第一篇：机械设备管理规定中英文对照版
机械设备管理规定
Mechanical equipment regulations
1．总则
1.General rules
1.1为了加强项目部施工机械设备的管理，提高设备使用寿命和经济效益，保证设备安全生产和正常运行,特制订本规定。
1.1 In order to strengthen the management of construction machinery and equipment of the project department , improve equipment life and economic efficiency, ensure safe production and normal operation of the equipment.1.2设备是项目部施工的物质技术基础，要贯彻执行“预防为主”的方针，要坚持使用与保养相结合，修理与改造相结合，技术管理与经济效益相结合的原则。
1.2 Equipment is the material and technical basis of construction for the project department.Implement the “prevention first” principle and adhere to the principle of combining the use and maintenance, the repair and renovation, technology management and economic efficiency.1.3设备管理的主要任务是：贯彻落实上级有关方针、政策、法令、法规，通过技术和组织措施，做到全面规划，合理配置，择优选购、正确使用，精心维护、科学检修、适时改造和更新，既对设备进行综合管理。保证设备完好，不断改善和提高技术装备素质，充分发挥设备的综合效能，为项目部提供性能优良、安全可靠的设备，并使设备增值保值。
1.3 the main task of equipment management : to implement the relevant guidelines, policies, laws, regulations of the superior, through technical and organizational measures to achieve comprehensive planning, rational distribution, perfect purchase, the proper use, meticulously care, scientific maintenance, timely rehabilitation and renewal.That means the integrated management shall be applied for the equipment.Ensure that the equipment is intact, continually improve and enhance the quality of technical equipment and make full use of the integrated performance of the equipment, providing excellent, safe and reliable equipment for the project department while preserving and increasing the value of the equipment.1.4积极采用先进的设备管理方法和维修新技术，不断提高设备管理和维修技术水平。
1.4 Actively apply advanced equipment management methods and new maintenance technology, and continually improve the management and maintenance technology standards for the equipment.1.5管好、用好、维修好、改造好设备，保证财产不受损失，使设备经常保持良好的技术状态，保证经营发展和施工生产的需要，是项目部领导和各部门的重要职责。
1.5 The equipment shall be well managed, used, repaired, altered to ensure the property against loss.Keeping the equipment in good technical condition and ensuring to meet the needs of business development and construction are an important responsibility of the project leaders and various departments.2.设备的使用和保养规定
2.The use and maintenance regulations for the equipment
2.1设备的使用，大型设备必须人机固定，并实行机长负责制。鼓励操作人员 1
（及其它工种）多学技术，成为一专多能的复合型人才，各设备之间操作人员以及当地雇用操作人员调换频繁，所以特规定对多班制、替班作业的设备，必须实行设备交接班制度，并认真填写交接班记录。
2.1 The person using the equipment, especially for large equipment, must be fixed and the captain responsibility system shall be implemented.Encourage operators(and other types of workers)to learn techniques and become complex talents who become expert in one field while possessing all-round.The operation staff between different types of equipment and locally employed operating staff exchange frequently, so the equipment shift system shall be implemented and the shift records shall be seriously recorded for the equipment which needs many shifts.2.2操作人员在独立使用前，要对设备的性能、技术规范、维护知识和安全操作规程等技术理论教育以及实际操作技术培训，设备部会同安保部、办公室对操作人员进行考试，经过考试合格的，方可独立操作（已在取得中国相应工种技能等级证书的可免于技能考试）。雇佣当地的牙工操作人员必须持证上岗。
2.2 Before the operator use the equipment independently, he shall be educated and trained on the performance of equipment, technical specifications, maintenance knowledge, safety procedures and other technical theories and practical skills.Equipment department in conjunction with HSE department and office shall arrange exams for the operating persons.After passing the examination, they shall operate the equipment independently(persons who have already achieved the relevant work skill level certificates are exempt from skill exams).The local operating workers hired from Jamaica must be employed with certificates.2.3大型设备使用前，设备使用部门/人员必须提前告知设备部设备使用计划，以便合理安排预使用的设备。设备部应做好钥匙发放登记。设备操作人员须是经过考试合格的人员。设备钥匙交付后，设备由使用部门负责日常使用管理，原则上禁止牙籍操作人员将设备钥匙带回家，即每日上班时发放钥匙，下班时收回钥匙，设备使用专人专机。
