吸烟与健康Smoking And Health

第一篇：吸烟与健康Smoking And Health

吸烟与健康Smoking And Health

作者:adreep来源:互联网时间:2012-01-24 Smoking And Health Today smoking is a widespread habit ali over the world.Not only the old, the youth, but also middle school students have been engaged in smoking.Many of them think that smoking is a smart symbol.However, smoking is harmful to one's ,health.It contributes a lot of lung cancer, from which many people have died in the past years.It can also cause many other diseases.In a word, if you smoke, you do have a much greater chance of losing your health.Furthermore, scientific research shows that smoking is not only harmful to smokers themselves, but also a threat to public health, especially to women and children.Therefore, many countries have made laws forbidding smokers to smoke m public places such as cinemas, stations, hospitals, and so on Giveup smoking!If you don't smoke, don't start.Give upsmoking for the sake of your health, for the sake of your family, and for the sake of the whole world.远离香烟 Give up Smoking

作者:adreep来源:互联网时间:2012-04-27 Nowadays, many school students smoke, and the number is growing increasingly, which makes school and parents worried.According to a survey, more than two fifths of the students smoke in a school.They often get extra money from their parents to pay for cigarette, but their parents usually do not realize it.Even, some students steal money to buy cigarette, which is really a serious event.For middle school students, smoking do more harm to them than to adults, which is not only harmful to the body, but also detrimental to thinking.Furthermore, smoking is also harmful to others.Experts say that the second-hand smoke do more harm to others than the smoker.In short, smoking is a bad habit which wastes of money as well as do harm to health.如何保持健康 How to Keep Healthy

作者:adreep来源:互联网时间:2012-04-16 People often ask and are asked that what is the most important thing in life.Some people answer that family is the most important and others say love, work or money.In my opinion, health is the most important in life.However, how to keep healthy?

Firstly, being positive.A positive attitude towards life must be good to health.It also brings you power to overcome disease.Secondly, taking exercise regularly.Taking exercise regularly or even every day helps you build a strong body which is the base of health.Exercise can improve the ability of the body to fight disease.Thirdly, making friends, because friendship is an important part to influence your health.Many studies show that people with a wide range of social contacts get sick less than those who don＇t.I always feel better when I am with friends than when I am alone.Finally, eating properly, having good rest and building normal daily routine are aslo important to health.Health is a problem we should attach importance to.Only build a healthy body can us live a better life.关于高中生学习压力

作者:adreep来源:互联网时间:2012-02-24

1、Stress is an unavoidable consequence of life.生活中，情绪低落是不可避免的。

2、Good health is more than just the absence of illness.身体健康并不仅仅意味着无病。或者： 没病并不意味着身体健康。

3、Rather, it is a very robust state of physical and emotional well being that acknowledges the importance and inseparability of mind/body relationships.Stress comes in all shapes and size, and has become pervasive, it seems to penetrate everything and everybody, it's hard to get through a day without hearing or reading something about stress.Some doctors refer to stress as some kind of new plague天灾, 灾害, 祸患.However, numerous surveys confirm that the problem has progressively risen since the 1980s.Why all the disorder? After all, stress has been around since Adam and Eve were in the Garden of Eden, Stress is an unavoidable consequence of life.Without stress, there would be no life.However, just as distress can caw disease, there are good stresses that balance this, and promote wellness.Increased stress results in increased productivity--up to a point.However, this level differs for each of us.It's very much like the stress on a violin string.Not enough produces a dull.harsh sound.Too much makes sharp, annoying noir, or causes the string to snap.However, just the right degree can create magnificent tones.Similarly, we all need to find the proper level of stress that promotes optimal performance, and enables us to make harmonious music.Good health is more than just the absence of illness.Rather, it is a very robust state of physical and emotional well being that acknowledges the importance and inseparability of mind/body relationships.In the next program.I hope you will join me in the pursuit of learning how to exploit stress, so that it can work for you.and make you more productive, rather than self-destructive.如何面对压力 How to Deal with Stress

作者:adreep来源:互联网时间:2011-09-20

Stress is a state of being upset that happens when we are under pressure.Both our feelings and our bodies get upset.We can even get emotionally and physically sick if we have too much stress for too long.Stress can come at us from every direction.For instance, it can come from fights with other people.It can come when we have too many things to do and too little time to do them.It can also come when we do not have enough money to pay for what we want.Since stress can make us sick, we have to learn how to deal with it.There are good ways and bad ways to do so.We should deal with stress in good ways, of course.Good ways to cut down on stress include changing our lifestyles.For example, we can learn either to get along with people or to stay away from them.We can decide what to do now, what to do later, and what to leave off doing forever.We can also figure out how to get money or we can cut down on what we want.We should not deal with stress in bad ways because bad ways to cut down on stress just lead to more troubles, for example, skipping out and leaving our work undone, blaming our problems on someone else, stealing or cheating.如何应对压力 How to Cope with Stress

作者:adreep来源:互联网时间:2012-03-31 With the development of society, the competition of the entire society is more and more intense, causing increasing pressure to people.Stress of study, work and life are ubiquitous, but how can we deal with it? Here are some tips that I hope can be useful.Firstly, keep good health.A healthy body is the premise to face presure.It’s the least capacity to cope with stress when a person is sick.Secondly, to accept the pressure.The reason why many people can not cope with stress is that they resist and escape it.Actually, there always is trouble and problems once we chose a path to go, because almost everything worth doing is not so easy.Thirdly, solve the problem, rather than complain about it.Many people complain about the surroundings and don’t think about the solutions when faced with problems.We all know that complaint can do nothing but only let you down.As long as the problem not solved, the pressure is always there.Fourthly, tell others your pressure and get help from them.Lots of pressure can’t be solved by our own and the rational way is talking the pressure to workmates or friends to get help from them.But the premise to do so is that we don’t intend to put pressure to others but to seek help and support to solve problems.Of course, there also are some other ways to cope with stress, such as readjusting goal and expectation, playing games to relax, even shopping or eating.But no matter how, solving the problem that causes stress is the best way.我的梦想并不遥远 My dream isn't far away

