the fruit _______ ripe.A.looksB.lookC.lookedD.looking
54.All but one _________ here just now.A.isB.wasC.has beenD.were
第三篇：初中英语主谓一致练习题及答案
初中英语主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致
1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。
例如： The desk is Tom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2.many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。3.more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。
例如： Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。
Tweney pounds isn’t so heavy.2 0英镑并不太重。
5.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。6.one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如： One and a half hours is enough.一个半小时足够了。7.动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。8.a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如： A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。9.主语为某些词组，如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。
如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.10.somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数
例如： Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗？
Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。Nobody was in.没有人在家。11.people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The police are waiting for the boy.13.each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如： Each of them has an English dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。
14.以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，例如： No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。15.由both„and„连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
Both his father and his mother are both teachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
16.a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：A number of famous people were invited to party.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。
The number of the students is over eight hundred.我们学校的学生数超过800人。17.当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。
例如： This pair of shoes is Tom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。There are two glasses of wather on the table.桌上有两杯水。
18.the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如： The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。
The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。
19.以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。
例如： There is a book and three pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。Here are some books and paper for you.这是给你的书和纸。or, either„or„，neither„nor„,not only„but also„,not„but„,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
例如： Tom or Jack is wrong.不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Either this one or that one is ok.这一个或那一个都行。当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。
例如： Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。22 “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数
23.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。
这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物； a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如：
The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)24 family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。
例如： People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large.他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。none 如果指量，动词用单数。若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。
Most of his time is spent on study.I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Two thousand miles __________(be)too far for us to travel over a short vacation.2.The old in my country __________(be)cared for by their children and grandchildren.3.There __________(be)a pair of trousers on the sofa.4.Ten pided by two __________(equal)five.5.The Chinese people __________(be)a great people.6.Nobody but Tim and Tom __________(be)in the room.7.Li Fang like many girls __________(like)dancing.8.Every boy and every girl __________(want)to go there.9.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth __________(be)sea.10.All of the work __________(be)finished.II.选择填空。