2.3 Before using the large equipments, the equipment using department/ personnel shall inform the equipment department in advance about the equipment using plan so that they can pre-arrange for the equipments needed.The equipment department should make registration of the using situation of keys.The equipments operators should be qualified staff passing the examination.After the delivery of keys, the equipments should be maintained and managed daily by the using department.Regarding the principles, the local operators from Jamaica can not take the keys home.The reasonable principle is to distribute the keys at the time starting to work and take the keys back after they are off duty.The equipments should be operated by designated personnel.2.4设备操作人员对设备要实行日检制度（每日进行例行保养检查），并认真填写记录（施工机械工作日志），严格遵守《施工机械操作规程》和随车《操作保养手册》，做到精心操作，严禁超负荷、拼设备和带病运转。
2.4 The operators should check the equipments daily and fill in the records(construction machinery work diary)in real earnest.Strictly abide by the Construction machinery operating procedures and Operation & maintenance manuals.Operate carefully, do not overload and wrongly operate the
equipments.2.5操作人员必须熟练掌握“四懂”(懂性能、懂原理、懂结构，懂用途)、“三会”（会操作、会保养、会排除故障）、“十字作业法”（调整、紧固、防腐、润滑、清洁）。
2.5 The operator must be familiar with the “four understanding”(understand performance, understand the principles, understand the structure, understand function), “Three skills”(operation, maintenance, troubleshooting), and “Ten words operation method”(adjustment, tightening , corrosion prevention, lubrication, cleaning).2.6操作人员应做到：“五不接”（机械状况不良好不接、保养不良好不接、工具附件不齐全不接、原始记录填写不全不接，生产任务不清不接）;班前“两件事”（检查机械完好情况，进行例行保养、检查电源或油料进行试车运转）；班中“五注意”(注意讯号、听从指挥，遵守规程、确保安全，重视质量、配合生产，注意紧固、及时加油，倾听声音，观察仪表)；班后“五不走”（电源不切断不走、机械设备清洗保养不彻底不走、工具附件丢失找不到不走、不办清接班手续不走、不做好原始记录不走）；对设备润滑做到“五定”（定人、定质、定量、定点、定时），切实做好润滑工作。
2.6 The operator should follow: “Five unacceptable circumstances ”(no accept when the mechanical condition is poor, no accept when the maintenance is bad , no accept when tools and accessories are not complete, no accept when the original record is not complete, no accept when the production tasks are not clear);the “two thing ” before work(check conditions of machinery, conduct routine maintenance, power or fuel check and perform trial operation);“ five note ” during work(note the signal, obey the command, comply with regulations, ensure the safety, pay attention to quality, assist with production, pay attention to fastening, refuel timely , listen to the sound, observe instruments);“no departure under five circumstances”(do not leave without cutting off the power does , do not leave without conduct thoroughly cleaning and maintenance for machinery and equipment, do not leave without finding the lost tools and accessories, do not leave without finishing succession procedures, do not leave without making original records);“five points to be fixed” for equipment lubrication(fixed people, fixed quality, fixed quantity, fixed place, fixed time), achieving really good lubrication.3.设备的修理
3.Repair of the equipment
3.1设备日常维修保养工作由维修班组织实施，并做好维修保养记录。
3.1 The maintenance team shall organize and implement routine repair and maintenance work for the equipment and make maintenance records.3.2设备修理按照“养修并重、预防为主”的原则，实行计划养护、状态检测与故障诊断修理。
3.2 For the equipment repair, be in accordance with the principle of “both maintenance and repair, prevention-oriented” and implement the repair through planned maintenance, state detection and fault diagnosis.3.3设备部根据设备运转小时数、使用人员填写的机械设备工作日志、设备月检记录结合实际情况，根据设备的动力性、经济性、安全性，制订修理计划。并加强修理工艺的管理，确保修理质量，缩短停修时间；修理时应根据具体条件制
订合理的修理工艺、技术标准，从目前的综合性修理逐步过渡到按部件分工修理，并积极创造条件逐步实行总称互换修理。
The equipment department shall develop the repair plan according to the equipment operating hours, machinery and equipment work log written by using staff, equipment monthly inspection record and the actual situation.The power, economy efficiency and safety shall be taken into consideration.The equipment department shall strengthen the management of repair technology to ensure the repair quality and to short repair time.A reasonable repairing technology and technical standards shall be formulated for the repair according to the actual conditions.The current comprehensive repair shall be gradually transited to the repair based on different parts, actively creating conditions for achieve interchangeable repair.3.4设备大修过程中，设备部要严格把关，首先确定机务主办，并填写技术交底和安全/环保技术交底，修理人员必须认真做好修理过程中的多项基础工作。