作者:adreep来源:互联网时间:2012-02-19 In my opinion, the movie “ the pursuit of happyness “ is a eaningful film, the hero of the movie is an active man.Though his life was very hard, his wife left because of the situation of their family, his work was also unfortunate, he never gave up and still work hard, then he took care of his little son.He is going after happiness all the time, so his life is running.Time is very importmant to him, he must finish his task on time , or he wouldn’t live a steady life , he has to pay the rent and taxes and so on, but he insist on taking every chance to make his life live better and he believe in himself.Finally, he succeed , his part of life in the movie is moving and real.I also like the song in the movie very much, it says “ the mountains have high places and low places ……”

Everyone has a dream, if you work as hard as the hero of the movie , your dream will come ture, so I will learn from the hero---Chris Gardner.And I believe my dream isn’t far away!

关于坚持 On Perseverance

作者:adreep来源:互联网时间:2012-02-16

Behind every great achievement in anyone's life lies perseverance.We see this in every human endeavour.Outstanding sportsmen spend all their time practising.Their endurance is beyond imagination.The same is true of businessmen who build up fortunes.What we usually see are their achievements, but once we go behind the scenes we will find that they have put in a lot of continual steady efforts.We all have read of great musicians, writers and inventors who have created or discovered breakthroughs in human achievement.Invariably they have said that they owe all their success to perseverance.As to college students, quite a big number of then, have become successful language learners through perseverance, however, a certain group of then, just stop half way and their previous efforts turn out to be fruitless.Of all the countless examples the saga of Colonel Saunders is perhaps one of the most outstanding.The 65-year-old man from Kentucky had a dream to start a chain of fried chicken restaurants all over the world.To realize his dream, he knew that he needed a restaurant owner to go into partnership with him to open the first restaurant and to fry chicken according to the secret recipe he had.Colonel Saunders had knocked on 1008 doors before he finally found his partner.It is doubtful whether many of us would have had the perseverance to knock even a hundred doors.From the above discussion we can draw a conclusion that success comes to anyone who keeps working perseveringly and lack of perseverance can only result in frustration and failure.防止战争：

To prevent the mutual slaughter of human beings, countries shouldtry to solve their differences through international organizations such as the United Nations or by other peaceful means.In addition, the world people should never stop condemning those warmongers and send them to their graves if they dare launch new wars.Peace

Peace and development are two main themes of the world today,but we still have rigional conflicts or even local wars in the middle east or places alike.Comparing with prosperity and peace, war and death would be last choices for human beings,but why people choose to behave so radical and cruel, I think there are many factors acount for this: power politics and hegemony pactising by major countries like the U.S.religious and belief difference of people.the ever growing gap between the western countries and their counterparts.maintain peace of the world is by no means an easy task at all, it entails combined efforts from all walks of life,narrow the gap between developed nations and the poor ones politically and economically,bring international roles of organizations like the UN and WTO into full play thus stop war at the first sight.Globalization is progressing with each passing day and we have already in the bracement of the new centry, we are and we should be confident that we can stop the evil spirit of war by jointed efforts.关于 do you eat to live or live to eat

We all know the truth: man alive is to do something meaningful, you may say, I live to eat, indeed, we have their different views.I think that we eat is just to live, eat just as we do other things and energy.Today I stand here, think about this question, it is to say, we should make a useful person, not worthless through life, to reflect their value.Therefore, eat to live Live to eat

Eastern cultures have long regarded eating and mealtime as sacred, pleasurable time for the soul to enjoy and take in all the wonders of the earth into their bodies.I'd like to bring that sense of joy about eating to America.Really goodcan be almost an orgasmic experience.It is pleasurable, fulfilling...even sensual.Tasty food helps to release chemicals in our brains that make us feel joy and comfort.Few things in life accomplish this so well.So darn tootin' I live to eat.And when I'm packin' on those calories I'm sure to spend them on only the creamiest wax-free chocolates, the most flavorful pastas, the most tender steaks, and the crispiest bread and rolls.That way when my pants are snug I can still have a smile on my face knowing it was worth it.I think I do a little bit of both.I have to admit I really don't care that much about “good” food.I try to eat healthy because I'm interested in being healthy, and for the most part it's quite easy for me because I'm really not interested in fast foods and fried foods give me a belly ache.I also don't eat meat, so that means I have to be extra careful to get enough protein.That's the “eat-to-live” part.That being said, I might very well have the biggest sweet tooth of anyone you'll ever come across.I just LOOOOVVVEE cookies and cake and pie and scones and FROZEN YOGURT!Just the thought of a big bowl of it makes my toes curl!I have to have tea and cookies every night of my life before I go to bed or I just can't sleep.I seldom feel “hungry” for anything foodlike--but if you wave a cup of coffee and a big, honkin' cinnamon bun in my face, I'll follow you anywhere!Definitely “live to eat!” When I go to a restaurant, the first thing I check out is the dessert menu.And then I bide my time and try to act mature until dessert time.A lot of my girlfriends won't order it because they're watching their weight, but I notice that if the waiter give us lots of spoons, they'll always do their part!I used to think I'd grow out of my excessive love for sweets, until finally one day I realized that this is as grown up as I'm ever going to get, and it's not happening.Then I decided that, what the heck, what's the big deal? As far as vices go, it's cheaper than cocaine!eat to live