1.The rich ______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have 2.The old woman, together with her two grandsons, ______ crossing the road.A.are B.is C.has D.have 3.This pair of trousers ______ Lucy’s.Your trousers ______ on your bed.A.is, are B.is, is C.are, are D.are, is 4.Ten kilometers ______ a very long way to go in a day.A.are B.has C.is D.have 5.Climbing hills ______ better than having classes.A.are B.is C.was D.have 6.What he wanted to know ______ why they didn’t tell him.A.are B.was C.were D.is 7.Either you or he ______ to stay at home this afternoon.A.has B.have C.are D.is 8.Neither of the twins ______ bread.A.like B.likes C.liked D.is like 9.Fish and chips ______ my favorite food.A.is B.are C.has D.become 10.The singer and dancer ______ come to our city.A.are B.is C.have D.has 11.Three-fourths of the water ______ gone.A.is B.are C.have D.were 12.Everybody, men and women, young and old, ______ listening to the radio here.A.enjoys B.enjoy C.is enjoyed D.are enjoyed 13.Either Tom or Maria ______ sure to know the answer.A.are B.be C.is D.were 14.Neither you nor he ______ how to answer the question.A.know B.knows C.knowing D.to know 15.I as well as they ______ ready to help you.A.am B.are C.is D.be 16.The number of the students in the class ______ about forty.A.is B.are C.were D.have
四、应用性训练。
I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Neither the teacher nor the students __________(have)enough time.2.Most of the houses __________(need)painting.3.A person who has good friends __________(enjoy)life more.4.John, together with his family, __________(be)flying to London.5.Few of my family really __________(understand)me.6.One third of the students_______(be)boys.7.There______(be)twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.8.Many a students ________(have)this new dictionary.9.Every man, woman and child _______(be)asked to contribute.10.An old man or mature(成熟)woman_____(be)needed for this job.II.选择填空。
1.There _______a lot of people at the street corner when the accident happened.A.Was B.were C.have been D.had 2.Neither she nor Dick and I _____interested in maths.A.Is B.are C.am D.be 3.Fish and chips _____the most popular take-away food in England.A.Are B.is C.were D.was 4.How many students are there in your school ?---___the students in our school _____over two thousand.A.The number of;of B.The number of;are C.A number of;of D.A number of;are 5.All my classmates, except Wu Lin,____ interested in singing English songs.A.Is B.am C.are D.be 6.Neither he nor I ____from Canada.We awe from Australia.A.Is B.was C.am D.be 7.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25____Chritmas Day.A.is B.was C.has been D.will be 8.He thinks that two moths ____quite a long time.A.is B.are C.be D.was 9.There ___a sports meeting in our school next week.A.will hold B.will have C.is going to be D.is going to hold 10.Are the twins on thee team---No, neither of them_____on the team.A.is B.Are C.were D.be 11.I’m going to do some shopping this Sunday.---So____.A.do B.will C.am I D.I am 12.What___ the popular of Canada? Do you think it will_____? A.is;become B.are;become C.are;grow D.is;grow 13.This pair of trousers____.A.is mine B.is my C.are my D.are mine 14.Even a child knows that ____are made of___.A.glasses;glass B.glass;glass C.glasses;glasses D.glass;glasses
参考答案：
1.1-4 C D A D
2.1-4 D B A C
3.1-3 C C A
4.1-3 A D A
5.1-4 C B A C
6.1-3 C B 参考答案
1．B．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
2．D．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only„but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的
主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。
3．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither„nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。
4．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）
5．C．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
6．A．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。7．B。“不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。”not only„需用到就近原则，but also之后又是两个人，是复数。故选B。
8．A．[解析] “一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。”要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books，根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的，故主语应是a library，又因为此题是被动语态，因此选择A。
9．A．[解析] “还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。”“两个并列连词+主语+谓语”作主语看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，根据题意又应用被动语态，故选A。
10．C．[解析] “邀请人的数目是50人，但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。”“the number of+复数名词”意为“„„的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数；“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语，谓语动词用复数。
11．C．[解析] “一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。”倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。
12．D．[解析] “许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。”“many a”虽然表达复数概念，意为“许多”，但当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
13．A．[解析] “钱都不属于他。”none作主语，谓语动词单复数都可，但这里的money为不可数名词，因此用单数形式为好，而belong to才是“属于”的意思，所以选A。
14．B．[解析] “昨天做了大约3／5的工作。”主语含有分数，百分比等等，谓语动词要根据其后面的名词而定，是不可数名词和单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数，是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
15．B．[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine，由并列连词neither„nor