3.4 during the thorough repair for the equipment , equipment department shall strictly control procedures.First, determine the machinery supervisor and complete technical disclosure and safety / environmental technical disclosure.The repairman must earnestly do various basic works during repair process.3.4.1严把修理关，严格执行修理前、修理中和修理后的三检制度。修理前，要做好拆检记录，拆检项目，零部件损坏情况，运动件的磨损情况及测量的数据等。
3.4.1 strictly control procedures of repair and implement the inspection system pre-repair, under repair and after repair.Before repair, make records on dismantling , such as dismantling items, damaged conditions of spare parts, wear of moving parts, measuring data and so on.3.4.2严把配件关，对于质量不合格的材料配件不准使用，质量不合格的总成不准装配，所用的材料配件和修理质量均按规定标准进行检验。
3.4.2 strictly manage the accessories.Materials and accessories which are of substandard quality materials are not allowed to use.The assemblies which are of substandard quality are not allowed to be assembled.Conduct inspection for materials, accessories and repair quality according to the provisions of the standards.3.4.3修理过程中，尽量做到修旧利废，要认真推广：“焊、补、喷、镀、铆、镶、配、改、校、涨、缩、粘”十二字修旧经验，不断扩大修旧范围，保证修旧质量，节约修理资金，降低修理成本。
3.4.3 during repair process, the old equipment shall be repaired and the waste shall be fully used, earnestly implement the “ twelve words guideline”, that is welding, mend, spray, plating, riveting, mount, match, change, check , expand, shrink, stick.The repair range shall be expand, the repair quality shall be ensured, the repair money shall be saved, and the repair cost shall be reduced.3.4.4设备修理完毕，机务科要组织竣工验收，进行试运转，并做好记录，填写竣工验收资料。废零件、废油、废料（油手套、油棉纱）要回收，并交有关部门处置，做到工完、料净、场地清。
3.4.4 when the repair for the equipment is completed, mechanical department shall organize the completion acceptance, conduct test run, make a record and fill in the completion acceptance data.Scrap parts, waste oil and
waste material(oil gloves and oil cotton yarn)shall be recycled and transferred to relevant departments for disposal, so when the work is finished, the material is fully used and the site is clean.3.4.5设备大修出厂应严格按技术要求进行大修走合期。
3.4.5The breaking-in period shall be strictly arranged according to the technical requirements for the equipment which has gone through a thorough repair in the factory.3.5设备的技术革新与技术改造可根据生产需要和设备技术状况，结合大修进行，积极推广和应用新技术、新工艺、新材料。
3.5 Technological innovation and transformation for the equipment shall be conducted according to the production needs and equipment technical conditions, combining with the thorough repair.The new technologies, new processes and new materials shall be actively promoted and applied.4.设备安全管理
4.Safety management of equipment
4.1设备安全工作必须落实“安全第一，预防为主”的方针，严格执行公司及当地政府有关安全生产的规定。
4.1 Equipment safety work shall be done in accordance with the “safety first, prevention first” principle.strictly implement the provisions of the company and the local government on production safety.4.2 项目部根据施工特点，建立健全设备安全制度和安全组织，认真贯彻执行各类设备的安全操作规程和保养检修规程，使设备安全管理工作落到实处。
4.2 The project department shall establish and improve the safety systems and safety organizations for the equipment according to the construction characteristics, and earnestly implement safe operation procedures and maintenance and service procedures of various types of equipment, making the equipment safety management fall into place.4.3各类机械设备都应有可靠的安全装置和防护措施，保证设备的安全运行。
4.3 All types of machinery and equipment should have reliable safety devices and protective measures to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.4.4设备操作人员必须熟知机械基本原理与构造，熟悉安全操作规程，掌握有关安全生产的知识和值班运转制度，设备运转时发现异常，要立即采取措施。
4.4 Equipment operators must be familiar with the basic mechanical principles and structure, the safety procedures, knowledge on production safety and duty operating system.If the equipment operation is abnormal, take measures immediately.4.5项目部根据实际情况与设备操作人员签订“设备操作责任书”，界定责任范围。
4.5 Project Department shall sign a “equipment operating responsibility agreement” with equipment operators according to the actual situation to define the responsibility scope.4.6项目部制订设备安全事故的防范措施及事故应急预案，经常组织学习，加强设备安全教育。
4.6 Project Department shall develop equipment security accident
prevention measures and emergency plans, frequently organize learning, and enhance equipment safety education.