OMG.I wish they just would make a food pill.I lost a HUGE amount of weight 25 years ago(over 200 lbs/NO GASTRIC--all by myself)and fankly it is frustrating working so hard to keep it off.I quit smoking & went thru menopause 7 years ago at the same time, and I was able to do it with ONLY a 7 ppund weight gain--which I took off, but gee I wish it wasn't a constant thing---------taking a food pill would be much easier.It is much harder keeping it off then losing it.Maintence is hard and its very easy to backslide.People who lose 50 lbs.plus have a 98% failure rate.I was lucky because........I was so determined.I hate being controlled.Its only food........it shouldn't be so hard!关于人生目标的英文作文

aim of life The goal of my life is living a simple happy and healthy life.What I want is a simple life not a complicated one.Because what my job or career offers me are difficult issues which I must handle them properly, and sometimes they are so boring and tedious,but I have to do.So after a day's work, I want to have a break and do some things which would provide me happiness and a harmonious life.It is so simple like that, I have a supper with my families talking some funny and humourous topics, or I sit on grass with who I loved looking at the beautiful sky and counting the numbers of the stars.It is simple, but very harmonious and romantic.I also want to spend sometime on my hobbies,such as playing table tennis,badminton,basketball and so forth.I like sports very much and I believe it will benefit me all my life.What I gained from sports are not only speed,strength and skill but also competitiveness,teamwork and so on.Sports could give me a strong and energetic body and a healthy life.The goals of my life are just written as above,and they will be pursued by myself all my life.美丽不是表面的 范文1：

In the above cartoons, a young woman happily eats bananas and casually discards the peels on the street, unaware of the fact that such actions not only pollute the environment but also pose a danger to others.In the next illustration adisabled man struggles to properly dispose of the trash she has left behind.Despite the girl's youth and beauty, it is the disabled man who is truly beautiful.True beauty comes from one's actions rather than one's appearance.While most of us enjoy pretty appearances, it is more important to cultivate a clean and beautiful soul.Only such souls can create a genuinely beautiful society. Chinese traditionally uphold the virtues of modesty, generosity, broadmindedness, and politeness.Confucian teachings such as: “do not do to others as you would not want done to you” and “one should be delighted to hear criticism,” are wise and worthwhile.If people embody these teachings our society can only improve and progress.

The thoughts of great minds like Confucius are also worth studying.His writings set fine and noble examples for us to follow.Another proverb thus comes to mind: in the company of three one always can find a teacher.We should always be willing and able to learn from those around us.范文2：

In the cartoon, a young, welldressed girl thew a banana peel onto the ground instead of the garbage bin.Afterwards an old, disabled man put it into the garbage bin.

Being well dressed is of great importance in keeping a good appearance.The way a person is dressed helps him to have a good appearance, which conveys his confidence and attitudes towards life.However, we should always bear this in mind: don't judge a person by his appearance.One's confidence and good impression on others does not usually develop from the way one dresses or looks, but the inner qualities one possesses.Because of this, the old man is displaying a more beautiful virtue even though he is disabled and somewhat ugly physically compared with the young girl.

No doubt beauty usually refers to what appeals to the eyes.A nice, pretty girl is regarded as beautiful.A bunch of vigorous flowers are also considered as beautiful.A splendid waterfall coming down from a mountain is as well looked upon as beautiful.However, beauty also refers to what appeals to the mind.The virtues of the Chinese people are regarded as beautiful, because they have helped to produce such a magnificent culture in the world.In a word, we should not only pay attention to our physical appearance, but also improve our heart and soul.奉献

Directions:

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1)describe the drawing, 2)interpret its meaning, and 3)support your view with examples.You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)范文1:

Groups of bees work together to produce honey.Their great efforts are not selfish, however, as the amount of honey they produce is for an entire group rather than a single inpidual.

The drawing above suggests that people should selflessly dedicate themselvesto their community as a whole.This spirit of dedication requires faith.Selfless hard work is an embodiment of responsibility and strength.

The health of nations requires a spirit of devotion.Chinese teachers, doctors and athletes who all work for the benefit of their country, for example, aredevoting themselves regardless of fame or fortune.They are dedicated to the society they live within.No matter what type of job one holds, one should work hard and in earnest to improve one's community.

The results of dedication, however, depend not only on one's willingness to give but also on one's ability.If you are enthusiastic about devoting yourself to your country, but do not have the skills it takes to do so, you cannot effect much change.The more competent, one is, the greater one's contribution.Therefore, it is essential that students focus on their studies and enhance their skills in order to properly give back to society.译文:

成群结队的蜜蜂在一起酿蜜,它们付出这样大的辛劳并不是为自己,而是因为它们酿出的蜜可以为整个群体而非个人所享用。

上面的这幅画启发人们应该无私地把自己奉献给整个社会。奉献精神要求人们拥有信念,忘我的工作是责任和力量的化身。

国家的兴旺需要奉献精神。例如我国的教师、医生或是运动员,他们都在为祖国利益而操劳,他们奉献出自己不是为了出名或得利。他们献身于自己的社会。不管一个人从事什么样的工作,他都应该为了改善社会而努力积极地工作。 但一个人的奉献所能取得的成效,并不仅仅只取决于他乐于奉献,还取决于他自身的能力。如果你满腔热忱地想献身于祖国,但却没有所需的技能,那你也不会做出大的贡献。一个人的能力越大,那他能做出的贡献就越大。所以,对学生来说最主要的是要把注意力集中到学习上,增强自己的技能,以待有朝一日能以适当的方式报效社会。范文2:

We can see from the drawing, a swarm of bees flying here and there busily working to produce honey, which will be enjoyed by human beings rather than themselves.