连在一起，所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致，这里mine指my sister。初中英语总复习专题(19)主谓一致答案
三、巩固练习： I..用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.is 2.are 3.is 4.equals 5.are 6.are 7.likes 8.wants 9.is 10.is II.选择填空：1—5 ABACB 6—10 DABAD 11—15 AACBA 16—20 ACBBD
四、应用性训练。
I.所给动词的适当形式填空。1.have 2.need 3.enjoys 4.is 5.understand6.is 7.are 8.has 9.was/is10.is II.选择填空。1-5BBBAC 6-10CAACA 11-15CDAAA 16-20DCBCB
第四篇：主谓一致
主谓一致
1就近原则：Or/ nor/ there be
Either…or/ neither…nor
Not only … but also/ not…but
Eg: One or two friends are coming this evening.Neither I nor he is favor of her marrige.Either my grandsons or their father is coming.There is a boy and two girls in the classroom..→There are two girls and a boy in the classroom.2.as well as / along with /like /together with / rather than/ accept / including / accompainied by /besides / in addition to … 等词跟在主语后边，不看作是并列主语，其谓语动词的形式看 前面主语，即就前一致原则
3.主语为复数
（1）可数名词复数
（2）由both…and…连接或and连接表不同物.（3）集合名词作主语.如people,cattle,police.（4）the+adj.表一类人.（5）the+姓氏表一家人.（6）one or two +n.(pl)表一两个.（7）某些专有名词作主语。如the olympics.4.主语为单数
（1）and连接两个并列主语表同一物、同一概念或不可分割的两个事物.（2）each,every,no等词修饰主语.（3）不定代词作主语.（4）one and a half +n.(pl.)作主语.（5）either/neither / each/ everyone / any of+可数名词作主语(pl.).（6）many a /more than one+可数名词作主语
（7）抽象名词作主语：V-ing ,to不定式，主语从句作主语
（8）主语是时间、金钱、度量、距离
（9）主语是书名、戏剧名、报刊、杂志、国家、地名
第五篇：主谓一致（定稿）
主谓一致(Subject-verb Concord)主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，可分为语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。1.语法一致
如果名词中心词是复数，动词就用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式，这种一致关系叫语法一致。例如：
Both boys have their own merits.Few students are really lazy.Each boy has his own book.Every girl comes on time.Either answer is correct.Much effort is wasted.2.意义一致和就近原则
有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；反之主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数，这种一致关系叫意义一致。例如： Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register.(现金出纳机)有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语(主要指名词)的单、复数形式，这种一致关系叫就近原则。例如： Either my brother or my father is coming.Neither Julia nor I am going.3.以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
1> 以-ics结尾的学科名称
某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics(物理学)，mathematics(数学)，mechanics(机械学)，optics(气学)，acoustics(声学)，politics(政治学)，statistics(统计学)，economics(经济学)，linguistics(语言学)，tactics(兵法)，athletics(体育学)等，通常作单数用。例如：
Acoustics is the science of sound.2> 以-s结尾的地理名称
某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States(美国)，the United Nations(联合国)，the Netherlands(荷兰)等系单一政治实体，用作单数。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，如the West Indies(西印度群岛)，the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)，the Straits of Gibraltar(直布罗陀海峡)等，用作复数。例如：
The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.3> 其他以-s结尾的名词
凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如clippings(剪下来的东西)，diggings(掘出的东西)，earnings(收入)，filings(锉屑)，lodgings(租住的房间)，surroundings(环境)，sweepings(扫拢的垃圾)等，通常用作复数。例如： The clippings of the hedges are usually burt.但也有例外，如tidings(消息)既可作复数，也可作单数。Good tidings have cheered them up.The tidings has come a little too late.4.以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题
1> 通常作复数的集体名词，如police，people，cattle，militia，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害虫)等，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.2> 通常作不可数名词的集体名词，如foliage，machinery，equipment，furniture，merchandise(商品)等，谓语动词用单数。例如：
The merchandise has arrived undamaged.3> 既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，如audience，committee，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，family，government，public等，如将该名词表示的集体视为一个整体，则动词用单数。例如： That group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unit.That group of soldiers have the best ratings of inpidual performance.4> A committee,etc of +复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee of / a panel of / a(the)board of + 复数名词”构成，随后的动词用单数。例如：
A panel of distinguished people has been chosen to judge this competition.Exercise A Select an appropriate number form in brackets: 1.Their earnings(comes, come)to 500 dollars a week.2.Tidings(has, have)come that the British warship was sunk.3.This pair of trousers(costs, cost)fifty dollars.4.The New York Times(is, are)published daily.5.The British police(has, have)only very limited powers.6.That green foliage(was, were)restful.7.The government(is, are)doing its best to boost production.8.The government(has, have)discussed the matter for a long time but they have shown no signs of reaching an agreement.9.The football team(is, are)being organized.10.The football team(is, are)having baths and(is, are)then coming back here for tea.11.That family(is.are)a very happy one.12.The audience(is, are)listening to a Beethoven symphony.13.The class(is, are)taking notes,(its, their)pens scribbling quickly over(its, their)exercise books.14.Can you see that huge flock of birds in the distance?(It, They)(is, are)coming this way.15.Poultry(is, are)dear in the city.16.The public(was, were)convinced of his innocence.5.以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