第二篇：机械名称中英文对照
一、除大块机Eliminates the bulk machine
二、齿型筛分除杂物机The screening and eliminates the sundry goods machine
三、振动煤箅Vibration Coal Grate
四、滚轴筛Roller Screen
五、滚筒筛Trommel Screen
六、振动概率筛Vibration Probability Screen
七、减振平台Antivibration Platform
八、布料器Distributing Device
九、皮带机头部伸缩装置Conveyer Belt Telescopiform Device
十、胶带给料机Belt Feeder
十一、往复式给料机Reciprocating Feeder
十二、振动给煤机Vibrator Feeder
十三、叶轮给煤机Coal Impeller Feeder
十四、埋刮板输送机Buried Scraper Conveyer
十五、螺旋输送机Screw Conveyer
十六、板式喂料机Apron Feeder
十七、缓冲弹簧板式大块输送机Buffer Spring Apron Bulk Converyor
十八、斗式提升机Chain-Bucket Elevator
十九、TD75、DTⅡ型带式输送机Type TD75/DTII Belt Conveyer
二十、电动三通3-Through-Chute With Electric Drive Gate 二
十一、重力式煤沟挡板Gravity Type Coal Ditch Baffle
二十二、物料稳流器Material Constant Staticizer
二十三、犁式卸料器、刮水器Plough Type Tripper/Wiper 二
十四、栈桥冲洗器Flusher
二十五、喷雾除尘系统Exhaust System 二
十六、缓冲锁气器Buffer Air Lock 二
十七、缓冲滚筒Snub Pulley二十八、二十九、三
十、缓冲平台Buffer Platform 胶带防撕裂保护装置Belt Protective Device 链斗卸车机Bucket-Chain Unloader
第三篇：机械专业英语文章中英文对照
英语原文
NUMERICAL CONTROL
Numerical control(N/C)is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols, The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work part or job.When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed.The capability to change the program is what makes N/C suitable for low-and medium-volume production.It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment.There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools：point—to—point and continuous—path(also called contouring).Point—to—point machines use unsynchronized motors, with the result that the position of the machining head Can be assured only upon completion of a movement, or while only one motor is running.Machines of this type are principally used for straight—line cuts or for drilling or boring.The N/C system consists of the following components：data input, the tape reader with the control unit, feedback devices, and the metal—cutting machine tool or other type of N/C equipment.Data input, also called “man—to—control link”, may be provided to the machine tool manually, or entirely by automatic means.Manual methods when used as the sole source of input data are restricted to a relatively small number of inputs.Examples of manually operated devices are keyboard dials, pushbuttons, switches, or thumbwheel selectors.These are located on a console near the machine.Dials ale analog devices usually connected to a syn-chro-type resolver or potentiometer.In most cases, pushbuttons, switches, and other similar types of selectors are digital input devices.Manual input requires that the operator set the controls for each operation.It is a slow and tedious process and is seldom justified except in elementary machining applications or in special cases.In practically all cases, information is automatically supplied to the control unit and the machine tool by cards, punched tapes, or by magnetic tape.Eight—channel punched paper tape is the most commonly used form of data input for conventional N/C systems.The coded instructions on the tape consist of sections of punched holes called blocks.Each block represents a machine function, a machining operation, or a combination of the two.The entire N/C program on a tape is made up of an accumulation of these successive data blocks.Programs resulting in long tapes all wound on reels like motion-picture film.Programs on relatively short tapes may be continuously repeated by joining the two ends of the tape to form a loop.Once installed, the tape is used again and again without further handling.In this case, the operator simply loads and1