Human beings show more respect to bees than to other animals, not for their diligence, but for their dedication to others.We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earliest years to be greedy.We are taught early on to be materialistic and taught to consider things, or to be exact, money, “mine” or “yours”.It seems impossible to live in the modern society without money.Money is even regarded as a symbol of wealth and social position.There is a saying that goes, “money makes a mare go.” People seem to look more highly upon ones' possession of money rather than one's dedication to society.

Some people pursue their own personal benefits at the cost of others.Some people always ask for payment after their “dedication”.Dedication and expecting nothing in return is the highest level of devotion.Lei Feng's spirit of dedication is such a typical example.Bees produce honey as a result of their hard work to the human beings without asking for any repayment.That is why we respect bees.Dedication can bring us happiness and a sense of fulfillment.One who devotes himself to society and people will have a lot of enjoyment from the process of dedication.译文:

我们从这幅画中可以看到,一群蜜蜂飞来飞去忙着采蜜,它们不是为了自己享受,而是为了给人类酿造甜美的蜂蜜。比起其他动物人们更加尊重蜜蜂,不是因为它们的勤劳,而是因为它们的奉献精神。我们生活在一个物质社会,从小就受到了贪婪索取的训练。早期物质方面的教育使我们从小就对 “你的”和“我的”东西,或者具体一点,也就是金钱,泾渭分明。在当今社会,没有钱是不能生存的。金钱甚至被看作是财富和社会地位的象征。俗话说,“有钱能使鬼推磨。”人们似乎更看中一个人财富的多少,而不是这个人对社会贡献的大小。

有些人为了追求自己的利益而不惜牺牲他人的利益。有些人在所谓的“奉献”过后总是索取回报。只奉献不求索取才是奉献的最高境界。雷锋的奉献精神就是一个典型的例子。蜜蜂用它们的辛勤劳动为人类酿造了甜美的蜂蜜,却从不求索取,不图回报。这正是人们尊重蜜蜂的原因。奉献能给我们带来幸福和成就感。奉献于社会和人民的那些人也一定会从奉献中得到极大的快乐。

第二篇：吸烟与健康

经济与管理学院

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程龙

《吸烟与健康》之我见

[摘要] 5月31日是“世界无烟日（World No-Tobacco Day），”自20世纪50年代以来，全球范围内已有大量流行病学研究证实，吸烟是导致肺癌的首要危险因素。为了引起国际社会对烟草危害人类健康的重视，世界卫生组织1987年11月建议将每年的4月7日定为“世界无烟日”，并于1988年开始执行。自1989年起，世界无烟日改为每年的5月31日。

提起烟草，可以说是尽人皆知。全世界约有10亿多人几乎以烟草为伴。在全球控烟运动风起云涌的今天，对烟草的评价更是毁誉参半。从来没有任可一种植物象烟草这样对人类社会产生如此重大的影响。

1烟草的历史

纵观西方文明史，烟草虽然已经从昔日的“英雄”沦落为今日的“罪魁祸首”，但它在世界经济结构中仍然充当着重要角色。如果剥去烟草在社会、环境、健康等方面的附加因素，单纯来看烟草的发展历史，的确非常精彩。事实上，烟草是一种药用植物。它能长到大约三英尺高，有着浓密的烟叶。烟叶里含着一种名叫尼古丁的麻醉药。长期吸食，尼古丁能让人上瘾。

西蒙·欧文 烟草代理商：“烟草是一种美洲植物，它主要来自南美洲安第斯山地区的阿根廷和玻利维亚。印第安人刚开始咀嚼它，经济与管理学院

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程龙 后来又吸食它。直到沃尔特·拉雷格爵士从英格兰跨海来到美洲，才产生了西方人的使用方法。拉雷格爵士把烟草带到了欧洲。烟草的出口开启了世界烟草工业的发展。”

烟草进入人类社会生活始于拉丁美洲的原始社会。当时拉丁美洲的当地居民（印第安人）还处在以采集和狩猎为主要生产活动的时期。人们在尝植物时，尝到的烟草辣舌味，闻到醉人的香气，能提神解乏，于是把它当作刺激物来咀嚼，烟草迈出了进入人类生活的第一步。当地居民吸食烟草，据说主要是为了祛邪治病，颇有迷信色彩，后来慢慢成了一种癖好。

15世纪末叶，西班牙探险家哥伦布在寻找通往印度的新航线时，无意中发现了美洲这块新大陆。按照哥伦布航海日志，1492年10月13日记载，当地居民将一些烟叶送给哥伦布。当时，哥伦布虽然没有吸，但他的一些同伴却吸得很起劲。这是迄今所知有文字记载的欧洲人，也是美洲域外的人首次吸食烟草的权威记载。

我国古代没有烟草种植也没有关于吸烟的记载。华夏臣民吸烟是由外邦传入的，故有“洋烟”之称。烟草传入我国的时间，大约是在16世纪下半叶至17世纪初的明朝万历年间。据考证竟有4条路线。当时人们的吸烟方式，最常的有两种：一是吸旱烟，用烟斗或者将烟叶卷成筒状燃吸；一是吸鼻烟。此外有吸水烟的。1881年卷烟机问世，出现了机器制造的卷烟——纸烟（香烟）。经济与管理学院

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程龙 由于纸烟具有便于吸食，便于运销与便于谋利等三大特点，加之西方烟商的商业宣传，千方百计向国内外大量推销，到本世纪20年代，喷云吐雾，吸食纸烟，渐渐成为风靡世界的时髦。国王、总统、达官贵人在众目睽睽之下，缕缕青烟，袅袅直上，以显示其身价、风度和气派。在本世纪50年代，吸烟达到风靡全球的顶峰。最先使用机器卷烟，并把纸烟大量运销世界各地的英国，3/4的男人吸烟，妇女吸烟者竟多达900万人，即占英国成年妇女的半数！烟雾弥漫英国千家万户，烟害遍及英国城市乡村。