1> 由or/nor/either…or/neither…nor/not only…but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式按照“就近原则”。例如： Either my father or my brothers are coming.Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.2> 主语+as much as/rather than / more than / no less than等引导的从属结构，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。例如：
Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.3> 主语+as well as / in addition to / with / along with / together with / except等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式取决于主语本身的单复数。例如： The father, as well as his sons, is going to enroll.No one except two girls was late for dinner.The barn, in addition to the house, was burned.6.以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
1> 如果数量概念被看作一个整体，动词用单数；如果被看作组成该数量的个体,则动词用复数。例如：
Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.These last three years have been full of surprises.2> 如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数(或百分数)+of –词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。例如：
Two thirds of the swampland(沼泽地)has been reclaimed(开垦).Over sixty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.Thirty-five percent of the doctors were women.3> 两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如：
Forty minus fifteen(40-15)leaves twenty-five.Forty pided by eight(40÷8)is five.Seven and five(7+5)makes/make twelve.Five times eight(5*8)is/are forty.4> 如果主语由one in/one out of+复数名词构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。例如：
One in ten students has failed the exam.One out of twenty was badly damaged.5> 如果主语是all of …，some of …，none of …，half of …，most of …，lots of …，heaps of …，loads of …，plenty of …等表示非确定数量的名词词组时，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。例如： All of the cargo was lost.All of the crew were saved.Lots of food is going to waste.Lots of people are waiting outside.6> 如果主语是由a portion of，a series of，a pile of，a panel of，a kind /sort/ type of，this kind /sort/ type of+名词构成，动词用单数。例如： A series of accidents has been reported.This kind of apples is highly priced.7> 如果主语是由many a/ more than one+名词构成，动词用单数。例如：
Many a man has done his duty.More than one game was lost.7.分句中的主谓一致问题
1> 以名词性wh-分句作主语
用what, who, why, weather, how等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后动词用单数。例如：
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.2> 关系分句中的主谓一致问题
在one of+复数名词+关系分句结构中，动词用复数形式。例如： Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.如果在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the only等限定词，动词用单数形式。例如：
Keves is the only one of the players who has learned all the plays.3> There be 句型中，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于其后的主语。主语是单数，动词用单数；主语是复数，动词用复数。例如： There are three routes you can take.There is a note left on the desk.Exercise B Select an appropriate verb form from the two given in brackets.1.Milking the cows, in addition to several other chores,(was, were)his responsibility.2.Each men and each woman there(is, are)asked to help.3.Neither Lucy nor Carol(has, have)any money left.4.Not only one, but all, of us(is, are)hoping to be there.5.The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay,(provides, provide)good fishing.6.John, rather than his roommates,(is, are)to blame.7.Two more dollars(is, are), missing from the morning.8.This kind of cars(is, are)highly priced.9.A number of pages(is, are)badly torn.10.The number of pages assigned for daily reading(was, were)gradually increased to twelve.11.All of the fruit(looks, look)ripe.12.Many a person in these circumstances(has, have)hoped for a long break.13.Every man, woman, and child(was, were)asked to contribute.14.Five times seven(is, are)thirty-five.15.Twenty-five from thirty-one(leaves, leave)six.16.Five and eight(is, are)thirteen.17.Six sevens(is, are)forty-two.18.Three-quarters of the area(is, are)cultivated.19.These type of cars(is, are)inexpensive, 20.The young(is, are)not always romantic.21.Who was responsible for these accidents(is, are)not yet clear.22.To know merely the main facts(is, are)not enough.23.She’s the only one of these women who(pays, play)bridge well.24.There(is, are)more than one member who(has, have)protested against the proposal.
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