unloads the parts.Punched tapes ale prepared on type writers with special tape—punching attachments or in tape punching units connected directly to a computer system.Tape production is rarely error-free.Errors may be initially caused by the part programmer, in card punching or compilation, or as a result of physical damage to the tape during handling, etc.Several trial runs are often necessary to remove all errors and produce an acceptable working tape.While the data on the tape is fed automatically, the actual programming steps ale done manually.Before the coded tape may be prepared, the programmer, often working with a planner or a process engineer, must select the appropriate N/C machine tool, determine the kind of material to be machined, calculate the speeds and feeds, and decide upon the type of tooling needed.The dimensions on the part print are closely examined to determine a suitable zero reference point from which to start the program.A program manuscript is then written which gives coded numerical instructions describing the sequence of operations that the machine tool is required to follow to cut the part to the drawing specifications.The control unit receives and stores all coded data until a complete block of information has been accumulated.It then interprets the coded instruction and directs the machine tool through the required motions.The function of the control unit may be better understood by comparing it to the action of a dial telephone, where, as each digit is dialed, it is stored.When the entire number has been dialed, the equipment becomes activated and the call is completed.Silicon photo diodes, located in the tape reader head on the control unit, detect light as it passes through the holes in the moving tape.The light beams are converted to electrical energy, which is amplified to further strengthen the signal.The signals are then sent to registers in the control unit, where actuation signals are relayed to the machine tool drives.Some photoelectric devices are capable of reading at rates up to 1000 characters per second.High reading rates are necessary to maintain continuous machine—tool motion；otherwise dwell marks may be generated by the cutter on the part during contouring operations.The reading device must be capable of reading data blocks at a rate faster than the control system can process the data.A feedback device is a safeguard used on some N/C installations to constantly compensate for errors between the commanded position and the actual location of the moving slides of the machine tool.An N/C machine equipped with this kind of a direct feedback checking device has what is known as a closed-loop system.Positioning control is accomplished by a sensor which, during the actual operation, records the position of the slides and relays this information back to the control unit.Signals thus received ale compared to input signals on the tape, and any discrepancy between them is automatically rectified.In an alternative system, called an open—loop system, the machine is positioned solely by stepping motor drives in response to commands by a controllers.There is one basic type of NC motions.Point-to-point or Positional Control In point-to-point control the machine tool elements(tools, table, etc.)are moved to programmed locations and the machining operations performed