2吸烟与健康（1）选择卷烟有讲究

吸烟者在消费卷烟制品时，为了减少危害，增进健康(健康食品)，一定要有选择。这里所说的“有选择”，是指在众多的卷烟品牌中，尽可能选择相对安全性较高的卷烟。要遵循这样的选择原则：在滤嘴烟与无嘴烟之间选择滤嘴烟；在低焦油与高焦油之间选择低焦油(油食品)卷烟；在混合烤烟型之间选择混合型烟；不要吸食霉变的卷烟。

(2)晨起不宜吸烟

“清晨一支烟，精神好一天”——这是一些“老烟枪”的自我感觉，他们清晨醒来第一件事就是燃上一支香烟，还美其名曰“早烟提神”。

睁开睡眼，抽一支香烟，将一夜新陈代谢后血液中降下来的尼古 经济与管理学院

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程龙 丁浓度“弥补”上来，这对于那些“ 烟鬼”来说，精神确实可“为之一振”。殊不知，经过了一个晚上，房间里的空气没有流通，甚是污浊，混杂着香烟的烟雾又被重新吸进肺中；另外，空腹吸烟，烟气会刺激支气管分泌液体，久而久之就会引发慢性支气管炎。民间有句谚语：“早上吸烟，早归西天”，已为人们敲响了警钟。虽然说得有些夸大，但在一定程度上也可以说明早晨吸烟的危害性和严重性。（3）健康拒绝“二手烟”

主动吸烟是指吸烟者本人吸烟；“吸二手烟”又称“强迫吸烟”是指自己不吸烟，但在同一环境中无可奈何地吸入主动吸烟者喷出来的烟气和卷烟燃烧时散发在环境中的烟雾。吸入这种烟气所降烟雾，每天达15分钟以上者，就属于被动吸烟。据我国对51万人吸烟情况的抽样调查，被动吸烟危害人数达40%，受害场地一是家庭，二是公共场所。几乎以往所有医学研究都认为，不吸烟的妻子与吸烟的丈夫结婚，得肺癌的危险性明显增加，而且这种危险性与丈夫吸烟的严重程度呈正比。

然而，长期以来，这种现实却被人们忽视了，而且大多认为吸烟危害主要来自于吸烟者本人的主动吸烟，其实不然。吸烟时卷烟经燃烧散发的烟雾可分为主流烟雾和支流烟雾两种。被动吸烟者主要吸入的是支流烟雾，而主动吸烟者吸入的主流烟雾在体内被吸收的仅占70%，还有30%又呼出体外，混入支流烟雾中，被动吸烟者吸入的支流烟雾的成分从定性上来讲与主流烟雾基本相同，但在数量上却有所经济与管理学院

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程龙 差别，其有害成分比主流烟雾高。譬如：一氧化碳的含量支流烟雾是主流烟雾的5倍，焦油(油食品)和烟碱是3倍，苯并芘是4倍，氨是46倍，亚硝胺是50倍，尼古丁是2倍甚至几十倍，此外，甲醛、甲苯、丙酮、吡啶、二氧化氮、苯胺、酚、镉、镍的比值也很高。当吸一支卷烟时，要散发出2000毫升烟雾，含有害物质约300多种，其中致癌物质40多种，促癌物质10多种。由此可见，“吸二手烟”不仅将遭受到与“吸一手烟”同样的危害，而且对健康(健康食品)的损害还更为严重、更为强烈。

“清洁空气，拒吸二手烟”是21世纪的第一个“世界无烟日”的主题，值得令人深思。吸烟是一种十足的“损人不利己”的行为，而且吸“一手烟”的人，同时还会吸入由自己制造的“二手烟”，可谓雪上加霜，因此，作为一个有良知者，为了他人和自己的健康，应当主动放弃这种行为

3被动吸烟对青少年伤害大

美国亚特兰大市疾病防治及控制中心的研究人员近日声称，他们已发现了迄今为止最确凿的证据，证明被动吸烟极有可能导致幼童以及青少年(少年食品)患上哮喘等疾病，并使其肺部功能遭到损害。

研究人员之一戴维-马尼诺医生在接受路透社采访时表示：“让儿童(儿童食品)被动吸烟等于将他们置于危险之中，因为他们会随时感染疾病，不仅是幼儿(幼儿食品)，包括青少年在内都会受到负面影响。” 经济与管理学院

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程龙

此前已有研究表明，被动吸烟者遭受的损害并不比主动吸烟者轻，但由于相关研究数据缺乏，科学家并未就此得到明确的结论。这次，上述研究人员通过对被测者血液中一种名为cotinine的化学物质进行跟踪测试得出了较为决定性的结论。

研究发现，被动吸烟者肺部吸入的烟量越多，cotinine在血液中的含量就越高。研究人员发现4至16岁的儿童和青少年如果血液中的cotinine含量很高最有可能患上哮喘等疾病，因此而影响他们的身体发育以及学业。

马尼诺医生说：“cotinine可以被用作观测人们体内吸入多少烟量的最佳指示器，那些经常被动吸烟的儿童血液中cotinine的含量往往是正常儿童的十几倍。同时，主动吸烟者血液中cotinine的含量则是被动吸烟者的100多倍。”不过，马尼诺医生指出，使用cotinine这一观测方法仅能探测出被动吸烟者最近3至4天的被动吸烟情况。