after the motions are completed.The path or speed of movement between locations is unimportant;only the coordinates of the end points of the motions are accurately controlled.This type of control is suitable for drill presses and some boring machines, where drilling, tapping, or boring operations must be performed at various locations on the work piece.Straight-Line or Linear Control Straight-Line control systems are able to move the cutting tool parallel to one of the major axes of the machine tool at a controlled rate suitable for machining.It is normally only possible to move in one direction at a time, so angular cuts on the work piece are not possible, consequently, for milling machines, only rectangular configurations can be machined or for lathes only surfaces parallel or perpendicular to the spindle axis can be machined.This type of controlled motion is often referred to as linear control or a half-axis of control.Machines with this form of control are also capable of point-to-point control.The original N/C used the closed—loop system.Of the two systems, closed and open loop, closed loop is more accurate and, as a consequence, is generally more expensive.Initially, open—loop systems were used almost entirely for light-duty applications because of inherent power limitations previously associated with conventional electric stepping motors.Recent advances in the development of electro hydraulic stepping motors have led to increasingly heavier machine load applications.中文译文
数控技术
数控是可编程自动化技术的一种形式,通过数字、字母和其他符号来控制加工设备。数字、字母和符号用适当的格式编码为一个特定工件定义指令程序。当工件改变时,指令程序就改变。这种改变程序的能力使数控适合于中、小批量生产,写一段新程序远比对加工设备做大的改动容易得多。
数控机床有两种基本形式：点位控制和连续控制(也称为轮廓控制)。点位控制机床采用异步电动机,因此,主轴的定位只能通过完成一个运动或一个电动机的转动来实现。这种机床主要用于直线切削或钻孔、镗孔等场合。
数控系统由下列组件组成：数据输入装置,带控制单元的磁带阅读机,反馈装置和切削机床或其他形式的数控设备。
数据输人装置,也称“人机联系装置”,可用人工或全自动方法向机床提供数据。人工方法作为输人数据唯一方法时,只限于少量输入。人工输入装置有键盘,拨号盘,按钮,开关或拨轮选择开关,这些都位于机床附近的一个控制台上。拨号盘通常连到一个同步解析器或电位计的模拟装置上。在大多数情况下,按钮、开关和其他类似的旋钮是数据输入元件。人工输入需要操作者控制每个操作,这是一个既慢又单调的过程,除了简单加工场合或特殊情况,已很少使用。
几乎所有情况下,信息都是通过卡片、穿孔纸带或磁带自动提供给控制单元。在传统的数控系统中,八信道穿孔纸带是最常用的数据输入形式,纸带上的编码指令由一系列称为程序块的穿孔组成。每一个程序块代表一种加工功能、一种操作或两者的组合。纸带上的整个数控程序由这些连续数据单元连接而成。带有程序的长带子像电影胶片一样绕在盘子上,相对较短的带子上的程序可通过将纸带两端连接形成一个循环而连续不断地重复使用。带子一旦安装好,就可反复使用而无需进一步处理。此时,操作者只是简单地上、下工件。穿孔纸带是在带有特制穿孔附件的打字机或直接连到计算机上的纸带穿孔装置上做成的。纸带制造很少不出错,错误可能由编程、卡片穿孔或编码、纸带穿孔时的物理损害等形成。通常,必须要试走几次来排除错误,才能得到一个可用的工作纸带。
虽然纸带上的数据是自动进给的,但实际编程却是手工完成的,在编码纸带做好前,编程者经常要和一个计划人员或工艺工程师一起工作,选择合适的数控机床,决定加工材料,计算切削速度和进给速度,决定所需刀具类型,仔细阅读零件图上尺寸,定下合适的程序开始的零参考点,然后写出程序清单,其上记载有描述加工顺序的编码数控指令,机床按顺序加工工件到图样要求。
控制单元接受和储存编码数据,直至形成一个完整的信息程序块,然后解释数控指令,并引导机床得到所需运动。
为更好理解控制单元的作用,可将它与拨号电话进行比较,即每拨一个数字,就储存一个,当整个数字拨好后,电话就被激活,也就完成了呼叫。
装在控制单元里的纸带阅读机,通过其内的硅光二极管,检测到穿过移动纸带上的孔漏
过的光线,将光束转变成电能,并通过放大来进一步加强信号,然后将信号送到控制单元里的寄存器,由它将动作信号传到机床驱动装置。
有些光电装置能以高达每秒1000个字节的速度阅读,这对保持机床连续动作是必须的,否则,在轮廓加工时,刀具可能在工件上产生划痕。阅读装置必须要能以比控制系统处理数据更快的速度来阅读数据程序块。
反馈装置是用在一些数控设备上的安全装置,它可连续补偿控制位置与机床运动滑台的实际位置之间的误差。装有这种直接反馈检查装置的数控机床有一个闭环系统装置。位置控制通过传感器实现,在实际工作时,记录下滑台的位置,并将这些信息送回控制单元。接受到的信号与纸带输入的信号相比较,它们之间的任何偏差都可得到纠正。
在另一个称为开环的系统中,机床仅由响应控制器命令的步进电动机驱动定位,工件的精度几乎完全取决于丝杠的精度和机床结构的刚度。有几个理由可以说明步进电机是一个自动化申请的非常有用的驱动装置。对于一件事物,它被不连续直流电压脉冲驱使,是来自数传计算机和其他的自动化的非常方便的输出控制系统。当多数是索引或其他的自动化申请所必备者的时候,步进电机对运行一个精确的有角进步也是理想的。因为控制系统不需要监听就提供特定的输出指令而且期待系统适当地反应的公开-环操作造成一个回应环,步进电机是理想的。一些工业的机械手使用高抬腿运步的马乘汽车驾驶员,而且步进电机是有用的在数字受约束的工作母机中。这些申请的大部分是公开-环 ,但是雇用回应环检测受到驱策的成份位置是可能的。环的一个分析者把真实的位置与需要的位置作比较,而且不同是考虑过的错误。那然后驾驶员能发行对步进电机的电脉冲,直到错误被减少对准零位。在这个系统中,没有信息反馈到控制单元的自矫正过程。出现误动作时,控制单元继续发出电脉冲。比如,一台数控铣床的工作台突然过载,阻力矩超过电机转矩时,将没有响应信号送回到控制器。因为,步进电机对载荷变化不敏感,所以许多数控系统设计允许电机停转。然而,尽管有可能损坏机床结构或机械传动系统,也有使用带有特高转矩步进电机的其他系统,此时,电动机有足够能力来应付系统中任何偶然事故。
最初的数控系统采用开环系统。在开、闭环两种系统中,闭环更精确,一般说来更昂贵。起初,因为原先传统的步进电动机的功率限制,开环系统几乎全部用于轻加工场合,最近出现的电液步进电动机已越来越多地用于较重的加工领域。
第四篇：机械类专业课程名称中英文对照
机械制图 Mechanical Drawing
可编程序控制技术 Controlling Technique for Programming
金工实习Metal Working Practice
毕业实习Graduation Practice理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics
材料力学 Material Mechanics
数字电子电路 Fundamental Digital Circuit
机械控制工程 Mechanical Control Engineering
可靠性工程 Reliability Engineering
机械工程测试技术 Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering
计算机控制系统 Computer Control System
机器人技术基础 Fundamentals of Robot Techniques
最优化技术 Techniques of Optimum
工程测试与信号处理 Engineering Testing & Signal Processing
金属工艺及设计 Metal Technics & Design
机械工业企业管理 Mechanic Industrial Enterprise Management
机械零件课程设计 Course Design of Machinery Elements
投资经济学 Investment Economics
现代企业管理 Modern Enterprise Administration
市场营销学 Market Selling生产实习Production Practice
课程设计 Course Exercise
有限元法 FInite Element
金工实习Metalworking Practice
液压传动 Hydraulic Transmission微机原理及接口技术 Principle & Interface Technique of Micro-computer微机原理及接口技术 Principle & Interface Technique of Micro-computer
数控技术 Digit Control Technique活塞膨胀机 Piston Expander
活塞式制冷压缩机 Piston Refrigerant Compreessor
活塞式压缩机 Piston Compressor
活塞式压缩机基础设计 Basic Design of Piston Compressor
活塞压缩机结构强度 Structural Intensity of Piston Compressor
活赛压机气流脉动 Gas Pulsation of Piston Pressor
货币银行学 Currency Banking
基本电路理论 Basis Theory of Circuit
基础写作 Fundamental Course of Composition
机床电路 Machine Tool Circuit
机床电器 Machine Tool Electric Appliance
机床电气控制 Electrical Control of Machinery Tools
机床动力学 Machine Tool Dynamics
机床设计 Machine Tool design
机床数字控制 Digital Control of Machine Tool
机床液压传动 Machinery Tool Hydraulic Transmission
机电传动 Mechanical & Electrical Transmission
机电传动控制 Mechanical & electrical Transmission Control
机电耦合系统 Mechanical & Electrical Combination System
机电系统计算机仿真 Computer Simulation of Mechanic/Electrical Systems
机电一体化 Mechanical & Electrical Integration
机构学 Structuring
机器人 Robot
机器人控制技术 Robot Control Technology
机械产品学 Mechanic Products
机械产品造型设计 Shape Design of Mechanical Products
机械工程控制基础 Basic Mechanic Engineering Control
机械加工自动化 Automation in Mechanical Working
机械可靠性 Mechanical Reliability
机械零件 Mechanical Elements
机械零件设计 Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design
机械零件设计基础 Basis of Machinery Elements Design
机械设计 Mechanical Designing
机械设计基础 Basis of Mechanical Designing
机械设计课程设计 Course Exercise in Mechanical Design
机械设计原理 Principle of Mechanical Designing
机械式信息传输机构 Mechanical Information Transmission Device
机械原理 Principle of Mechanics
机械原理和机械零件 Mechanism & Machinery
机械原理及机械设计 Mechanical Designing
机械原理及应用 Mechanical Principle & Mechanical Applications
机械原理课程设计 Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle
机械原理与机械零件 Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Elements
机械原理与机械设计 Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Design
机械噪声控制 Control of Mechanical Noise
机械制造概论 Introduction to Mechanical Manufacture
机械制造工艺学 Technology of Mechanical Manufacture
机械制造基础 Fundamental of Mechanical Manufacture
机械制造基础(金属工艺学)Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing(Meta
机械制造系统自动化 Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System
机械制造中计算机控制 Computer Control in Mechanical Manufacture