4应付烟瘾发作的9项措施

（1）尽可能做些别的事转移注意力。今后应当试改变或避开这种令自己想吸烟的情况。

(2)在室外站直进行深呼吸，几分钟后烟瘾就会减弱。

(3)逐一提醒自己戒烟的原因。

(4)如果可能，尽量在没有人吸烟的环境当中工作。经济与管理学院

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程龙

(5)写一封信，或打一个电话。

(6)喝一大杯水，也可吃一点高蛋白食物。

(7)嚼一片不含糖分的口香糖。有些人认为镇静剂或戒烟药片有帮助，但这些药并非对每个人都有效，故应先征询医师意见。

(8)回想吸烟的种种害处如：只要一根烟就可使动脉收窄、血压(血压食品)升高和心脏增加额外负担一个半小时。

法国总统戴高乐将军也是一位著名的“戒烟将军”。1947年11月28日，戴高乐将军当众宣布戒烟，这是他为纪念在这天逝世的老战友勒克莱将军作的决定。当时，戴高乐将军已年近花甲。在此之前，他每天要吸3盒Nary Cut（切成细片的块形烟草）。

自宣布戒烟到他逝世的长达23年的时间里，他始终遵守诺言，没再吸一支烟。戒烟后他曾后悔过，那是1959年，他向身边的人承认这个许诺把他折磨了许久，不然的话，在写《回忆录》时一边吸烟一边写作，那该是如何惬意的事情！不过，性格坚毅的戴高乐毕竟没有推翻自己庄重的承诺。他从内心深处认识到，为了法国，应当保养好身体。有人问他戒烟成功的“秘诀”，戴高乐的回答只有三个字：“不妥协！”

直到现在，在非洲和美洲的许多国家，烟草仍然是国家经济的主要来源。在坦桑尼亚，烟草是国民赖以生存的主要支柱。它甚至意味经济与管理学院

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程龙 着穷富的划分。农民们把卖掉烟草所得的钱，用来置换粮食和其它生活用品，并为下一季的种植做准备。

烟草业的发展是柄双刃剑，它固然为许多国家增加了国家税收，但是相应地也带来了极为严重的负面影响，人们的生存环境日益恶化是不争的事实。在非洲，人们为了开辟烟田和引水灌溉，毁掉了大片的森林。鉴于目前的情况，坦桑尼亚一些具有先进思想的烟草制造商正和当地农民合作，想方设法把烟草对当地环境的消极影响降到最低程度。

正如烟草的历史一样，未来烟草的种植和香烟生产同样也会争议颇多。从用烟斗吸烟到雪茄再到卷烟，在这种褐色的植物身上，可以看到人类的一切爱恨情愁。

第三篇：吸烟与健康

吸烟与健康

参考：

《吸烟会遭造成40种疾病专题》

《吸烟有害健康，害在哪里》

目前世界上普遍认为烟草的起源于中南美洲，从那个广阔的土地上一步步引起烟草全球化的热潮，在这股热潮也夹杂了消极的一面，吸烟有害健康。也正因为吸烟有害健康，现在大家也越来越关注它。吸烟带来的危害已经成为人类健康面临的最大问题。吸烟有害到底害在哪里？吸烟的害处数不胜数，其中主要有：损害身体、连累家人、浪费金钱、污染环境等等。

吸烟产生焦油、尼古丁、醛类、氮化物、烯烃类、胺类等化学物质，具有刺激呼吸道，刺激交感神经，还有有毒物质等等。英国“烟草致癌发现者”和“流行病学之父”理查德·多尔日前在马德里说，吸烟增加死亡的危险性，可导致四十多种致命的疾病，同时也提高了死亡率。世界卫生组织在发表的文告中说，20世纪90年代世界上每年有300万人因吸烟死亡，且呈不断上升趋势。估计到2020年全球每年因吸烟而死亡的人数将达1000万。到了2050年，吸烟将成为人们过早死亡的头号原因。美国著名流行病学家雷文霍尔特博士也指出，烟害是“20世纪人类最大的灾祸”。从目前拥有的资料看，吸烟造成的致命疾病有口腔癌、食道癌、喉癌、肺癌、胰腺癌、胆囊癌、子宫内膜癌及其他非常罕见的疾病。这些疾病往往都是无药医治，但是有的人也会提出质疑，吸烟不一定就会得不治之症，所以许多烟民都肆无忌惮的，不断地吸食香烟。其实人身上一直都有那些致病因子存于体内，也会有有益因子存与体内，他们互不干扰，香烟只是一个诱导因子，诱导着体内的致病因子让疾病暴发，这种暴发的现象不一定每个人身上都会出现，这是有些烟龄很长的烟民为什么没有得病的原因。

主动吸烟是指吸烟者本人吸烟；“吸二手烟”又称“强迫吸烟、被动吸烟”是指自己不吸烟，但在同一环境中无可奈何地吸入主动吸烟者喷出来的烟气和卷烟燃烧时散发在环境中的烟雾。吸入这种烟气所降烟雾，每天达15分钟以上者，就属于被动吸烟。据我国对51万人吸烟情况的抽样调查，被动吸烟危害人数达40%，受害场地一是家庭，二是公共场所。几乎以往所有医学研究都认为，不吸烟的妻子与吸烟的丈夫结婚，得肺癌的危险性明显增加，而且这种危险性与丈夫吸烟的严重程度呈正比。然而，长期以来，这种现实却被人们忽视了，而且大多认为吸烟危害主要来自于吸烟者本人的主动吸烟，其实不然。吸烟时卷烟经燃烧散发的烟雾可分为主流烟雾和支流烟雾两种。被动吸烟者主要吸入的是支流烟雾，而主动吸烟者吸入的主流烟雾在体内被吸收的仅占70%，还有30%又呼出体外，混入支流烟雾中，被动吸烟者吸入的支流烟雾的成分从定性上来讲与主流烟雾基本相同，但在数量上却有所差别，其有害成分比主流烟雾高。譬如：一氧化碳的含量支流烟雾是主流烟雾的5倍，焦油(油食品)和烟碱是3倍，苯并芘是4倍，氨是46倍，亚硝胺是50倍，尼古丁是2倍甚至几十倍，此外，甲醛、甲苯、丙酮、吡啶、二氧化氮、苯胺、酚、镉、镍的比值也很高。当吸一支卷烟时，要散发出2000毫升烟雾，含有害物质约300多种，其中致癌物质40多种，促癌物质10多种。由此可见，“吸二手烟”不仅将遭受到与“吸一手烟”同样的危害，而且对健康(健康食品)的损害还更为严重、更为强烈。吸烟者除了害自己，也祸及到身边周围的人，看着自己的家人遭受比自己遭受的有害物质高出好几倍，不知那些烟民情何以堪。

不知一个烟民作何感想，只是为了自己的好奇，还有自己所谓的交际应酬需要，还有当吸入口中的一时快感，还能带来多少好处。但是吸烟就会带来你数也数不清的害处。烟，正在慢慢燃尽你的生命！烟草危害已成为当今世界最严重的公共问题之一，也是人类健康所面临的最大问题。然而，烟草，不同于其他自然灾难，是可以预防和控制的，无烟世界，需要每个人的努力！

第四篇：吸烟与健康讲稿

吸烟与健康讲稿

今天讲座的题目是：吸烟与健康。可能有的同志们说了，这还用讲，烟盒上都印着呢，“吸烟有害健康，戒烟可减少对健康的危害”，“吸烟有害健康，尽早戒烟有益健康”。非常对，既然你都知道这些，那为什么你还要吸烟呢？（烟盒的图片）

那是因为你没听过我讲课，听过我讲课后，你肯定不会再吸烟了。如果你听完了这个讲座，一定对你的身体健康增加正能量！

大家都知道，罗京，男，1961年5月29日生于北京市海淀区，1979年考入中国传媒大学播音系，1983年毕业后进入中央电视台主持《新闻联播》节目。与赵忠祥、宋世雄并称“播音三巨头”。

2008年7月被确诊为淋巴癌，9月被确诊患有淋巴瘤，并暂停工作入院接受治疗，期间还接受了造血干细胞移植手术和化疗。2009年6月5日早晨因病去世，终年48岁。

罗京是一名京剧的老牌票友，自己演唱京剧更是一绝，他的京剧表演曾经登上过春节联欢晚会的舞台，深受观众喜爱。他是中国明星足球队的一员，在2008年春节的明星足球赛中，获得过“足球先生”的称号。

那么，是什么原因导致罗京患上了淋巴癌呢？

对于吸烟，罗京有着异乎寻常的喜爱，就像喜爱京剧和足

第五篇：吸烟与健康 2

青少年吸烟与健康

党鑫峰 经济1124班 学号：20121151405 摘要：本文主要从化学与人类生活的角度谈谈吸烟对健康的影响。通过对我国吸烟情况的调查以及对烟草中的危害健康的化学成分的研究，探究吸烟的危害，从而增强健康意识。关键字：吸烟，肺功能，吸烟的危害，青少年

我国是一个烟草大国, 也是烟民大国, 控制吸烟, 减少危害, 已是全国各地共同关注的重要问题之一。1 9 8 4 年全国吸烟抽样调查结果表明, 我国15 岁以上人群吸烟率为3.8 % , 男性为61.01 % , 女性为7.0 4 %。中学生吸烟率为3.41 % , 其中男生为5.91 % , 女生为0.1 %;大学生为19.10 % , 其中男生为27.13 % , 女生为0。1 9 8 4 年资料还表明,70 % 以上的吸烟者开始吸烟年龄在20 岁之间。因此, 要减少我国的烟民, 降低吸烟率, 必须从青年学生抓起。为了降低大、中学生吸烟率进一步摸清其吸烟状况并探索一套适宜有效的干预方法, 中国预防医学科学院环境卫生与卫生工程研究所在世界银行贷款的资助下, 于1 9 8 9~ 1 9 9 0 年同时在沈阳、成都、福州、厦门四个城市16 所普通中学和7 所面向全国招生的大学中对3 万多名学生进行了系统调查和干预实验, 取得了明显效果。吸烟率在初中、高中和大学生中, 常吸者吸烟率分别平均为2.17% ,7.1 %和21.95 % , 初中最低, 大学最高。按男女生分别计算, 初中男生为4.17 % , 女生为0.18 %;高中男生为1 2.65 % , 女生为0.21 %;大学男生为30.48 % , 女生为2.19 % , 男生明显高于女生。若将偶吸者统计在内, 初中平均为18.62 % , 高中平均为29.91 % , 大学平均为63.92 % , 分别高出上述常吸者吸烟率的8.58、0.21 和2.91 倍。初中女生最高达24.28 倍[1]。