互换性与技术测量 Elementary Technology of Exchangeability Measurement焊接方法 Welding Method
焊接方法及设备 Welding Method & Equipment
焊接检验 Welding Testing
焊接结构 Welding Structure
焊接金相 Welding Fractography
焊接金相分析 Welding Fractography Analysis
焊接冶金 Welding Metallurgy
焊接原理 Fundamentals of Welding
焊接原理及工艺 Fundamentals of Welding & Technology
焊接自动化 Automation of Welding工程材料的力学性能测试 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials
工程材料及热处理 Engineering Material and Heat Treatment
工程材料学 Engineering Materials
工程测量 Engineering Surveying
工程测试技术 Engineering Testing Technique
工程测试实验 Experiment on Engineering Testing工程测试信息 Information of Engineering Testing工程动力学 Engineering Dynamics
工程概论 Introduction to Engineering
工程概预算 Project Budget
工程经济学 Engineering Economics
工程静力学 Engineering Statics
工程力学 Engineering Mechanics
工程热力学 Engineering Thermodynamics
工程项目评估 Engineering Project Evaluation
工程优化方法 Engineering Optimizational Method工程运动学 Engineering Kinematics
工程造价管理 Engineering Cost Management
工程制图 Graphing of Engineering电机学 Electrical Motor电机学及控制电机 Electrical Machinery Control & Technology
第五篇：机械专业英语词汇中英文对照
机床 machine tool
金属工艺学 technology of metals刀具 cutter摩擦 friction联结 link
传动 drive/transmission轴 shaft弹性 elasticity
频率特性 frequency characteristic误差 error响应 response定位 allocation机床夹具 jig动力学 dynamic运动学 kinematic静力学 static
分析力学 analyse mechanics拉伸 pulling压缩 hitting剪切 shear扭转 twist
弯曲应力 bending stress
强度 intensity
三相交流电 three-phase AC磁路 magnetic circles变压器 transformer
异步电动机 asynchronous motor几何形状 geometrical精度 precision正弦形的 sinusoid交流电路 AC circuit
机械加工余量 machining allowance变形力 deforming force变形 deformation应力 stress硬度 rigidity热处理 heat treatment退火 anneal正火 normalizing脱碳 decarburization渗碳 carburization电路 circuit
半导体元件 semiconductor element反馈 feedback
发生器 generator
直流电源 DC electrical source门电路 gate circuit逻辑代数 logic algebra
外圆磨削 external grinding内圆磨削 internal grinding平面磨削 plane grinding变速箱 gearbox离合器 clutch绞孔 fraising绞刀 reamer
螺纹加工 thread processing螺钉 screw铣削 mill
铣刀 milling cutter功率 power工件 workpiece
齿轮加工 gear mechining齿轮 gear
主运动 main movement
主运动方向 direction of main movement进给方向 direction of feed
进给运动 feed movement
合成进给运动 resultant movement of feed合成切削运动 resultant movement of cutting
合成切削运动方向 direction of resultant
movement of cutting切削深度 cutting depth前刀面 rake face刀尖 nose of tool前角 rake angle后角 clearance angle龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck
加工中心 machining center车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削 镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith
锻 forge压模 stamping焊 weld
拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造 found
流体动力学 fluid dynamics流体力学 fluid mechanics加工 machining
液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent
机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration
气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure
稳定性 stability
介质 medium
液压驱动泵 fluid clutch
液压泵 hydraulic pump
阀门 valve
失效 invalidation
强度 intensity
载荷 load
应力 stress
安全系数 safty factor可靠性 reliability螺纹 thread螺旋 helix键 spline销 pin
滚动轴承 rolling bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing弹簧 spring
制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead联轴器 coupling链 chain
皮带 strap
精加工 finish machining
粗加工 rough machining
变速箱体 gearbox casing
腐蚀 rust
氧化 oxidation
磨损 wear
耐用度 durability
随机信号 random signal离散信号 discrete signal超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor
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