我国是世界上主要的香烟生产和消费国。据世界卫生组织(W H O)1 9 9 3 年的报告, 在过去30 年间, 美国等西方工业化国家的香烟消费逐年下降, 而我国却逐年上升(W 110, 1 9 9 3)。1 9 9 3 年, 我国的香烟生产和消费量分别占全球香烟生产和消费总量的4 0 % 和31 %;香烟消费的年平均增长率超过7 %(Stanlcy , 1993)。在众多的吸烟者中,青少年已成为一个不可忽视的群体。如梅家模等人(1993)的研究就发现江西省中学生曾经吸烟者已达到30 %左右。研究还表明(金永堂等, 1994;梅家模等, 1993)大多数吸烟者都是从青少年开始吸烟的[2]。全国第三次吸烟流行病学调查显示, 吸烟行为的习惯主要是在青少年时期。广州城市青少年主要集中在学校, 中小学生的流行率不到1%。广州市12~ 15 岁的学生几乎全部集中在初中阶段学习, 16~ 19 岁的学生按学习成绩就读于高中、中专、职中、技校[3]。尽管现象这么严重, 但是针对我国青少年吸烟的研究还很少(C h a p m a n , 1 9 9 4;梅家模等,1 9 9 3), 尤其是有关青少年吸烟影响因素或相关因素的研究就更少。这使得教育、干预青少年吸烟缺乏应有的根据。)比较, 可以发现, 在过去几年里, 青少年吸烟现象呈上升趋势。本研究与W H O(1 9 85)的研究都以北京地区普通学校学生为被试。W H O 研究发现, 14、15 岁的男女青少年吸烟者分别为1 8.1 % 和0.4 %。而本研究发现相似年龄男女青少年吸烟者分别增长了2 倍多(38 %)和将近40 倍。青少年吸烟人数增长之快, 尤其是女青少年, 需要引起特别的注意。需要弄清楚是什么原因促使青少年吸烟的, 以便为预防、干预青少年吸烟提供建议。同时需要重视对青少年吸烟的预防和干预。从该研究看, 青少年吸烟行为与问题行为、学习成绩差、闲逛

一、参加音乐类和娱乐类活动有密切关系。如果任由青少年吸烟行为发展下去, 将会对他们的心理发展造成不良影响。本研究还发现, 青少年吸烟早在小学六年级时就已开始了(10 %)。这一发现表明, 对青少年吸烟的预防、干预应从青少年前期就入手, 贯穿整个青少年期。纵观研究, 青少年吸烟行为与偷东西、牛殴等问题行为、学习成绩差、闲逛等动有密切关系。这一现象可以用Jesor 等人(Jessor 等, 1 9 7 7)提出的问题行为理论来解释。他们认为问题行为是相互影响、同时存在的。不同的问题行为往往是受相同的心理或人格特征以及社会因素影响的。这同时为预防、干预青少年吸烟行为指明了一个方向, 即预防或干预吸烟行为应与其它问题行为一起进行[2]。

。香烟中含有烟碱(尼古丁)、烟焦油、亚硝基胺、一氧化碳等多种有害物质。一方面, 吸入这些有害物质可激活肺泡巨噬细 胞、T 淋巴细胞(尤其是CD8+)和中性粒细胞, 被激活的炎性细胞释放多种介质, 包括白三烯B4(LTB4)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子A(TNFA)和其它介质, 这些介质能破坏肺的结构和促进中性粒细胞炎症反应, 引起气道、肺实质和肺血管的慢性炎症;另一方面, 吸烟能使支气管上皮纤毛变短, 不规则,纤毛运动发生障碍, 降低局部抵抗力, 削弱肺泡吞噬细胞的吞噬、灭菌作用, 又能引起支气管痉挛, 增加气道阻力;吸烟还可使气道内分泌物增加, 通过气道感觉神经末梢, 反射性地增加粘液分泌, 粘液的过度分泌是气流阻塞的危险因素 , 长期刺激可造成粘膜下腺体的过度增生和杯状细胞增殖, 周围气道的纤维化和结构重组, 使得气流阻塞不可逆转, 是COPD 的重要发病原因。

吸烟者肺功能异常率较高, 本文的研究证实了这一点。肺功能检查尤其是FEV1、EFV1/ FVC、PEF 和反映小气道指标的M EF50、MMEF 等是判断气流阻塞重复性好的客观指标, 它变异性小, 敏感性高, 易于操作, 对吸烟所致的肺功能低下乃至COPD 的诊断、严重度评价、疾病进展、预防及治疗反应等均有重要意义, 可作为COPD 肺功能检查的基本项目, 在医院中广泛开展。吸烟引起的肺功能低下是慢支患者COPD 发病独立的危险因素, 可能有70% 或更多的COPD 来自吸烟, 15%的吸烟者最终可发展为COPD , 吸烟者死于COPD 的人数也较非吸烟者为多, 而戒烟可使吸烟者COPD 的发病危险降低至近似于不吸烟的水平。因此, 病人、临床医生、预防医生和全社会应该联合起来, 象发达国家那样把烟草视为/ 亚毒品0 , 医务人员以身作则, 呼吁全社会重视控烟问题, 加大控烟力度。另外, 应重视吸烟者肺功能低下的康复治疗, 如开展家庭长期氧疗等[4]。

分析讨论：吸烟有害健康，人所共知，尤其吸烟对肺功能危害极大，有许多人因吸烟得了肺癌。我们有必要研究吸烟，也很有必要让越来越多的人明白吸烟是怎样危害人们的健康的。研究中，我们发现，吸烟的人中，青少年占比相当大，甚至来年女性吸烟者数量也不断增加，这值得引起全社会的关注。青少年是未来的希望，但却用吸烟麻痹着危害着他们的身体，这是我们不愿看到也不想看到的。虽然近年来，有过滤嘴的香烟会降低对人的健康的危害，但减少的很有限，大部分还是被人体所吸收，没能够从根本上解决问题，过滤嘴说白了只是给自己心理上一点安慰而已。

研究中还发现，吸烟不但危害了人的健康，而且还会影响青少年的心理健康，大多数吸烟的青少年都有偷窃，敲诈，勒索的不良行为，学习成绩持续下降，更有甚者，打架斗殴的基本都是吸烟的学生。吸烟的原因很多，但青少年吸烟是因为什么呢？这还值得进一步探究。

如何解决青少年的吸烟问题呢？当然禁烟是最好的办法，但并不可行。青少年戒烟，首先家庭要做好示范工作，社会要加强青少年吸烟与健康教育，而在个人，要做些感兴趣的有益身心健康的事情，转移吸烟的诱惑，不断提高对吸烟的认识。

参考文献：

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